Deck 4: Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

Question 1

The TAT can be scored

A) on an impressionistic basis.
B) objectively.
C) both.
D) neither.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to psychoanalytic theory, various forms of pathology are associated with

A) particular stages of development.
B) particular mechanisms of defense.
C) particular wishes and fears.
D) all of the above.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Projective methods often are seen as valuable in

A) identifying single parts of the personality.
B) offering insight into the private world of meaning.
C) characterizing the conscious processes of the individual.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Orderliness and cleanliness; parsimony and stinginess; and obstinacy are typical of which of the following?

A) an anal character.
B) an oral character.
C) a phallic character.
D) a latent character.

Question 5

According to psychoanalytic theory, the critical aspect of psychopathology is

A) an excessive amount of drive or libido.
B) conflict between wish and anxiety.
B)
C) an inadequate amount of guilt.
D) conflict between competing sources of external stimuli.

Question 6

According to psychoanalytic theory, neuroses reflect a conflict between

A) id and superego.
B) ego and reality.
C) id and ego.
D) ego and superego.

Question 7

According to psychoanalytic theory, somatic difficulties may result from

A) unconscious wishes.
B) partial sublimation.
C) the suppression of emotion.
D) all the above.

Question 8

In interpreting the Rorschach test, one is interested in

A) the way in which the responses are formed)
B) the reason for the response.
C) its content.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

Central to psychoanalytic treatment is

A) transference neurosis.
B) catharsis.
C) hypnosis.
D) all of the above.

Question 10

The character type possessing the characteristics of being demanding, envious, and impatient

A) oral.
B) anal.
C) phallic
D) genital.

Question 11

Which of the following is not true?

A) symptoms express conscious conflict between drive and anxiety.
B) regression occurs under stress.
C) psychopathology involves the effort to gratify fixated instincts.
D) the phallic stage has different implications for men and women.

Question 12

The relation of TAT fantasy to overt behavior is

A) fantasy can be directly associated with behavior.
B) fantasy can act as a substitute for behavior.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).

Question 13

Change occurs in psychoanalysis because

A) the conflict is now less intense than originally.
B) the analyst assumes a supportive attitude.
C) the ego of the patient has developed)
D) all of the above.

Question 14

The development of the use of charge cards would appear to be particularly attractive to

A) oral characters.
B) anal characters.
C) genital characters.
D) healthy people.

Question 15

The stage in which the child identifies with the parent of the same sex

A) oral.
B) anal.
C) phallic)
D) genital.

Question 16

Supporters of the Rorschach claim that

A) the concepts of reliability and validity are irrelevant.
B) the multidimensional picture creates empirical problems.
C) other tests are worthless.
D) all of the above.

Question 17

Freud believed a disguised expression of a repressed instinct to be a

A) symptom.
B) impulse.
C) defense.
D) wish.

Question 18

The psychoanalytic concept expressing a return to an earlier mode of satisfaction is

A) regression.
B) repression.
C) denial.
D) projection.

Question 19

According to psychoanalytic theory, in regression there is a return to

A) the womb
B) nirvana
C) an earlier point of fixation.
D) an earlier point of loss.

Question 20

Seeking gratification appropriate to an earlier stage of development is a sign of

A) aim-inhibited instinct.
B) a mechanism of defense.
C) denial.
D) fixation.

Question 21

The founder of the school of Individual Psychology was

A) Alfred Adler.
B) Carl Jung.
C) Karen Horney.
D) Harry Sullivan.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a contributor to change in psychoanalysis?

A) the conflict is less intense than originally.
B) the superego helps in the control of the instincts.
C) the ego is more developed)
D) the analyst is different from the parents.

Question 23

Little Hans was afraid of horses because (of)

A) he fell off a horse at an early age.
B) castration anxiety.
C) oral fixation.
D) none of the above.

Question 24

The theorist who emphasized the concept of a collective unconscious wass

A) Adler.
B) Jung.
C) Horney.
D) Sullivan.

Question 25

The psychoanalytic process may be best viewed in terms of

A) making conscious what was preconscious.
B) replacing secondary process with primary process.
C) a learning process.
D) a conversion experience.

Question 26

Adler and Jung are different from Freud in that they

A) place greater emphasis on sex and aggression.
B) place lesser emphasis on sex and aggression.
C) place greater emphasis on psychotherapy.
D) place lesser emphasis on psychotherapy.

Question 27

Which of the following is a useful device for bypassing the defenses?

A) free association.
B) dream interpretation.
C) subliminal psychodynamic activation.
D) all of the above.

Question 28

In psychoanalysis, which of the following involves the reenactment of old conflicts?

A) transference neurosis.
B) fixation.
C) repression.
D) catharsis.

Question 29

The "will to power" refers to

A) the neurotic drive to "move against."
B) striving for superiority.
C) Oedipal competition with the father.
D) preoccupation with controlling defecation.

Question 30

In psychoanalysis, the "royal road" to the unconscious is

A) dreams.
B) transference.
C) catharsis.
D) all of the above.

Question 31

The attitudes that the patient has toward the psychoanalyst which have their basis in attitudes toward earlier parental figures best describes

A) resistance.
B) catharsis.
C) transference.
D) free association.

Question 32

Universal images or symbols are known as

A) archetypes.
B) instincts.
C) neurotic trends.
D) basic drives.

Question 33

Which of the following was a problem with analyzing the case of "Little Hans?"

A) interviewing was done by the father.
B) interviewing was done in an unsystematic way.
C) Freud was dependent on second-hand reports.
D) all of the above were problems.

Question 34

In the transference situation, the struggle for power and control may be viewed as associated with

A) the oral character.
B) the anal character.
C) the phallic character.
D) the narcissistic character.

Question 35

Freud felt that in the case of "Little Hans," the phobia he developed of horses was mostly determined by

A) unsatisfactory progress through the oral stage of development.
B) conflicts associated with the Oedipal situation.
C) partial fixation at the genital stage of development.
D) none of the above.

Question 36

The case of Little Hans is important in illustrating

A) the structural model.
B) anxiety and the mechanisms of defense.
C) transference and transference neurosis.
D) infantile sexuality.

Question 37

Psychoanalytic treatment aims toward

A) cure.
B) socialization.
C) greater ego strength.
D) greater id strength.

Question 38

In the case of Little Hans, the phobia expressed

A) the conflict between wish and fear.
B) the identification with the father.
C) sibling rivalry.
D) compensating strivings.

Question 39

The process emphasized by analysts in therapy

A) dream interpretation.
B) transference.
C) free-association.
D) all of the above.

Question 40

In psychoanalysis the analyst is

A) passive, inactive.
B) active, directive.
C) depends on the analyst.
D) depends on the patient.

Question 41

The narcissistic personality type is associated with which stage of development?

A) oral.
B) anal.
C) phallic
D) latency

Question 42

According to Sullivan, the self develops out of

A) experiences in contacts with others.
B) reflected appraisals.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).

Question 43

Which theorist is most associated with an emphasis on peer relationships?

A) Jung.
B) Horney.
C) Sullivan.
D) all of the above.

Question 44

A major contribution of Freud was

A) the richness of observations.
B) the clarity of theoretical development.
C) the systematization of empirical findings.
D) the discovery of cross-cultural data.

Question 45

Karen Horney's major difference with Freud was over the relative importance of

A) biological and cultural influences.
B) the past and the present.
C) the unconscious and the conscious.
D) neurotic wishes and superego controls.

Question 46

The narcissistic personality type

A) is in love with the self.
B) is vulnerable to blows to self-esteem.
C) feels others are entitled to things.
D) all of the above.

Question 47

The analyst who emphasized the early relationships between the infant and the mother - the development of anxiety and the sense of self was

A) Sullivan.
B) Murray.
C) Rorschach.
D) Adler.

Question 48

Good-me, bad-me, not-me are concepts of

A) Sullivan.
B) Horney.
C) Jung.
D) Hume.

Question 49

Which theorist placed a heavy emphasis on interpersonal forces in human development?

A) Erikson.
B) Horney.
C) Sullivan.
D) all of the above.

Question 50

The concept of narcissistic personality relates to

A) a healthy love for oneself.
B) a person who likes to look in the mirror.
C) a person vulnerable to blows to self-esteem.
D) a capacity for empathy with others.

Question 51

Which of the following is not a contrast emphasized by Jung?

A) persona-private self.
B) anima-animus.
C) introversion-extroversion.
D) complex-simple.

Question 52

Adler's concept for people's response to organ weaknesses and psychological feelings of inferiority was

A) reaction formation.
B) aggression.
C) compensatory strivings.
D) learned helplessness.

Question 53

The central difference between traditional psychoanalysts and object relations theorists focuses on the importance of

A) the ego.
B) the sexual instincts.
C) the superego.
D) the death instinct.

Question 54

The theorist who emphasized neurotic trends was

A) Alfred Adler.
B) Harry Sullivan.
C) Carl Jung.
D) Karen Horney.

Question 55

A person who deals with basic anxiety by being very dependent on others would be illustrative of

A) the moving toward neurotic trend)
B) the anal character type.
C) compensatory strivings.
D) the as-if personality.

Question 56

According to object relations theory, people are

A) relationship seeking.
B) pleasure seeking.
C) tension reduction seeking.
D) all of the above.

Question 57

A major criticism of psychoanalytic theory is

A) the observations reported are of little significance.
B) the concepts are too removed from measurable behavior.
C) the theory is not sufficiently comprehensive.
D) the treatment method is as yet unproven.

Question 58

According to Horney, women are

A) biologically disposed toward masochistic attitudes.
B) culturally disposed toward masochistic attitudes.
C) biologically disposed toward creative pursuits.
D) culturally disposed toward creative pursuits.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a concept emphasized by Jung?

A) blank screen.
B) collective unconscious.
C) libido.
D) archetypes.

Question 60

Which of the following would not appear to be a negative part of the evaluation of psychoanalytic theory?

A) Its concepts are hard to define in empirical terms.
B) It has led to few observations.
C) Often it is not open to the negative test (disproof).
D) It is biased in terms of subject population and culture at the time of development.

Question 61

Which is not a strength of psychoanalytic theory?

A) provides for discovery of interesting phenomenon.
B) provides new techniques for research and therapy.
C) encompasses a broad range of phenomena.
D) defines concepts clearly.

Question 62

According to the text, the improvement of patients in psychoanalytic treatment is

A) critical to our assessment of the theory.
B) unrelated to our assessment of the theory.
C) greater than in other forms of therapy.
D) less than in other forms of treatment.

Question 63

Buchheim et al.'s (2009) research implicates which of the following neurotransmitters in attachment processes?

A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Oxytocin
D) Acetylcholine

Question 64

Which of these dimensions is suggested to relate to various attachment styles?

A) working model of self.
B) working model of other.
C) both a and b.

Question 65

It is surprising to learn that the cerebellum is implicated in attachment processing because the cerebellum is primarily involved in:

A) motor movement
B) visual processing
C) threat processing
D) delay of gratification

Question 66

Which of the following is not found to be a characteristic of narcissistic individuals?

A) simple self concept.
B) aggrandizing self-attribution.
C) self-enhancement bias.
D) all are characteristic.

Question 67

According to Bowlby, the ABS

A) has adaptive value.
B) is learned.
C) both a and b.

Question 68

Individuals scoring high on narcissism have been found to demonstrate a

A) self-enhancement bias.
B) self-debasement bias.
C) discomfort in front of mirrors.
D) discomfort on the stage.

Question 69

Bowlby's concept of working models refers to

A) goals.
B) plans.
C) mental representations.
D) none of the above.

Question 70

Concerning the projective tests given to Jim, the text suggests that they

A) gave an accurate picture of him.
B) captured the world of the irrational.
C) missed his underlying conflicts.
D) missed his problems with women.

Question 71

According to research by Buchheim and colleagues (2009), if an individual with an insecure attachment style was given oxytocin, how would they likely respond?

A) They wouldn't behave any differently.
B) They would probably experience attachment-related emotions.
C) They would become even more insecurely attached.
D) It would depend on the sex of the experimenter.

Question 72

According to research by Schutter and van Honk (2009), among people with a(n) _____ attachment style, interpersonal loss was associated with lower neural volume in the cerebellum, whereas among people with a more _____ attachment style, interpersonal loss was associated with higher neural volume in the cerebellum.

A)secure; avoidant
B)secure; insecure
C)avoidant; secure
D)avoidant; insecure

Question 73

What is the role of the self archetype, according to Jung?

A) It is an unconscious force that motivates the individual to integrate the various opposing forces of the psyche.
B) It is a conscious force that motivates the individual to integrate the various opposing forces of the psyche.
C) It is an unconscious force representing the struggle between our masculine and feminine selves.
D) It is an conscious force representing the struggle between our masculine and feminine selves.

Question 74

Jung emphasized the struggles individuals have with various opposing forces within them. What does he suggest, then, is all individuals' fundamental personal task?

A) To further diversify these various opposing forces.
B) To integrate these various opposing forces.
C) To exorcise these various opposing forces.
D) To sublimate these various opposing forces.

Question 75

Schutter and van Honk's (2009) research indicates that attachment styles was associated with neural volume in the _____.

A) pons
B) thalamus
C) cerebellum
D) limbic system

Question 76

Research suggests that compared to nonnarcissistic individuals, narcissists prefer

A) admiring partners.
B) caring partners.
C) competitive partners.
D) submissive partners.

Question 77

At this point the evidence suggests that

A) attachment style is fixed early in life.
B) attachment style is not stable over time.
C) there is evidence for both continuity and change.
D) the concept is meaningless.

Question 78

Which of the following was suggested in the interpretation of Jim's projectives?

A) he is in touch with his anxiety.
B) conflicted relationships with women.
C) extensive use of projection.
D) all of the above.

Question 79

Experimental findings support clinical research suggesting that narcissists

A) are vulnerable to blows to their self-esteem.
B) respond to threats to grandiosity with anger.
C) both of the above.
D) neither of the above.

Question 80

secure; avoidant