Deck 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

Crystal has a fast metabolic rate and Paula has a slow metabolic rate, therefore

A)Paula burns calories more rapidly than Crystal.
B)Crystal burns calories more rapidly than Paula.
C)Paula reached puberty earlier than Crystal.
D)Crystal reached puberty earlier than Paula.

Answer 1

Crystal burns calories more rapidly than Paula.

Question 2

How many food groups should Canadian children in their middle years choose from in Canada's Food Guide?

A)all five of the food groups
B)four of the five food groups
C)three of the five food groups
D)one or two of the five food groups

Answer 2

all five of the food groups

Question 3

Genes

A)are not related to weight.
B)influence activity level.
C)do not influence basal metabolic rate.
D)do not influence the rate of calorie burning.

Answer 3

influence activity level.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of obese children?

A)They have severe behaviour problems.
B)They are viewed favourably by their peers.
C)They are at risk for diabetes and high blood pressure.
D)They are likely to outgrow their "baby fat" and become slim adults.

Question 5

Ten-year-old Tyra is obese. Which of the following weight-loss programs would be most effective?

A)a program where Tyra alone is responsible for monitoring her calories and exercise
B)a program in which Tyra's parents monitor their lifestyles as well
C)a program that punishes Tyra for overeating
D)a program that teaches Tyra to respond to external cues to start and stop eating

Question 6

________ children are on average taller than ________ children.

A)European Canadian; African Canadian
B)Asian Canadian; African Canadian
C)African Canadian; European Canadian
D)Asian Canadian; European Canadian

Question 7

Patti was adopted and is obese. Patti's weight is

A)likely to be more closely related to her adoptive parents' weights than to her biological parents' weights.
B)likely to be more closely related to her biological parents' weights than to her adoptive parents' weights.
C)likely to be an average of her biological parents' weights and her adoptive parents' weights.
D)not likely to be related to either her adoptive parents' weights or to her biological parents' weights.

Question 8

Growth hormone treatments

A)are relatively inexpensive.
B)have no unwanted side effects.
C)do not necessarily make children taller as adults.
D)are recommended for use with all short children.

Question 9

After age 5, children lose about ________ teeth a year for the next 5 years.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 10

Which of the following most accurately describes physical growth during the elementary-school years?

A)Growth proceeds at a variable pace.
B)Boys and girls are about the same size during most of this period.
C)The increase in height occurs equally in the trunk and in the legs.
D)There are no marked ethnic differences in height.

Question 11

Your nephew is short for his age and your brother thinks that he should get growth hormone treatments. Your brother sees your textbook and asks what it says about growth hormone treatments. What would you would you tell him?

A)"Most scientists believe that growth hormone treatments can make anyone taller as an adult."
B)"Growth hormone therapy should be used for children with known hormonal problems, not for all children who have a short stature."
C)"Growth hormone therapy is so inexpensive that it's worth a try even if it's not always effective."
D)"Growth hormone therapy has not been found to have any effect on growth rate."

Question 12

Overeating may result from

A)a fast basal metabolic rate.
B)ignoring internal eating cues.
C)ignoring external eating cues.
D)an active lifestyle.

Question 13

Chronic malnutrition

A)is uncommon in Canada.
B)can cause children to be ill and often miss school.
C)does not usually affect concentration in school.
D)has little impact on growth.

Question 14

The speed at which the body consumes calories is referred to as

A)the basal metabolic rate.
B)the activity level.
C)an internal cue.
D)an external cue.

Question 15

During the elementary-school years,

A)individuals of the same age do not differ markedly in their height and weight.
B)children show more growth in their trunks than in their legs.
C)boys are much larger than girls.
D)girls are more likely than boys to enter puberty.

Question 16

If Richie is a typical child who is obese, he

A)has many friends.
B)is the only one in his family who is overweight.
C)is at risk for many medical problems.
D)feels positively about himself.

Question 17

Compared to their well-nourished peers, malnourished children

A)are more irritable.
B)do as well in school.
C)are as healthy.
D)are able to concentrate on schoolwork as long as they are in school.

Question 18

Based on ethnic differences in height, who would you expect to be the tallest child?

A)Michael, who is of African heritage
B)John, who is of European heritage
C)Chan-ho, who is of Asian heritage
D)It is impossible to tell, because there are no ethnic differences in height.

Question 19

Obesity may be caused by

A)one's genetic make-up setting a low basal metabolic rate.
B)television advertising that emphasizes the cultural ideal of thinness.
C)parents who emphasize internal signals rather than external signals to control eating.
D)one's genetic make-up determining a high activity level.

Question 20

Which of the following was not an outcome of the Canadian study of overweight children by Mendelson & White (1985)?

A)differences in self-esteem were greatest for the youngest children (ages 8.5-11.4 years)
B)there were no differences in self-esteem for the youngest children (ages 8.5-11.4 years)
C)differences in self-esteem were greatest for the boys in the middle age group (ages 11.5-14.4 years)
D)differences in self-esteem were greatest for the girls in the oldest age group (ages 14.5-17.4 years)

Question 21

What were the targets of the public awareness campaign launched in 2002 by Hockey Canada?

A)bad coaches
B)bad team players
C)bad hockey parents
D)bad referees

Question 22

Compared to girls, elementary-aged boys have greater

A)dexterity on fine-motor tasks like handwriting.
B)balance.
C)strength.
D)flexibility.

Question 23

Malocclusion

A)is not related to problems with chewing.
B)does not make teeth more prone to decay.
C)may be caused by late loss of primary teeth.
D)can be corrected with braces.

Question 24

Edible insect species have been identified primarily in

A)the Middle East.
B)Africa, Asia, and South America.
C)North America.
D)Australia.

Question 25

Adult coaches should

A)criticize the players.
B)emphasize winning over skill development.
C)emphasize drills and strategy so that play is work-like.
D)coach positively and provide encouragement to the children.

Question 26

Michael Salman, at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, has pointed to the important role of the ________ in mediating between children's motor movements, sensory perception, and the precise timing necessary to carry out many activities.

A)cerebellum
B)frontal lobe
C)hypothalamus
D)amygdala

Question 27

Which of the following was not a finding of the CFLRI's survey examining the role of the school in relation to children's participation in physical activity?

A)In Canadian elementary school physical education classes, children spend almost 20 percent of the time standing around inactive.
B)Less than 50 percent of Canadian schools use physical education specialists to teach physical education classes.
C)Less than 20 percent of Canadian schools offer daily physical education classes.
D)Schools with lower-income families were more likely to provide support for transportation, admission, and equipment for sports activities.

Question 28

One of the reasons for gender differences in gross-motor skills that require strength is that

A)girls spend less time in sports involving gross-motor skills that require strength.
B)boys' bodies have proportionately more fat than girls' bodies.
C)many girls and their parents value sports and physical fitness for girls.
D)boys' bodies have less muscle than girls' bodies do during the elementary school years.

Question 29

Myopia

A)means that distant objects are seen more sharply than near objects.
B)is more common in children who spend more time in activities that use near vision.
C)usually emerges around age 5 or 6.
D)does not have a hereditary cause.

Question 30

After accidents involving unintentional falls, the next most common cause of childhood injuries and death in Canada is

A)child abuse.
B)accidents related to water.
C)motor vehicle collisions.
D)sports participation.

Question 31

About how many species of edible insect have been identified in the world?

A)100
B)900
C)1900
D)5000

Question 32

In Canada, physical education classes

A)should meet more frequently each week to promote physical fitness.
B)are a daily activity in most schools.
C)should emphasize team sports over more individual activities.
D)are not useful for laying the foundation for a lifelong program of fitness.

Question 33

Edible insect species are not as prominent in

A)the Middle East and Africa.
B)Canada and China.
C)Russia and Canada.
D)Australia and New Zealand.

Question 34

Edible insect species are less prominent in Canada and Russia due to

A)the overall lower incidence of insects in these countries.
B)chance.
C)overuse of pesticides in agriculture.
D)cold weather.

Question 35

Regina has difficulty clearly seeing writing on the blackboard from the back of the classroom. Regina is likely suffering from

A)farsightedness.
B)a metabolic disorder.
C)malocclusion.
D)myopia.

Question 36

Middle childhood refers to the period of development between the ages of

A)4 and 7.
B)4 and 11.
C)7 and 11.
D)7 and 13.

Question 37

What recommendation do you think would be most effective in improving the physical fitness of elementary-school aged children?

A)Have school physical education classes focus more on team sports.
B)Have physical education classes spend more time on discussion of fitness and less time on exercising.
C)Have physical education classes focus more on individual activities that can be done throughout life.
D)Continue offering physical education classes in the same way as they are now because they have been shown to be very effective in improving children's fitness.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about motor skills during the elementary school years is true?

A)Girls tend to outperform boys on tasks that require fine-motor skills.
B)Boys tend to do better than girls on gross-motor skills that require flexibility.
C)Boys and girls perform equally on gross-motor skills that require strength.
D)Boys tend to outperform girls on gross-motor skills that emphasize balance.

Question 39

In Canada, the most common type of accident during childhood involves

A)unintentional falls.
B)a bicycle.
C)motor vehicles.
D)sports.

Question 40

When children's upper and lower teeth don't meet properly, they are experiencing

A)malocclusion.
B)myopia.
C)basal metabolic rate.
D)malnutrition.

Question 41

The Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute are interested in all of the following except

A)the role of schools in relation to children's access to participation in physical activity.
B)the amount of time students spend participating in activities during physical education class at school.
C)the differences in student evaluation processes used across different regions of the country.
D)how often children gather informally to participate in team sports compared to registration in league play organized by adults.

Question 42

The Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (CFLRI) points out that

A)a major problem for today's youth is a sedentary lifestyle.
B)there is no need to target children under the age of seven with tips and tricks because their activity level is up to their parents.
C)genes determine basal metabolic rate making increased activity an ineffective strategy for improving weigh in youth described as obese.
D)obesity is not a serious problem in school-age children.

Question 43

"Bad hockey parent" behavior has been addressed in the which of the following way(s) by Hockey Canada in recent years?

A)public-awareness campaign about the pressure coaches and parents may feel when their child is on a losing team
B)information brochures for parents listing appropriate and inappropriate behaviour while at one of their children's hockey games
C)public awareness campaign on how parent's should 'fight nice' while watching a hockey game that might trigger emotional reactions
D)print and television advertisements designed to make parents more sensitive to negative parental pressure

Question 44

The most frequently consumed worm is the

A)red wiggler.
B)earthworm.
C)bamboo caterpillar.
D)mopane caterpillar.

Question 45

If a child were exposed to high levels of fluoride in a city's water supply, what long-term outcomes might you expect for that child, based on the study of fluoride exposure from the Harvard School of Public Health?

A)impaired motor skills
B)impaired speech
C)poor sensory perception
D)lower cognitive ability

Question 46

Which of the following is not an advantage of eating insects?

A)They have a high feed-conversion efficiency.
B)They are easy to find and prepare.
C)The pose a low risk of transmitting zoonotic infections.
D)They require less water than cattle.

Question 47

Concerns about the ability of fluoride to cross the placenta are related to the possibility that neurotoxicity can lead to

A)low iron.
B)permanent brain damage.
C)damaged teeth.
D)temporary brain damage.

Question 48

Edible insect species are consumed primarily as a source of

A)B vitamins.
B)complex carbohydrates.
C)calcium.
D)protein.

Question 49

Cognitive effects of exposure to high levels of fluoride in drinking water may come about because fluoride

A)can cross the placenta.
B)can not be metabolized by the liver.
C)circulates in the mother's bloodstream for a long time.
D)cannot be expelled by the fetus.

Question 50

The most popularly consumed beetle is the

A)dung beetle.
B)palm weevil.
C)aquatic beetle
D)wood-boring beetle larvae.

Question 51

Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health found that high exposure to fluoride in drinking water can result in children developing

A)low iron.
B)fluoride neurotoxicity.
C)very strong teeth.
D)fewer cavities than children who drank less fluoride.

Question 52

The most popularly consumed insects are

A)beetles.
B)caterpillars.
C)bees.
D)ants.

Question 53

People in Western nations rarely consume insects because

A)they think they are disgusting.
B)they are not readily available.
C)it is illegal to eat insects in many Western nations.
D)no edible insects thrive in Western nations.

Question 54

One of the challenges to healthy eating for today's youth includes

A)the ease with which youth can lose weight signals the body to overeat.
B)environment, including TV advertising tasty and fattening foods.
C)the inability of youth to easily lose weight considering their fast rate of growth.
D)parents who monitor their own lifestyles but enable their children's unhealthy diet.

Question 55

_____ are consumed not uncommonly in the Netherlands.

A)Palm weevils
B)Yellow mealworms
C)Aquatic beetles
D)Wood-boring larvae