Deck 4: Growth and Health

Question 1

Nutritional needs during infancy are high because __________ requires a relatively large amount of energy.

A) digestion
B) respiration
C) an infant's high activity level
D) growth

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Wolff reminded her art students that in order to draw toddlers and young children realistically they need to draw disproportionately large

A) feet.
B) hips.
C) arms.
D) heads.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The range of "normal" heights is

A) wider than the range of "average" heights.
B) narrower than the range of "average" heights.
C) the same as the range of "average" heights.
D) sometimes narrower and sometimes wider than the range of "average" heights depending on the country.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Cartilage turns to bone

A) first in the center and later in the ends of the cartilage structure.
B) first at the ends and later in the center of the cartilage structure.
C) in all parts of the cartilage structure simultaneously.
D) beginning at birth.

Question 5

Average heights

A) vary from country to country.
B) have been decreasing over the last 100 years.
C) stay the same from generation to generation.
D) have a wider range than normal heights.

Question 6

Fat accumulates rapidly

A) only during infancy.
B) during infancy and the preschool years.
C) during the preschool years and adolescence.
D) during infancy and adolescence.

Question 7

Who is likely to be accumulating fat LEAST rapidly?

A) Belle, who is six months of age
B) Greta, who is four years of age
C) Caroline, who is 10 years of age
D) Claire, who is 13 years of age

Question 8

The body's muscle fibers

A) are mostly absent at birth and do not appear in great numbers until middle childhood.
B) become longer and thicker during childhood.
C) become shorter and thinner during childhood.
D) are fused together at birth, but gradually separate.

Question 9

The rate of physical growth is slowest during which period of life?

A) prenatal development
B) the first year of life
C) preschool and elementary school years
D) early adolescence

Question 10

Which of the following helps bones and muscles grow?

A) somatomedin
B) osteoporosis
C) antibodies
D) epiphyses

Question 11

Epiphyses are

A) the collective physical changes that occur in early adolescence.
B) chemicals that travel in the bloodstream to act on other body parts.
C) changes in physical development from one generation to the next.
D) the ends of the cartilage structures in a fetus that turn into bone

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the role of hormones in growth?

A) Growth hormone is secreted by the liver.
B) Growth hormone triggers the release of somatomedin, which causes muscles and bones to grow.
C) The majority of growth hormone is secreted while children and adolescents are awake.
D) The pituitary gland does not have an important role in growth.

Question 13

Which of the following describes a secular growth trend?

A) Girls begin puberty earlier than boys.
B) Boys eventually grow taller than girls.
C) Boys in the current generation are taller on average than boys from the previous generation.
D) The rate of growth during adolescence is faster than it is during middle childhood.

Question 14

Physical growth is

A) steady throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
B) relatively slow during infancy and childhood, but rapid in adolescence.
C) rapid during infancy, slow during childhood, and rapid during adolescence.
D) rapid during infancy and childhood, but slow during adolescence.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The body's muscle fibers appear after birth.
B) Very little fat accumulates after birth.
C) Cartilage begins to turn to bone after birth.
D) Toddlers and young children have disproportionately large heads.

Question 16

Which eight-year-old boy is likely to be the shortest?

A) Tom, who is from the United States
B) Mikio, who is from Japan
C) Arthur, who is from Great Britain
D) Joseph, who is from New Guinea

Question 17

"Average" physical growth

A) varies from one generation to the next.
B) does not vary from country to country.
C) is the same as "normal" physical growth.
D) is the same in Africa and Europe.

Question 18

The finding that tall parents tend to have taller children, whereas short parents tend to have short children suggests that __________ influences height.

A) heredity
B) the environment
C) a hormone
D) nutrition

Question 19

Growth hormone GH) is secreted by the

A) pituitary gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) epiphyses.
D) myelin.

Question 20

Bone develops from

A) cartilage.
B) muscle fibers.
C) fat tissue.
D) the central nervous system.

Question 21

__________ are organs that are directly involved in reproduction.

A) Secondary sex characteristics
B) Primary sex characteristics
C) Puberty
D) Menarche

Question 22

The adolescent growth spurt and sexual maturation that occur in early adolescence are known as

A) a secular growth trend.
B) puberty.
C) menarche.
D) hormones.

Question 23

For girls, puberty typically begins with

A) the appearance of pubic hair.
B) growth of the breasts.
C) menarche.
D) the first ovulation.

Question 24

Which of the following statements concerning the maturation of the reproductive system is true?

A) Early menstrual cycles are usually regular.
B) Boys' initial ejaculations usually contain sufficient sperm to fertilize an egg.
C) In the first months of menstruation, girls do not usually ovulate.
D) At about age 17, boys have their first spontaneous ejaculation.

Question 25

__________ are physical signs of maturity that are not linked directly to the reproductive organs.

A) Primary sex characteristics
B) Secondary sex characteristics
C) Rites of passage
D) Puberty

Question 26

Which of the following is TRUE of nutrition and physical growth?

A) Nutrition is particularly important during infancy when growth is rapid.
B) In a two-month-old, almost 80% of the body's energy is devoted to growth.
C) Young babies need fewer calories per pound of body weight than do adults.
D) Nutrition is not related to physical growth.

Question 27

Puberty

A) occurs earlier in boys than in girls.
B) occurs earlier in girls who experience stress than in girls who have less stress.
C) occurs later in boys who experience stress than in boys who have less stress.
D) is not influenced by genetics.

Question 28

The onset of puberty

A) is regulated by the pituitary gland.
B) is totally controlled by genetic forces.
C) occurs later in girls who are depressed.
D) occurs earlier when girls receive inadequate nutrition.

Question 29

Parents of young children who are picky eaters should

A) force their children to clean their plates.
B) use food as a reward or punishment.
C) talk about and emphasize what the child is or is not eating.
D) reward children when they eat healthy foods

Question 30

Michelle and Deana are arguing about the relative benefits of breastfeeding and bottle feeding. Which of their arguments is most valid?

A) Michelle's claim that breastfed babies are ill less often because breast milk has the mother's antibodies in it.
B) Deana's assertion that bottlefed babies are less likely to have diarrhea and constipation.
C) Michelle's argument that breastfed babies' psychological development is enhanced.
D) Deana's belief that bottlefed babies make the transition to solid foods more easily.

Question 31

For boys, puberty typically begins with

A) the appearance of pubic hair.
B) growth of the testes and scrotum.
C) growth of the penis.
D) the growth spurt.

Question 32

Compared to bottle-fed babies, breastfed babies

A) are ill more often.
B) are less prone to diarrhea and constipation.
C) have a more difficult time making the transition to solid foods.
D) do not receive the antibodies that are found in formula.

Question 33

Thirteen-year-old Chris, who has a 6'2" father and a 5'1" mother, is worried because he is only as tall as his mother right now and would like to be much taller. What would you tell Chris if he confided his concerns to you?

A) "Sorry, Chris, but you've probably already reached your mature height. Just remember, many great men were short. Think of Napoleon!"
B) "Don't worry Chris. Most boys don't reach their full height until they are 17. You've got about four more years to grow and you are likely to be of average height because you have a tall father and a short mother."
C) "You should go to the doctor, Chris. You are abnormally short for your age and parents' heights. You may have a growth hormone deficiency."
D) "You don't have anything to worry about, Chris. Most boys end up being taller than their mothers and fathers, so you will probably be over 6'2" before you stop growing."

Question 34

Who is most likely to have just reached their full adult stature?

A) Ann, who is 13
B) Scott, who is 13
C) Diane, who is 17
D) Clyde, who is 17

Question 35

Ellis' parental investment theory emphasizes the role of fathers in determining the timing of puberty. According to this theory which of the following is true?

A) Puberty was earlier when father-daughter interactions were positive.
B) One way to reduce teen pregnancy is to discourage fathers from interacting with their teenage daughters.
C) Positive interactions between fathers and daughters will help delay the onset of puberty, which will reduce the odds of teenage pregnancy.
D) Pubertal timing is influenced by the quantity, not the quality, of father-daughter interactions.

Question 36

The adolescent growth spurt

A) usually begins earlier for girls than for boys.
B) usually ends earlier for boys than for girls.
C) is a time when girls gain more muscle than boys.
D) is a time when boys gain more fat than girls.

Question 37

Menarche typically occurs at __________ years of age.

A) nine
B) 11
C) 13
D) 15

Question 38

Candace has been overwhelmed with advice and information from well-meaning friends and relatives after the birth of her first child, and she isn't sure which of their statements she should believe. Which of the following statements that she has been told about nutrition and eating early in life is true?

A) At two years, growth becomes more rapid, so children need to eat more.
B) No more than one new food should be presented to an infant at one time.
C) In the United States, most babies are bottle-fed exclusively, because they get more nutrients that way than they would if breastfed.
D) Babies should not eat solid foods until they are one year of age.

Question 39

Richie is at the peak of his adolescent growth spurt, so he is probably gaining as many as __________ pounds a year.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 25
D) 40

Question 40

Ginger and Roger are fraternal twins arguing about who is going to begin puberty first and who is going to reach their adult height first. If you were chosen to referee their argument, what would you tell them?

A) Girls begin puberty and reach their adult height earlier than boys.
B) Boys begin puberty and reach their adult height earlier than girls.
C) Girls and boys begin puberty and reach their adult height at the same ages.
D) Girls begin puberty before boys, but reach their adult height after boys.

Question 41

Gavin was severely malnourished as an infant. He is likely to experience damage to his __________, which may affect his intelligence and ability to pay attention.

A) brain
B) pituitary gland
C) hormones
D) basal metabolic rate

Question 42

___________ is characterized by alternating between binge eating and purging through self-induced vomiting or with laxatives.

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Obesity
C) Bulimia
D) Malnourishment

Question 43

Adolescent girls are more likely to develop anorexia when

A) they perceive themselves to be of normal weight.
B) their mothers are satisfied with their own weights.
C) their parents are overprotective.
D) they ignore the cultural ideals of the female body.

Question 44

Which of the following girls would you expect to enter puberty first?

A) Shalicia, whose mother entered puberty at a young age
B) Chara, who is malnourished and does not receive adequate health care
C) Anita, who has a chronic illness
D) Jane, who lived in Europe in 1840

Question 45

Anorexia

A) does not have any serious consequences.
B) is unrelated to cultural values.
C) occurs more often when parents grant their adolescents much independence.
D) is more common in females than in males.

Question 46

Genes

A) are not related to weight.
B) are related to activity level.
C) do not influence basal metabolic rate.
D) do not influence the rate of calorie burning.

Question 47

Malnutrition

A) is common only in developing nations.
B) does not affect children's size or intelligence.
C) is especially damaging during middle childhood.
D) needs to be treated by training parents to address both biological and sociocultural factors

Question 48

If Paul is a typical obese child, he

A) has many friends.
B) is the only one in his family who is overweight.
C) is at risk for many medical problems.
D) feels positively about himself.

Question 49

Early maturation usually

A) can be harmful for girls and boys.
B) benefits girls, but not boys.
C) benefits both boys and girls.
D) can be harmful for boys, but not girls.

Question 50

Dwayne is an early maturing male and Camille is an early maturing female. Which of the following statements about Dwayne and Camille is most likely to be true?

A) Many of the influences that early maturation have on Dwayne and Camille may disappear during adulthood, particularly if a supportive environment is provided.
B) Camille will benefit more from her early maturation than Dwayne will from his.
C) Camille and Dwayne will both be more popular with their peers in school than later maturing adolescents.
D) Camille and Dwayne will both be more self-confident than later maturing adolescents.

Question 51

Obesity may be caused by

A) one's heredity potentially contributing to causing people to overeat, be sedentary, or be less able to convert fat to fuel.
B) television advertising that emphasizes the cultural ideal of thinness.
C) parents who emphasize internal signals, rather than external signals to control eating.
D) one's heredity determining a high-activity level.

Question 52

Malnourishment is most harmful during

A) adolescence.
B) middle childhood.
C) the preschool years.
D) infancy.

Question 53

Penelope is undergoing treatment for malnourishment. The most appropriate treatment would be one that

A) focused solely on improving Penelope's diet.
B) educated Penelope's parents about malnourishment.
C) used medication to control Penelope's behavior.
D) combined dietary improvements with parent training.

Question 54

Alicia refuses to eat and is terribly afraid of becoming overweight. Alicia has characteristics of

A) obesity.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) malnourishment.
D) a typical teenager.

Question 55

Liv has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following statements would she be LEAST likely to make?

A) "I am SO fat!"
B) "I never want to be overweight."
C) "My parents are so overprotective."
D) "My parents give me a lot of freedom."

Question 56

]Girls who mature early __________ than girls who mature late.

A) receive better grades in school
B) are more popular with peers
C) are more likely to smoke and drink
D) have more self-confidence

Question 57

Anorexia is more likely to occur in girls who

A) have overprotective parents.
B) are in elementary school.
C) are "trouble makers."
D) are irresponsible.

Question 58

Early maturing girls

A) are more popular with peers than other girls.
B) are more self-confident than other girls.
C) are more poised and socially competent than other girls.
D) have more negative feelings about their physical development than other girls.

Question 59

Obesity is associated with

A) a fast basal metabolic rate.
B) the use of internal eating cues.
C) the use of external eating cues.
D) a high activity level.

Question 60

Which of the following is TRUE of obese children?

A) They have severe behavior problems.
B) They are viewed favorably by their peers.
C) They are at risk for diabetes and high blood pressure.
D) They are likely to outgrow their "baby fat" and become slim adults.

Question 61

Around the world, children under the age of four years are

A) most likely to die from acute respiratory infections or diarrheal diseases.
B) most likely to die from diseases that cannot be prevented.
C) usually vaccinated to prevent childhood illnesses, such as measles.
D) afflicted with diseases that are expensive to prevent.

Question 62

Language processing is regulated primarily by the

A) corpus callosum.
B) frontal cortex.
C) left hemisphere.
D) right hemisphere.

Question 63

For adolescents, _______________ remain the leading cause of death.

A) drowning
B) motor vehicle accidents
C) malnutrition
D) diseases

Question 64

The most common cause of accidental death in children is

A) drowning.
B) motor vehicle accidents.
C) suffocation.
D) burns.

Question 65

Which of the following allows the axon to transmit information more rapidly?

A) myelin
B) synapse
C) synaptic pruning
D) plasticity

Question 66

Ten-year-old Tyra is obese. Which of the following weight loss programs would be most effective?

A) A program in which Tyra does not have to concern herself with monitoring her calories and exercise.
B) A program that focuses on changing Tyra's eating habits, encouraging her to become more active, and helping her to avoid sedentary behavior.
C) A program that sets very high goals for Tyra's weight loss.
D) A program that teaches Tyra to respond to external cues to start and stop eating.

Question 67

Each neuron consists of

A) a cell body.
B) an axon.
C) dendrites.
D) all of these answers

Question 68

The right hemisphere of the brain controls

A) the perception of spatial relationships.
B) the ability to produce and understand language.
C) planning ability.
D) reasoning ability.

Question 69

After suffering a head injury, Kent began having difficulty planning, and his personality changed. Kent appears to have suffered damage to his brain's

A) right hemisphere.
B) left hemisphere.
C) corpus callosum.
D) frontal cortex.

Question 70

The __________ contains the basic biological machinery that keeps the neuron alive.

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) cell body
D) neural plate

Question 71

In the United States, children over one year of age are most likely to die from

A) acute respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases.
B) birth defects.
C) low birth weight.
D) accidents.

Question 72

The entire nervous system arises from the embryonic structure known as the

A) medulla.
B) neural plate.
C) corpus callosum.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 73

The corpus callosum

A) is the wrinkled surface of the brain.
B) is a tube-like structure at one end of a neuron.
C) is a thick bundle of neurons that links the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
D) controls personality and the ability to make and carry out plans.

Question 74

Damage to the frontal cortex of the brain is most likely to affect the following functions?

A) understanding and producing language
B) musical ability
C) spatial relations
D) decision making

Question 75

Chemicals that carry information from one neuron to the next are called

A) terminal buttons.
B) synapses.
C) myelin.
D) neurotransmitters.

Question 76

The left hemisphere of the brain controls

A) artistic and musical abilities.
B) the perception of spatial relations.
C) the ability to produce and understand language.
D) the ability to recognize faces.

Question 77

The __________ receives input from neurons, whereas the __________ sends information from other dendrites.

A) dendrite; axon
B) dendrite; cell body
C) axon; cell body
D) axon; dendrite

Question 78

The leading cause of death in young children worldwide is

A) infectious diseases.
B) birth defects.
C) low birth weight.
D) accidents.

Question 79

The production of neurons is virtually complete by

A) 28 weeks after conception.
B) six months of age.
C) three years of age.
D) adolescence.

Question 80

________ is a cell that specializes in receiving and transmitting information.

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) corpus callosum
D) neuron