Deck 2: The Helping Relationship

Question 1

The individual credited with the genesis of the person-centered approach is

A)Norcross.
B)Skinner.
C)Freud.
D)Rogers.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

It is important for helpers to offer congruent or genuine responses to the client in order to

A)model the process of claiming one's truths and speaking about them.
B)foster authenticity and mutuality in the helping relationship.
C)address persistent thoughts or feelings that may block the helper's full acceptance of the client.
D)provide an environment in which all of the above will occur.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All of the following are considered acceptance therapies EXCEPT:

A)Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
B)Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
C)Dialectical Behavior Therapy
D)Motivational Interviewing

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be true about clients who feel cut off from themselves and their experiences and are seeking a sense of wholeness?<

A)They missed out on caring communication and healthy attachment to a caregiver in early life.
B)They have developed narratives (or stories)and conclusions about themselves that are both organized and flexible.
C)They have not achieved enough brain integration to regulate emotions effectively.
D)They have had their experiences and expressions of self denied or judged.

Question 5

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately depict helper empathy?

A)It sounds as though it has been really unsettling for you to change schools as a result of your parents' divorce.
B)You seem really hurt and confused about the break-up with your girlfriend.
C)I'm so sorry to hear about the loss of your grandmother.
D)I imagine that it was pretty difficult to break this news to your family.

Question 6

Research has suggested that helpers are perceived more positively when they engage in __________ self-disclosure.

A)high levels of
B)moderate levels of
C)low levels of
D)no

Question 7

The demonstration of empathic understanding requires the following of the helper:

A)empathic rapport and permeable internal boundaries.
B)empathic rapport and communicative attunement.
C)disconnection from oneself in order to take on the client's feelings.
D)imagining the feelings one would experience in the same or similar experience.

Question 8

Understanding the client's perspectives alone is not sufficient.The helper must also

A)express verbally the helper's sense of understanding of the client.
B)mirror the client's feelings without agreeing,disagreeing,reassuring,or denying.
C)reflect on the immediate process in the helping session.
D)engage in all of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT accurate with respect to feedback statements?

A)Feedback statements should focus on personality traits rather than behaviors
B)According to Hepworth and colleagues (2010),tapes of helping sessions reveal limited helper responses highlighting client strengths and successes.
C)Feedback statements should be constructed using the personal pronoun "I" to communicate acknowledgment and ownership.
D)If the client responds defensively or with denial,this is a clue that the feedback was premature.

Question 10

The concept of core conditions in the therapeutic process refers to

A)the therapeutic relationship.
B)theoretical approach.
C)treatment type.
D)intervention strategies.

Question 11

In a study conducted by Bedi and colleagues (2005),clients highlighted the contribution of active listening,self-disclosure,encouragement,and validation of feelings to the establishment of a strong helping relationship.These client perceptions underscored the importance of __________ in the helping session.

A)what the client says and does
B)what the helper says and does
C)what the client and helper say
D)what the client and helper do

Question 12

Generally,the most productive use of helper disclosure occurs when the focus is on

A)the helper's own issues and facts about the helper's role.
B)the helper's own issues and reactions to the client.
C)facts about the helper's role and the helper's reactions to the helping relationship.
D)the helper's reactions to the client and to the helping relationship.

Question 13

The communication of accurate empathy promotes all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)decreased client exploration
B)decreased premature client termination
C)increased client sense of safety
D)increased client sense of being understood

Question 14

The primary focus of person-centered therapy is __________.

A)examination of behavior patterns that are causing difficulty in the client's life
B)selection of specific intervention strategies that are tailored to the client's needs
C)promotion of a therapeutic alliance characterized by empathy,unconditional positive regard,and congruence
D)exploration of the intrapsychic experience of the client

Question 15

Helper sharing and feedback is most helpful to the client when it is constructed

A)as an indirect and conditional statement acknowledging helper tentativeness.
B)in the past tense with a focus on the 'there' and 'then'.
C)in the present tense with a focus on the 'here' and 'now'.
D)in the future tense with a focus on the 'where' and 'when'.

Question 16

The condition of being honest,transparent,open,and real with the client is known as

A)positive regard.
B)congruence or genuineness.
C)accurate empathy.
D)cultural and relational empathy.

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT apply to the quality of positive regard?

A)It also may be referred to as nonpossessive warmth.
B)It contributes to a long-term working relationship.
C)Neurobiological research has associated the insular cortex with the processing of information related to positive regard.
D)It is reflected in lack of disagreement with the client.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about client hidden shame is FALSE?

A)Hidden shame is unacknowledged,repressed,or defended against.
B)Hidden shame is associated with addiction,aggression,obsessions,narcissism,and depression.
C)Hidden shame is due to excessive parental empathic attunement.
D)Hidden shame tends to lead to self-loathing and/or unprovoked attacks on others.

Question 19

When helpers' unresolved issues get projected onto clients this is referred to as

A)transference.
B)projection.
C)countertransference.
D)projective identification.

Question 20

Identify the most probable sequence of helping experiences with a new client who has a history of discrimination,oppression,or betrayal.

A)client guardedness,testing of helper,sense of safety,sense of trust,disclosure by client
B)disclosure by client,sense of safety,sense of trust,client guardedness,testing of helper
C)testing of helper,sense of trust,client guardedness,disclosure by client,sense of safety
D)sense of safety,sense of trust,disclosure by client,client guardedness,testing of helper

Question 21

Define Rogers's concept of congruence.How does congruence serve to enhance the helping relationship? In what manner might it detract from the helping relationship? How could you apply the steps of awareness and discernment to ensure that congruence is employed therapeutically?

Question 22

Discuss the relevance of cultural and relational empathy to the helping relationship.How is the attainment of cultural and relational empathy facilitated? How does the absence of cultural and relational empathy detract from the helping process?

Question 23

Consider the different forms of helper self-disclosure.Which types of self-disclosing statements are most likely to contribute to the productivity of a helping session? What level of self-disclosure is optimal? When is helper self-disclosure contraindicated?

Question 24

Compare and contrast the concepts of sympathy and accurate empathy.Include definitions of the two constructs,common and differentiating elements,and suggestions as to how counselors can hone their ability to attain and convey empathic understanding.

Question 25

Identify potential causes and impact of,and approaches to addressing client shame in a helping relationship.

Question 26

Explain how the three acceptance therapies described in this chapter promote the development of the therapeutic relationship and client change.

Question 27

Discuss your understanding of the connection between mirror neurons and empathy.Where are mirror neurons located? With what part of the brain do they interact? How do they contribute to the experience of empathy?

Question 28

Imagine that you have identified a person-centered counseling approach as part of your counseling practice.Prepare a brief outline that you might include in your business brochure that would help potential clients understand the basic elements of this approach.