Deck 6: Understanding Community

Question 1

Carol belongs to a spiritual growth group at her religious congregation whose members share many values and meet regularly to support each other emotionally,spiritually,and with practical challenges.These are examples of which element in the McMillan-Chavis four elements of sense of community?

A)influence
B)integration and fulfillment of needs
C)membership
D)shared emotional connection

Answer 1

integration and fulfillment of needs

Question 2

A spiritual bond among members recognized by behavior or speech,and strengthened by shared celebrations and rituals,is what element in the McMillan-Chavis definition of sense of community?

A)influence
B)integration and fulfillment of needs
C)membership
D)shared emotional connection

Answer 2

shared emotional connection

Question 3

Membership,mutual influence,integration and fulfillment of needs,and shared emotional connection,are the four elements of ____ .

A)Cottrell's definition of competent communities
B)the McMillan-Chavis definition of sense of community
C)relational communities
D)Putnam's definition of social capital

Answer 3

the McMillan-Chavis definition of sense of community

Question 4

An on-line chat group,an advocacy group,and a religious congregation are examples of what type of community?

A)relational
B)ideal
C)locality
D)macrosystem

Question 5

The type of community defined by relationships among members,not limited by geography.

A)relational
B)ideal
C)locality
D)microsystem

Question 6

Katherine belongs to a youth group in her town.She describes it as the one place in her life in which others listen to her ideas and where she has a say in group decisions.She also admits that the other group members help shape her views.These are examples of which element in the McMillan-Chavis four elements of sense of community?

A)influence
B)integration and fulfillment of needs
C)membership
D)shared emotional connection

Question 7

Sarason considered this the keystone value for community psychology,and its absence "the most destructive dynamic ...in our society".

A)psychological sense of community
B)respect for human diversity
C)expressive individualism
D)relational community

Question 8

A mutual help group meeting and an elementary school classroom are examples of what level of community?

A)macrosystem
B)organizational
C)locality
D)microsystem

Question 9

A sense of belonging,a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group,and a sense of mutual commitment and interdependence,are one definition of ____ .

A)a microsystem
B)sense of community
C)social capital
D)a locality

Question 10

Sarason defined this concept as a "readily available,mutually supportive network of relationships on which one could depend",and gave families,street gangs,neighbors,and religious and professional organizations as examples.

A)support network
B)community
C)psychological sense of community
D)locality

Question 11

Loaning tools and watching a house for some who is away are examples of:

A)place attachment.
B)citizen participation.
C)neighboring.
D)both 'b' and 'c'

Question 12

Martina belongs to a women's group that she says is very important to her emotionally,and a safe place to share her feelings.The group meets regularly and has had the same members for several years.Among themselves,they call their group The Sisters.These are examples of which element in the McMillan-Chavis four elements of sense of community?

A)influence
B)integration and fulfillment of needs
C)membership
D)shared emotional connection

Question 13

Hill (1996)argued that which of the following should NOT be considered a "community"?

A)a microsystem in which all members know each other
B)a neighborhood within a larger city
C)workplace organizations
D)national sororities and fraternities

Question 14

Relationships that are multidemsional and are valued in their own right,not just as a means to an end,are referred to as:

A)local relationships.
B)gesellschaft relationships.
C)expedient relationships.
D)gemeinshaft relationships.

Question 15

Sense of community has been studied by community psychologists in which of the following contexts?

A)localities
B)community organizations
C)immigrant groups
D)all of the above

Question 16

Shared values among members,and exchange of practical help or emotional support among members,are characteristics of what element in the McMillan-Chavis definition of sense of community?

A)influence
B)integration and fulfillment of needs
C)membership
D)shared emotional connection

Question 17

The type of community based on geographic proximity,such as towns,neighborhoods,and cities.

A)relational
B)geomorphic
C)locality
D)microsystem

Question 18

Members' attraction to a group in which they have a voice,leaders who are responsive to the whole group,and group effects on individual decisions,are characteristics of what element in the McMillan-Chavis definition of sense of community?

A)influence
B)integration and fulfillment of needs
C)membership
D)shared emotional connection

Question 19

Workplaces,civic groups,and religious congregations too large to be considered microsystems are what level of community?

A)macrosystem
B)relational
C)locality
D)organizational

Question 20

Greek sorority letters and religious symbols,individuals' investment of time in the group,and their sense of emotional safety within defined boundaries,are characteristics of what element in the McMillan-Chavis definition of sense of community?

A)influence
B)integration and fulfillment of needs
C)membership
D)shared emotional connection

Question 21

Sense of community is different from social capital as define by Putnam because:

A)sense of community involves localities;social capital does not refer to localities.
B)sense of community refers to emotions and cognitions;social capital refers mainly to social connections.
C)sense of community is informal;social capital refers only to involvement in formal
D)both 'b' and 'c'

Question 22

Diversity and conflict within a community,and external relationships with other communities,are ____ .

A)key elements of the McMillan-Chavis definition of sense of community.
B)issues for defining sense of community.
C)problems that always lessen the sense of community.
D)all of the above

Question 23

The "strength of weak ties" is similar to ____ social capital.

A)bonding
B)bridging
C)formal
D)informal

Question 24

Afrocentric,Alaska Native,North American Indian,and women's practices associated with awareness of a transcendent power but not with Western religious institutions represent ____ as defined in Chapter 6.

A)forms of religion
B)forms of spirituality
C)informal social capital
D)self-help groups

Question 25

The "myth of we" described by Wiesenfeld refers to what?

A)overlooking diversity among community members and subcommunities
B)overlooking the other identities of community members
C)both 'a' and 'b'
D)neither 'a' nor 'b'

Question 26

Social relationships that are NOT emotionally close,but that provide important information or communication,illustrate ____ .

A)bonding social capital
B)formal social capital
C)the "strength of weak ties"
D)informal social capital

Question 27

Organizations that provide a sense of community for individuals,while also enabling them to participate in the life of a wider community or macrosystem,are termed ____ .

A)localities
B)macrosystems
C)mediating structures
D)microsystems

Question 28

Strong social-emotional ties that provide belongingness and support are termed ____ social capital.

A)bonding
B)bridging
C)formal
D)informal

Question 29

Emotional ties to a particular physical setting are termed ____ .

A)place attachment
B)sense of community
C)neighboring
D)social capital

Question 30

Links between different groups or communities,involving persons whose life experiences may be very different,are termed ____ social capital.

A)bonding
B)bridging
C)formal
D)informal

Question 31

In community psychology studies,a positive sense of community has been found to be associated with which of the following?

A)neighboring
B)voter participation
C)individual well-being
D)all of the above

Question 32

Martha feels excluded by others in her neighborhood,and believes that she has little in common with other residents.She is experiencing ____ .

A)macrobelonging
B)negative psychological sense of community
C)shared negative emotional connection
D)a competent community

Question 33

High-rise apartment buildings tend to:

A)increase sense of community because there are a larger number of neighbors.
B)decrease neighboring behaviors.
C)result in residents feeling less safe than in other types of buildings.
D)both 'a' and 'b'.

Question 34

Sense of community is different from place attachment because:

A)sense of community refers only to localities;place attachment could happen anywhere.
B)sense of community involves emotions;place attachment does NOT involve emotions.
C)place attachment always involves a physical place;sense of community may involve a
D)all of the above

Question 35

Sense of community is different from citizen participation because:

A)you can influence community decisions even if you don't have a strong sense of community with others.
B)citizen participation is a behavior,while sense of community also includes emotions.
C)sense of community only applies to informal neighboring,not participation in formal
D)both 'a' and 'b'

Question 36

Sense of community is different from neighboring because:

A)sense of community is a behavior;neighboring includes emotional and cognitive aspects.
B)neighboring is a behavior;sense of community includes emotional and cognitive aspects.
C)neighboring includes participation in formal community organizations;sense of
D)both 'b' and 'c'

Question 37

In community psychology studies,positive sense of community has been found to be associated with which of the following?

A)neighboring
B)recovery from substance abuse
C)adolescent formation of identity
D)all of the above

Question 38

Putnam traced the decline of community involvement in the U.S.to what causes below?

A)generational differences
B)increased work and commuting time
C)television
D)all of the above

Question 39

Sense of community is different from social support because:

A)sense of community is locality-based;social support is NOT locality-based.
B)sense of community may involve a much larger community than a social support network.
C)social support helps a person cope with stress;sense of community does not help a person
D)these two terms are actually identical,not different

Question 40

In public housing neighborhoods,lower levels of crime,higher levels of children's creative play,and children having increased access to adults are all factors associated with:

A)increased police presence.
B)stricter enforcement of rules for residents.
C)a high level of trees,shrubs,and grass.
D)higher rents.

Question 41

What forms of community in the U.S.enjoy more public confidence than any other social institution,involve one-third of volunteering,and contribute more money to community causes than corporations?

A)local governments
B)religious-spiritual institutions
C)local civic or community groups
D)national organizations for youth development

Question 42

Discuss the strengths and limitations of the McMillan-Chavis definition of sense of community.

Question 43

A strength of online social contacts is that:

A)stigmatized individuals can find support.
B)they offer greater choice in building community ties.
C)stereotypes related to appearance are less intrusive.
D)all of the above.

Question 44

Use of spiritual language and symbols,providing a sense of emotional safety and guides for individual behavior,exchange of helping among members,and a shared spiritual connection,are ways that spiritual communities:

A)illustrate bridging social capital.
B)function as self-help groups.
C)promote coping with controllable circumstances.
D)provide the elements of sense of community.

Question 45

Describe five questions or issues for defining sense of community.Give your own examples to support your points.

Question 46

What form of community provides meaning and belongingness for many persons;provides much community service;is valuable for oppressed populations;and challenges mainstream culture?

A)government
B)business
C)religious and spiritual communities
D)online communities

Question 47

A drawback of online social contact is that:

A)anonymity can lead to exploitation.
B)the lack of nonverbal cues complicates communication of emotion.
C)behavioral rules must be built and enforced.
D)all of the above.

Question 48

Because of their importance for expressing meaning and ideals,____ are important in spiritual communities.

A)social supports
B)narratives
C)microbelongings
D)localities

Question 49

Online communities can include which of the following?

A)locality-based listings of jobs,housing,events
B)MOO environments where people create online characters and interact
C)mutual help groups online
D)all of the above

Question 50

Explain the concept of social capital.What does it have to do with community psychology? Give an example of when social capital is important in community life.

Question 51

Define and distinguish between locality and relational communities,and give your own examples of each.

Question 52

Define the four elements of sense of community as defined by McMillan and Chavis.Be specific about all aspects of each element.Provide your own examples of behaviors that illustrate each element.

Question 53

Describe research findings that indicate how sense of community is an important issue now for your society.

Question 54

Define and distinguish between the four levels of community discussed in Chapter 6,and give your own examples.

Question 55

Define and distinguish between sense of community and social capital,and give one strength and one limitation of each concept.