Deck 12: Community and Social Change

Question 1

A local group formed to reduce drunk driving publishes a pledge signed by over a thousand citizens.They also help schools develop effective anti-drinking programs and work with police and local prosecutors to tighten enforcement of drunk driving laws.Which approach to community and social change does this group illustrate?

A)community readiness
B)a community coalition
C)social action
D)an alternative setting

Answer 1

a community coalition

Question 2

Which of the following is one lesson of policy research and advocacy on homelessness?

A)the effectiveness of specific policy advocacy tactics can be clearly measured
B)an indistinct but noticeable change has occurred in the thinking of key decision-makers
C)community coalitions need to conduct research
D)both 'b' and 'c'

Answer 2

an indistinct but noticeable change has occurred in the thinking of key decision-makers

Question 3

The shop-in discussed in Chapter 12 was an example of what approach to community change?

A)consciousness-raising
B)social action
C)community development
D)policy research and advocacy

Answer 3

social action

Question 4

How does the PICO cycle of organizing identify what community issues to address?

A)through review of the social scientific research literature
B)beginning with one-to-one meetings with citizens
C)with the assistance of government social service workers
D)through consulting key community leaders and elected officials

Question 5

Holding group meetings in which individuals become aware of how social power and social conditions influence their lives,and discuss how to change those conditions,is an example of what approach to community change?

A)consciousness-raising
B)social action
C)community development
D)policy advocacy

Question 6

How does the PICO "cycle of organizing" involve reflection on lessons learned,and ideas for the next cycle?

A)an experimental design comparing participants and a control group
B)citizens meet to evaluate the effects of their efforts
C)measurement of immunization rates and other medical records
D)both "b" and "c"

Question 7

Consciousness raising as a strategy for social change is likely to lead to which personal quality of citizen participation discussed in Chapter 11?

A)exercising reward or coercive power
B)feeling powerful
C)critical awareness
D)community readiness

Question 8

A public demonstration,rally,strike or picketing is an example of what approach to community change?

A)consciousness-raising
B)social action
C)community development
D)policy advocacy

Question 9

The block associations aided by the Block Booster Project in Chapter 11,and the Grameen Bank movement that provides economic help to small women's collectives,are examples involving which approach to community and social change?

A)consciousness raising
B)community development
C)policy research and advocacy
D)social action

Question 10

Nina and Wesley are working with a locality on the issue of violence against women.Assessing the overall level of community awareness of this problem,and the extent of existing efforts to address it,illustrate what concept of community change?

A)community development
B)a community coalition
C)community readiness
D)community consultation

Question 11

Which approach to community and social change is the most attentive to how broader social change is connected to personal emotions,thinking,and development?

A)social action
B)consciousness raising
C)community development
D)community coalitions

Question 12

Increasing awareness of power and social issues,strengthening beliefs that citizens working together can make change happen,and engaging with others in actions for change,are goals of which approach to community and social change?

A)social action
B)consciousness raising
C)community development
D)community coalitions

Question 13

Which of the following were elements in the success of the Lexington/Richland Coalition?

A)paid staff and active volunteers,clear values,broad community representation
B)clear values,public accountability meetings to bring citizen pressure on key officials
C)the "shop-in" and similar social action strategies,broad community representation
D)all of the above

Question 14

Key elements of the PICO "cycle of organizing" in low-income communities include which of the following?

A)basing efforts in religious congregations
B)citizens and PICO organization members meet to discuss important community issues
C)carefully planned citizen meetings to confront key decision-makers
D)all of the above

Question 15

The approach to community and social change that often underlies other approaches to change,because it concerns personal awareness of social issues and personal commitment to change.

A)policy research and advocacy
B)community development
C)consciousness raising
D)community empowerment

Question 16

Rita and Roberto are concerned about the lack of city services in their low-income neighborhood,and their religious congregation has helped establish a PICO-based community organization to address these issues.Members of the organization have met with citizens and identified polluted city water in their neighborhood as the most pressing issue.A large number of their neighbors are upset about this public health problem.Rita and Roberto met with city officials,who were not very concerned.In the PICO cycle of organizing,what step below would Rita and Roberto take next?

A)hire an attorney and file a lawsuit
B)schedule one-to-one meetings with citizens to discuss lessons learned
C)schedule an "accountability meeting" of a large number of citizens with a key city official
D)call for formation of a community coalition

Question 17

Community psychologists working on homelessness issues have taken which actions below?

A)research on the causes of homelessness and effectiveness of services for the homeless
B)serving on government task forces,and planning policies and services for the homeless
C)working with homeless persons and their advocates to influence decision-makers
D)all of the above

Question 18

The most successful outcome of policy research and advocacy on homelessness is that key decision-makers in government and other sectors are beginning to ____ .

A)think of homelessness as being due to personal-individual risk factors
B)think of homelessness in terms of access to housing
C)think of homelessness as a problem
D)both 'a' and 'c'

Question 19

Nola and Larkin are concerned about the lack of city services in their low-income neighborhood,and their religious congregation has helped establish a PICO-based community organization to address these issues.That organization now has a small membership and is ready to begin work.In the PICO cycle of organizing,what step below would they take next?

A)one-to-one meetings with neighborhood residents to identify the most pressing issue
B)meet with influential members of the congregation to identify the most pressing issue
C)meet with city officials to identify the most pressing issue
D)schedule an "accountability meeting" of a large number of citizens with a key city official

Question 20

Organizing neighborhood or block associations to pursue improvements in neighborhood life is an example of what approach to community change?

A)consciousness-raising
B)social action
C)community development
D)policy advocacy

Question 21

Elements of effective community change initiatives include:

A)professional expertise/leadership,and a community coalition approach.
B)a long-term perspective,and changes strong enough to make a visible difference.
C)local control and external linkages and resources.
D)both "b" and "c"

Question 22

Discuss how consciousness-raising could be involved in each of the other approaches to community and social change,giving specific examples to support your points.

Question 23

Community betterment involves ____ approaches;community empowerment involves ____ approaches.

A)top-down;bottom-up
B)bottom-up;top-down
C)citizen;professional
D)participant;advocacy

Question 24

Helping to write a plan for a locality to address police-community relations,testifying before a legislative committee considering a new law,and filing a public interest lawsuit,are examples of what approach to community change?

A)consciousness-raising
B)social action
C)community development
D)public policy work

Question 25

Women in Green Ridge established a women's center to serve battered women and victims of sexual assault,because existing services were not adequate.Later,they also formed a wider community board to oppose violence against women,involving women who have been victims of this violence and physicians,nurses,mental health professionals,clergy,and police.These actions illustrate which two approaches to community and social change?

A)an alternative setting,a community coalition
B)an alternative setting,social action
C)community development,organizational consultation
D)community readiness,policy research and advocacy

Question 26

Choose a community problem or issue,and describe how a community coalition could be used to address it.Especially explain who should be represented on the coalition,how the coalition might address different viewpoints on the issue,and how coalition effectiveness could be assessed.

Question 27

Can public policy be used to effectively address the problems of poverty? How?

Question 28

Ralph,Renee and Maria are community psychologists.Ralph works with school districts to establish and strengthen prevention programs.Renee works with employers to address employee conflicts between family life and work.Maria trains members of community organizations in how to strengthen participation by their members.These all illustrate which approach to community and social change?

A)community coalitions
B)consciousness raising
C)community development
D)organizational consultation

Question 29

Elements of effective community change initiatives include:

A)professional expertise/leadership.
B)changes strong enough to make a visible difference.
C)external linkages and resources.
D)both "b" and "c"

Question 30

A community coalition for health promotion seeks assistance and money from outside its community,while making its own choices of actions and goals.This represents which two elements of effective community change initiatives?

A)long-term perspective;strengthening sense of community
B)plausible theory of change;strengthening sense of community
C)multiple areas of action;local control
D)external linkages and resources;local control

Question 31

Elements of effective community change initiatives include multiple areas of action,local control,and:

A)a plausible theory of change.
B)policy research and advocacy.
C)community betterment.
D)all of the above

Question 32

A community coalition to promote positive youth development develops programs for recreation,mentoring for students to improve grades,and training for families in conflict resolution.This represents which element of effective community change initiatives?

A)local control
B)long-term perspective
C)multiple areas of action
D)strengthening sense of community

Question 33

Women's centers,many mutual help groups,the Community Lodge residences for persons with mental illnesses (Chapter 5),and the Oxford House residences to promote recovery from substance abuse (Chapter 1),all began as examples of what approach to community and social change?

A)community coalitions
B)alternative settings
C)community development
D)organizational consultation

Question 34

A community coalition for drug abuse prevention has decided on its goals and on a plan for how to accomplish those goals,based on members' experiences and fact-finding.This represents which element of effective community change initiatives?

A)a long-term perspective
B)a plausible theory of change
C)external linkages and resources
D)strengthening sense of community

Question 35

Describe and give examples of five approaches to community and social change that were presented in Chapter 12.Suggest a strength and a limitation of each approach.

Question 36

Psychologists who work for organizations such as the National Mental Health Association or Children's Defense Fund,serve on a government commission,write "friend of the court" briefs concerning public interest lawsuits,or work as staff for elected officials,illustrate which approach to community and social change?

A)organizational consultation
B)public policy work
C)alternative settings
D)social action

Question 37

Describe and give examples of the elements of effective community change initiatives presented in Chapter 12.

Question 38

Elements of effective community change initiatives include effective community actions,multiple areas of action,strengthening sense of community,and:

A)changes strong enough to make a visible difference.
B)a short-term perspective.
C)community betterment.
D)all of the above

Question 39

Choose and briefly describe a community or social issue.Then discuss three approaches to addressing that problem,using concepts from Chapter 12,and giving specific examples to support your points.