Deck 16: B: Therapies

Question 1

Thanks to the _________________ movement,the vast majority of mental institutions in the Canada have been closed.

A)deinstitutionalization
B)in-patient
C)empirically supported treatment
D)therapeutic alliance

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following has been a side effect of moving the treatment of mental illness from inpatient to outpatient care?

A)Psychiatric hospitals have become more inhumane.
B)Crime rates have increased greatly.
C)Homelessness has become a major problem for the mentally ill.
D)There have not been any negative side effects from moving to outpatient treatment.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists?

A)Clinical psychologists have a PhD and counseling psychologists have a PsyD.
B)Clinical psychologists have a PsyD and counseling psychologists have a PhD.
C)Clinical psychologists treat a range of psychological problems from minor to severe,whereas counseling psychologists do not typically treat people with severe disorders.
D)There is no difference between the two types of psychologists.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Physicians who specialize in mental health and diagnose and treat mental disorders primarily through prescribing medications that influence brain chemistry are called

A)psychiatrists.
B)clinical psychologists.
C)medical psychologists.
D)biopsychologists.

Question 5

In some provinces,__________________ can be certified to practice if they hold a master's degree.

A)psychiatrists
B)counseling psychologists
C)medical doctors
D)clinical psychologists

Question 6

A major goal of modern inpatient psychiatric treatment is

A)keeping people with mental illness out of the community for as long as possible.
B)permanently curing mental illness.
C)quickly returning patients to society.
D)punishing the criminally insane.

Question 7

According to your textbook,two of the major barriers to mental health treatment are

A)time and money.
B)a lack of therapists and racism.
C)rigid diagnostic criteria for mental illness and insurance companies.
D)pharmaceutical companies and medical lobbyists.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the regulation of psychological therapy?

A)Psychotherapies must be proven safe before they can be used.
B)Psychotherapies must be proven effective before they can be used.
C)Psychotherapies must be empirically supported before they can be used.
D)There is relatively little oversight over which non-biological therapies can be used.

Question 9

Dr.Snider has a PsyD degree and works in a hospital,where she diagnoses and treats patients with severe psychological disorders,such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Dr.Snider is a

A)psychiatrist.
B)research psychologist.
C)clinical psychologist.
D)counseling psychologist.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the stigma associated with psychological disorders?

A)While a mental illness stigma exists,it is not a major barrier to seeking treatment.
B)The stigma around psychological disorders is justified,given the danger and unpredictable nature of the mentally ill.
C)There is no real stigma associated with psychological disorders.
D)While the stigma around mental illness is not justified,seeking treatment for mental illness can lead to discrimination.

Question 11

The movement which returned people from mental institutions to their communities and families and enabled them to receive treatment on an outpatient basis is referred to as

A)deinstitutionalization.
B)in-patient.
C)empirically supported treatment.
D)therapeutic alliance.

Question 12

Which of the following is most likely to result in a person being required to receive court-ordered treatment?

A)driving under the influence of alcohol
B)6 months of major depression
C)believing you were abducted by aliens
D)a desire to undergo sex reassignment surgery

Question 13

Perceived gender roles often result in

A)men seeking help for mental illness less frequently than women.
B)women seeking help for mental illness less frequently than men.
C)men experiencing more severe symptoms of mental illness than women.
D)women experiencing more severe symptoms of mental illness than men.

Question 14

Today,people in need of serious,long-term care often live in _________________ centers,which are a humane alternative to the asylums of the past.

A)deinstitutionalization
B)residential treatment
C)insight
D)therapeutic alliance

Question 15

If you or a family member were suffering from a severe mental illness,you would be most likely to be treated by a(n)_____________ psychologist.

A)research
B)counseling
C)academic
D)clinical

Question 16

Rihanna goes to a mental health professional for help with her depression.While waiting for the therapist,she notices the medical degree hanging on the wall in the office.At the end of the session,the therapist writes Rihanna a prescription for an antidepressant drug.Rihanna's therapist is a

A)clinical social worker.
B)psychiatrist.
C)clinical psychologist.
D)counseling psychologist.

Question 17

Which of the following mental health professionals is most likely to have either a PhD or a PsyD and diagnose and treat mental health problems ranging from the everyday to the chronic and severe?

A)clinical psychologist
B)research psychologist
C)psychiatrist
D)counseling psychologist

Question 18

Which of the following professionals is trained as a physician and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?

A)clinical psychologist
B)clinical social worker
C)mental health counselor
D)psychiatrist

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding court-ordered treatments?

A)Middleclass Americans are most likely to receive involuntary treatment.
B)Individuals who are lower in socioeconomic status are more likely to receive involuntary treatment.
C)Individuals who are higher in socioeconomic status are more likely to receive involuntary treatment.
D)The rates of involuntary treatment are unrelated to economic,racial,and ethnic factors.

Question 20

Which area of psychology focuses on identifying how an individual's mental health is influenced by factors such as the neighborhood,economics,and social groups?

A)local psychology
B)holistic psychology
C)clinical psychology
D)community psychology

Question 21

Therapeutic alliance refers to

A)the combined effectiveness of psychotherapy and pharmaceuticals.
B)a professional organization of clinical psychologists,counseling psychologists,and social workers.
C)the relationship that emerges between patient and therapist during therapy.
D)an organization founded to empirically test the efficacy and safety of various psychotherapies.

Question 22

What category of therapy is most concerned with improving a client's awareness of the underlying causes of his or her difficulties?

A)behavioural
B)biological
C)cognitive
D)insight

Question 23

In interpreting a dream,a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's _________ content.

A)latent
B)manifest
C)conscious
D)resistant

Question 24

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people

A)feedback from their biologically controlled responses.
B)help in understanding perceptual processes.
C)basic training in observational learning and practice.
D)clearer understanding of their feelings,motivations,and actions.

Question 25

Laura has had many different jobs,but she always does something to get herself fired.After about fifteen therapy sessions,during which she explores her earliest memories,she has an insight.She comes to believe that sabotaging her jobs is her way of expressing anger toward her father,who had always put his job before his family.What method of therapy is Laura most likely engaged in?

A)psychoanalysis
B)behaviour therapy
C)cognitive therapy
D)humanist therapy

Question 26

According to your textbook,analysis of several studies investigating the effectiveness of the self-help book Feeling Good suggests that self-help books probably have

A)no effect.
B)a negative (detrimental)effect.
C)a large positive effect.
D)a positive effect,but the effect seems small.

Question 27

Lindsay has been experiencing a great deal of stress during her first year of college.She checks out a book from the library which promises to help people find strategies for reducing stress.Lindsay plans to engage in

A)bibliotherapy.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)person-centered therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 28

Freud believed that patients could not identify their psychological conflicts without the help of a therapist.This was primarily because Freud believed that

A)non-psychiatrists do not have the training to understand their own psychology.
B)people are not aware of their psychological conflicts because they are located in the unconscious mind.
C)most people are too busy to think about their internal motivations and conflicts.
D)people are too biased to objectively assess their mental state on their own.

Question 29

Starting in the 1970s,a program called Scared Straight exposed at-risk youth to the harsh reality of prison life.According to your textbook,which of the following is true about this program?

A)It reduced crime rates among troubled youth by 65%.
B)The program did not reduce the risk of incarceration and may have been harmful.
C)Many participants actually came to believe that prison life was preferable to life at home.
D)The program worked,but the effect was small.

Question 30

A _____________ is a statistical method that helps researchers to combine the findings from several research studies.

A)meta-analysis
B)beta-analysis
C)correlation
D)standard deviation

Question 31

Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes.After a few minutes of relaxing,the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences.Bart is experiencing the therapeutic technique of

A)active confrontation.
B)transference.
C)free association.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 32

According to Sigmund Freud,when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream,you recall the dream's

A)latent content.
B)deep meaning.
C)surface meaning.
D)manifest content.

Question 33

Sigmund Freud would agree that _______________ may be useful in treating a psychological disorder.

A)systematic desensitization
B)dream analysis
C)flooding
D)exposure treatment

Question 34

Carlita has just come from her first therapy session.To better understand Carlita's generalized anxiety,the therapist asked her to talk about her childhood experiences and interactions with her parents and has asked her to keep a dream journal for the next several weeks.With which orientation is this approach most consistent?

A)behavioural
B)eclectic
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Question 35

In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?

A)behavioural
B)cognitive-behavioural
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Question 36

Free association is a technique used in ___________ therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)family
C)person-centered
D)cognitive-behavioural

Question 37

Treatments that have been tested using sound research designs and have been found to be both safe and effective are called

A)bibliotherapies.
B)empirically supported treatments.
C)psychotherapies.
D)insight therapies.

Question 38

Julio tells his therapist that he dreamt of a large blue monster that was about to eat him.His therapist interpreted this dream as representing Julio's abusive father.According to dream analysis,the manifest content is

A)Julio.
B)Julio's father.
C)the therapist.
D)the large blue monster.

Question 39

Critiques of the empirically supported treatment approach are most likely to state that

A)all psychotherapies are equally effective.
B)the effectiveness of different psychotherapies cannot be tested in the same way drugs are.
C)therapeutic effectiveness can be tested using randomized,double-blind experiments.
D)the therapeutic process is generally simple and straightforward.

Question 40

Empirically supported treatments refer to

A)treatments for which only anecdotal evidence of effectiveness are available.
B)treatments that are effective for all psychological disorders and this effectiveness has been established through rigorous scientific testing.
C)treatments that are effective for specific disorders and this effectiveness has been established through the use of sound research designs.
D)treatments which have been shown to be effective for 100% of people receiving therapy.

Question 41

Carl Rogers believed that _____________ was the cause of psychological health issues,and therefore ____________ was the key to helping clients get over them.

A)unconditional positive regard;conditions of worth
B)conditions of worth;unconditional positive regard
C)resistance;transference
D)transference;resistance

Question 42

According to Freud,the ___________ of the dream refers to the hidden,symbolic meaning of the dream,which,if correctly interpreted,reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder.

A)manifest content
B)free association
C)latent content
D)resistance

Question 43

George begins to project his anxieties and unresolved feelings about his mother onto his therapist.This is what Sigmund Freud would have called

A)free association.
B)resistance.
C)transference.
D)working through.

Question 44

________ client-centered therapy centers on the patient's goals and ways of solving problems.

A)Rogers'
B)Freud's
C)Beck
D)Ellis

Question 45

Client-centered therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

A)insight
B)behaviour
C)cognitive
D)reality

Question 46

Andre's mother acts as if she will be very disappointed in him if he does not become a doctor or a lawyer.Carl Rogers would refer to this as

A)resistance.
B)a condition of worth.
C)unconditional positive regard.
D)transference.

Question 47

Interpersonal therapy has demonstrated success in all but which of the following conditions?

A)anxiety
B)bulimia
C)depression
D)schizophrenia

Question 48

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's client-centered therapy?

A)cognition
B)resistance
C)dream interpretation
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 49

After many sessions of psychodynamic therapy,Dan at some point experiences reluctance to cooperate with his therapist and tends to forget to do what his therapist had suggested to him.Dan is experiencing

A)resistance.
B)desensitization.
C)transference
D)free association.

Question 50

The ultimate goal of humanistic psychotherapy is for people to

A)change their maladaptive behaviours and reactions to challenging situations.
B)change their maladaptive thoughts about themselves and their life circumstances.
C)gain insight and move forward in their seeking of their ultimate potential.
D)uncover the hidden motivations that impact their conscious thoughts and behaviours.

Question 51

Which of the following does humanistic therapy emphasize?

A)the unconscious
B)personal growth
C)errant thought processes
D)dream interpretation

Question 52

Maureen is in therapy because she is very frightened of her father and feels tongue-tied around him.After a few months she begins to feel frightened of her therapist also.According to Freud,this is an example of

A)latency.
B)interpretation.
C)transference.
D)sublimation.

Question 53

Carl Rogers asserts that an effective psychotherapist will

A)actively confront and challenge his or her client's erroneous beliefs.
B)interpret important transference and resistance behaviours for his or her client.
C)provide unconditional positive regard toward his or her client.
D)seek to identify how negative reinforcement is promoting maladaptive behaviours,feelings,and/or thoughts for an individual.

Question 54

An object relations therapist would be least likely to emphasize the importance of unconscious ________ impulses and needs in a therapeutic setting.

A)dependence
B)sexual
C)social
D)status

Question 55

The work of _________________ influenced the contemporary model of interpersonal therapy.

A)Jung and Adler
B)Freud and Horney
C)Sullivan and Klerman
D)Beck and Ellis

Question 56

What is the process by which a patient projects feelings about other individuals onto the psychoanalyst?

A)resistance
B)reactance
C)countertransference
D)transference

Question 57

In client-centered therapy,this nonjudgmental acceptance of all feelings the patient expresses is known as

A)unconditional bipositive regard.
B)unconditional negative regard.
C)unconditional positive regard.
D)unconditional neutral regard.

Question 58

Not all psychodynamic theories focus on repressed sexual and aggressive conflicts.For example,____________ is a type of psychodynamic therapy that focuses primarily on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning.

A)object relations therapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)family therapy
D)client-centered therapy

Question 59

Kelly has been in therapy with Dr.Williams for 2 months when she suddenly starts skipping appointments because she got angry at some of her therapist's questions.Even when in session,she tends to blankly stare at the therapist.This is best explained by

A)free association.
B)resistance.
C)transference.
D)working through.

Question 60

According to your textbook,which of the following is true regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies?

A)Psychodynamic therapies are ineffective in treating psychological disorders.
B)Psychodynamic therapies are extremely effective in treating almost all psychological disorders.
C)The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies has never been scientifically tested.
D)Psychodynamic therapies may be effective for less serious disorders,but does not work well for people with severe mental illness.

Question 61

Estella is afraid of cats.To help her overcome her fear,her mother calmly pets and strokes a cat while Estella is watching.Her mother encourages her to imitate her behaviour.Estella's mother is using

A)systematic desensitization.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)flooding.
D)modelling.

Question 62

Cherise finds out that she is being transferred to an office located on the tenth floor of a building.The problem is that she fears heights so much that she never goes above the third floor in any building.Her therapist teaches her how to relax deeply while imagining looking out over a balcony.As her therapy progresses,Cherise imagines herself on higher and higher floors.This technique is called

A)systematic desensitization.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)flooding.
D)transference.

Question 63

________ allows psychotherapists to place persons in situations to confront and eliminate their fears that would either be infeasible or difficult to do in real life.

A)Exposure therapy
B)Flooding
C)Aversive conditioning
D)Virtual reality exposure therapy

Question 64

Trina attempts to overcome her fear of clowns by learning how to shift from a feeling of tension to one of calm and relaxation.Next,she is asked to imagine different situations,each more anxiety-provoking than the previous.She only proceeds to the next situation if she can maintain her feeling of relaxation.Trina's therapist is using ________ to remove her fear.

A)exposure therapy
B)modeling
C)client-centered therapy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 65

Miranda is in treatment for alcoholism,and her doctor has prescribed Antabuse,which will make her vomit after drinking alcohol.Why might this not be an effective treatment for Miranda?

A)Miranda quit drinking months ago.
B)Miranda has to want to stop drinking.
C)Miranda has other problems beyond alcoholism.
D)Miranda will simply not take the Antabuse.

Question 66

Which therapeutic technique uses punishment and other strategies to create a negative response to a stimulus?

A)flooding
B)aversive conditioning
C)systematic desensitization
D)electroconvulsive therapy

Question 67

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used?

A)Joe has been depressed for two years.
B)Ken is sexually attracted to young children.
C)As a result of schizophrenia,David does not interact with members of his family.
D)A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor.

Question 68

Research discussed in your textbook suggests that virtual reality exposure therapy might help

A)suicidal adolescents.
B)girls and young women with negative body-image issues.
C)people with substance abuse problems.
D)soldiers returning from combat with PTSD.

Question 69

Jenny was been bitten by several dogs when she was younger.As an adult,Jenny has an extreme phobia for dogs,and begins to shake if she even sees a dog.Using the language of classical conditioning,dogs have become a

A)unconditioned stimulus.
B)unconditioned response.
C)conditioned stimulus.
D)conditioned response.

Question 70

Thanks to new computer technology,virtual reality devices permit behaviour therapists to conduct _______________ in their offices.

A)free association
B)transference
C)exposure therapy
D)unconditional positive regard

Question 71

Which method of treating phobias involves relaxation and exposure to the feared object?

A)aversive conditioning
B)punishment
C)flooding
D)systematic desensitization

Question 72

Rhona's therapist is attempting to treat her agoraphobia by riding the subway with her during rush hour on the first day of treatment.The therapist is most likely doing this as part of a treatment known as

A)systematic desensitization.
B)aversive conditioning.
C)flooding.
D)transference

Question 73

Systematic desensitization is specifically designed to help a person to deal with his or her

A)depression.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)phobia.
D)psychopathic personality.

Question 74

Which type of therapy is based on using learning principles,such as classical conditioning?

A)behavioural
B)insight
C)psychoanalysis
D)client-centered

Question 75

Who of the following is LEAST likely to benefit from insight therapy?

A)a middle-aged mother of two
B)a 20-something mailroom clerk
C)a man who has been experiencing panic attacks
D)a 6-year-old with intellectual disabilities

Question 76

Juan is so afraid of germs that he wears gloves when opening doors.He is encouraged by his therapist to imitate a person in a video who demonstrates opening a door,step-by-step,without wearing gloves.Which technique is his therapist using?

A)flooding
B)modelling
C)systematic desensitization
D)aversive conditioning

Question 77

Exposure,cognitive restructuring,and stress inoculation training are techniques associated with

A)cognitive-behavioural therapy.
B)client-centered therapy.
C)family therapy.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 78

Cognitive-behavioural therapists would argue that anxiety and mood disorders are largely the result of

A)conditional positive regard.
B)negative cognitions.
C)maladaptive behaviours.
D)unresolved childhood issues.

Question 79

In behaviour therapy,distressing symptoms are seen as

A)the result of learning.
B)the result of your unconscious impulses.
C)a chemical imbalance.
D)an indicator of neurophysiological abnormalities.

Question 80

Psychologists who practice behavioural therapy focus on the client's

A)unconscious anxieties.
B)relationships with parents.
C)potential for growth.
D)current behaviour and attitudes.