Deck 15: B: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Kendra is a 10-year-old musical prodigy.If she hears a piece of music once,she can play it perfectly on the piano from memory.Kendra's abilities would be accurately described using which of the following terms?

A)abnormal
B)unusual
C)maladaptive
D)stigmatized

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Any pattern of behaviour that causes people significant distress,increases the risk of injury or death,and/or harms their ability to function in daily life is called

A)maladaptive.
C)stress syndrome.
D)adaptive behaviour.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Dr.Nwoambi is an American psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client.Dr.Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B)Physician's Desk Reference
C)Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D)Manual of Psychological and Behavioural Disorders

Answer 3

A

Question 4

People with _________ disorders have an excessively rigid,maladaptive pattern of behaviour and ways of relating to others.

A)personality
B)mood
C)affective
D)schizophrenic

Question 5

The psychological study of mental illness is most accurately referred to as

A)abnormal psychology.
B)biopsychosocial psychology.
C)maladaptive psychology.
D)medical psychology

Question 6

In a famous study discussed in your textbook,eight normal individuals were committed to a psychiatric hospital after claiming that they were experiencing hallucinations.Which of the following happened next?

A)The hospital staff continued to view them as abnormal,despite the fact that they had no symptoms.
B)The hospital staff realized that they had been faking their original symptoms.
C)Being in the psychiatric hospital caused them to develop real psychological symptoms after several days.
D)They quickly quit the study because the conditions in the psychiatric hospital were so poor.

Question 7

If a therapist thinks about psychological disorders in the same general way a physician thinks about diseases,the therapist is primarily applying the ______________ model to understand mental illness.

A)diagnostic
B)biopsychosocial
C)maladaptive
D)medical

Question 8

Melissa was recently diagnosed as suffering from bipolar disorder.When her coworkers find out,they stop inviting her to get drinks after work,and her boss promotes several less qualified employees ahead of her.The most likely cause of Melissa's treatment is

A)the M'Naghten effect.
B)the stigma associated with mental illness.
C)her coworkers confusing "unusual" behaviour for "abnormal" behaviour.
D)her coworkers confusing bipolar and unipolar disorder.

Question 9

When comparing individuals from a variety of cultures who have been diagnosed with PTSD,researchers have found that

A)individuals from Western and Eastern cultures experience the same physiological,cognitive,and emotional symptoms.
B)individuals from Western cultures experience different physiological,cognitive,and emotional symptoms,compared to those from Eastern cultures.
C)individuals from Western cultures experience the same physiological symptoms as those from Eastern cultures,but experience different cognitive and emotional symptoms.
D)individuals from Western cultures experience the same cognitive and emotional symptoms as those from Eastern cultures,but experience different physiological symptoms.

Question 10

Stigmatization is often an unintended result of

A)outpatient treatment for psychological disorders.
B)using the dimensional view instead of the categorical view to diagnosis mental illness.
C)applying the medical model.
D)labeling individuals as suffering from a psychological disorder.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the argument for the use of labels applied to psychological disorders?

A)There are no recognized negative side effects associated with the use of labels for psychological disorders.
B)Labels provide an alternative to the DSM system for diagnosing mental illness.
C)Using labels reduces the stigma associated with mental illness.
D)Labels are often necessary for identifying and treating specific psychological disorders.

Question 12

The primary purpose of the DSM-Vis to

A)help psychologists assess only normal behaviour.
B)keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C)help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
D)describe the causes of common physiological disorders.

Question 13

DSM stands for

A)Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual.
B)Deviance and Sadism Manual.
C)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
D)Developmental Sickness Model.

Question 14

Research indicates that one way to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness is to

A)remove individuals with mental illness from the general population.
B)increase knowledge of biopsychosocial explanations of mental illness.
C)reduce unnecessary concern by limiting the public's exposure to topics related to mental illness.
D)require people diagnosed with mental illness to notify their employers.

Question 15

The ________ rule is a test of legal insanity that came from an 1843 British trial.

A)Irresistible Impulse
B)Durham
C)M'Naghten
D)ALI

Question 16

Jonah's therapist tells him that his depression is likely the result of several factors,including having a genetic predisposition to depression,a pessimistic personality,and a chaotic family life.This view of depression is an example of the _______________ model.

A)many-factor
B)biopsychosocial
C)maladaptive
D)medical

Question 17

The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 are based on a __________ approach.

A)biological
B)biopsychosocial
C)psychological
D)social and cultural

Question 18

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the intersection of the mental health and legal industries?

A)The insanity defense is raised in less than 1% of all criminal trials,and is only successful about 20% of the time.
B)"Insanity" is a psychological/psychiatric term.
C)The serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer was famously found not guilty by reason of insanity.
D)The precedent for the insanity defense is a trial that occurred in the 1970s.

Question 19

The etiology of a psychological disorder refers to its

A)formal classification.
B)symptoms.
C)origins or causes.
D)treatment.

Question 20

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behaviour that creates a great deal of

A)distress.
B)attention.
C)distraction.
D)disapproval.

Question 21

What general category of psychological disorders is characterized by a disruption in one's complete and unified sense of conscious awareness,memory,and identity?

A)anxiety disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)personality disorders
D)schizophrenia

Question 22

Cindy craves the attention of everyone around her.The few friends that she has admit that Cindy is "full of herself," and acts like she is better than everyone else.When Cindy had sex with her best friend's boyfriend,she felt no remorse.Which personality disorder would Cindy be most likely to be diagnosed with?

A)borderline
B)avoidant
C)narcissistic
D)dependent

Question 23

Marty is moody,often switching from one extreme emotion to its opposite.He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others.Marty is most likely suffering from ______ personality disorder.

A)antisocial
B)avoidant
C)dependent
D)borderline

Question 24

Ned seeks therapy after having recurrent episodes of feeling "detached from himself" for several months,but he has not lost his self-awareness or memory.He notes that he feels like a robot,disconnected from his movements and actions.He also says that sometimes he feels like he "is no longer real." He is most likely suffering from

A)dissociative fugue.
B)dissociative amnesia.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)depersonalization disorder.

Question 25

People with which personality disorder are most likely to be arrested for violent or destructive crimes?

A)antisocial
B)borderline
C)histrionic
D)schizoid

Question 26

Antisocial,paranoid,and schizoid are all types of ________ disorders.

A)mood
B)dissociative
C)personality
D)anxiety

Question 27

Which cluster of personality disorders contains paranoid,schizoid,and schizotypal personality disorders?

A)the anxious and fearful cluster
B)the odd and eccentric cluster
C)the dramatic and emotional cluster
D)the erratic and somatoform cluster

Question 28

A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is most likely to exhibit

A)a charming,self-centered,and manipulative interpersonal style.
B)impulsivity and unpredictability in his or her interactions with others.
C)intense discomfort in most social situations and odd thinking and behaviour patterns.
D)a strong need to be the center of attention in all social situations.

Question 29

The tendency to think in "all-or-none" terms is characteristic of

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)borderline personality disorder.
C)paranoid schizophrenia.
D)a dissociative fugue.

Question 30

After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son,a man disappears.He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there.He appears to be suffering from

A)schizophrenia.
B)a personality disorder.
C)a dissociative disorder.
D)a mood disorder.

Question 31

Self-injury,such as the intentional cutting of one's self,is most closely associated with which personality disorder?

A)antisocial
B)avoidant
C)dependent
D)borderline

Question 32

Which of the following is a sociocultural factor that might contribute to the development of psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder?

A)having a genetic predisposition
B)growing up in a violent neighbourhood
C)unique activity in the limbic system
D)having ADHD

Question 33

A psychiatric patient repeatedly breaks the law,behaves impulsively,and generally demonstrates a disregard for,and violation of,the rights of others.It is most likely that this patient will be diagnosed with

A)borderline personality disorder.
B)antisocial personality disorder.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 34

People with antisocial personality disorder do not respond physiologically in the same manner that other people do.For example,when compared to control participants,they

A)are hyper-responsive to loud sounds and bright lights.
B)have more parasympathetic activation.
C)are over-reactive to stress.
D)show very weak startle responses-such as blinking-when exposed to unpleasant stimuli.

Question 35

Some psychologists believe that histrionic personality disorder occurs when an individual engages in attention seeking to avoid the negative feelings they associate with being unnoticed.This is an example of a ___________ explanation for personality disorders.

A)biological
B)psychological
C)sociocultural
D)comorbid

Question 36

When people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (APD)are exposed to stressful stimuli,such as loud noises or the sudden appearance of an angry face,they react _________________ people without APD.

A)more than
B)less than
C)about the same as
D)faster than

Question 37

Which personality disorder is characterized by excessive attention seeking and dramatic behaviour,including being overly flirtatious?

A)histrionic
B)borderline
C)narcissistic
D)dependent

Question 38

John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments.John explains that he has done nothing wrong-if these people were not so greedy,they would not be so eager to invest in his phony schemes.In his mind,his victims got exactly what they deserved.John's behaviour and attitude are typical of someone with ________ personality disorder.

A)schizoid
B)schizotypal
C)histrionic
D)antisocial

Question 39

A dissociative disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of memory for personal information that is usually associated with a stressful or emotionally traumatic experience is known as

A)dissociative identity disorder.
B)depersonalization disorder.
C)dissociative amnesia.
D)dissociative fugue.

Question 40

The presence of at least two distinct personalities is characteristic of

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)dissociative amnesia.
C)dissociative identity disorder.
D)schizophrenia.

Question 41

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when,without warning,her heart begins racing rapidly,she starts sweating profusely,and she is gripped with a terrifying fear that she is about to go crazy.Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode.Her symptoms most resemble

A)a phobic disorder.
B)a panic attack.
C)post-traumatic stress.
D)a compulsion

Question 42

From an evolutionary perspective,humans would be most likely to develop a phobia to which of the following?

A)atomic weapons
B)guns
C)snakes
D)house cats

Question 43

People who suffer from panic attacks often also experience

A)obsessions.
B)paranoia.
C)agoraphobia.
D)compulsions.

Question 44

Which of the following is most likely to be cited by psychologists as a reason to be skeptical about dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A)PET scan studies of people diagnosed with DID
B)a steep increase in DID rates from the 1970s to 1990s
C)evidence for memory dissociation in those diagnosed with DID
D)the association between DID and stressful events

Question 45

A disorder marked by the apparent appearance within one person of two or more personalities,each with its own name and distinctive traits,is called _____________ disorder.

A)dissociative identity
B)personality
C)bipolar
D)schizophrenia

Question 46

Skeptics of dissociative identity disorder (DID)argue that

A)DID should really be referred to as schizophrenia
B)it should be easy to test objectively the validity of DID.
C)DID is likely caused by traumatic experiences.
D)some therapists actually provoke dissociative symptoms during therapy.

Question 47

One explanation for _____________ disorders is that the body's flight-or-fight response is overactive.

A)mood
B)anxiety
C)personality
D)schizophrenic

Question 48

Jarrod fears leaving his apartment during daylight hours even for a short walk to get his mail.His diagnosis would most likely belong in the category of __________ disorders.

A)mood
B)personality
C)anxiety
D)impulse-control

Question 49

While each panic attack is different,the symptoms of a panic attack often peak in less than

A)3 minutes.
B)10 minutes.
C)30 minutes.
D)45 minutes.

Question 50

Leo worries all of the time.He worries about his money,his children,and his dog.He cannot identify the specific source of his worry,but rather feels an overall sense of constant concern.Leo's symptoms sound most like

A)panic disorder
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)a dissociative disorder

Question 51

______________ disorders are characterized by fear or nervousness that is excessive,irrational,and maladaptive.

A)Anxiety
B)Personality
C)Mood
D)Dissociative

Question 52

Agoraphobia is an intense fear of

A)clowns.
B)having a panic attack in a public place.
C)developing a mental illness.
D)being responsible for the death of another.

Question 53

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobias?

A)Phobias are linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
B)Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobias are not linked to a specific trigger.
C)Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder,while phobias are considered mood disorders.
D)Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder,while phobias are considered dissociative disorders.

Question 54

Shelby is concerned that she is spending too much of her day worrying about things that are out of her control.She often feels tense,even in situations where there is nothing that is directly threatening her safety.If you were a clinical psychologist,you would be trying to determine if Shelby meets the criteria for

A)agoraphobia.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)major depression.
D)social phobia.

Question 55

People who have a(n)__________ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others,so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing.

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)social phobia
C)specific phobia
D)interactive phobia

Question 56

Manny has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months.He is probably suffering from a

A)panic disorder.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)personality disorder.
D)phobia.

Question 57

Davis has such an intense,irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town.Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)a phobia.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 58

Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her abnormal psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders.If you were a student in that class,what general category of disorders would you expect her to mention as one of the most frequently diagnosed psychological disorders?

A)anxiety disorders
B)dissociative disorders
C)personality disorders
D)schizophrenia

Question 59

Which of the following disorders is the most controversial diagnosis?

A)dissociative identity disorder
B)histrionic personality disorder
C)narcissistic personality disorder
D)schizophrenia

Question 60

Anxiety is associated with physiological responses such as a racing heart and increased respiration.Which of the following is true about these physiological changes?

A)they are always a sign of mental illness
B)they are always maladaptive
C)they are an important part of the fight-or-flight response
D)they are always adaptive

Question 61

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding suicide?

A)Suicide is far more likely among men than it is among women.
B)Suicide is far more likely among children that it is among adults.
C)Adolescents are at a greater risk of suicide than the elderly.
D)Americans of Hispanic decent are at the highest risk for suicide.

Question 62

Prolonged periods of sadness,feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness,social withdrawal,and cognitive and physical sluggishness best describes which disorder?

A)major depression
B)OCD
C)bipolar disorder
D)DID

Question 63

A strong,intense fear of being in public or performing behaviours in public might be characteristic of

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)social anxiety disorder.

Question 64

Sandra is suffering from major depression.She is convinced that she will always be unhappy and her life will never change.Which of the three elements of the depressive explanatory style does this illustrate?

A)globalizing
B)internalizing
C)stabilizing
D)unstabilizing

Question 65

One biological explanation for depression is that an overactive ______________ responds strongly to emotions and sends signals that lead to a decrease in ______________ activity.

A)caudate;brainstem
B)brainstem;caudate
C)limbic system;frontal cortex
D)frontal cortex;limbic system

Question 66

Each day,while Sid is sitting at his desk at work,he continually thinks about germs.Each time this occurs,he washes his hands.Sid probably suffers from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)panic disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 67

Sierra is constantly worried that everyone whom she comes in contact with is full of germs,so she is constantly rushing off to wash her hands.Sierra may suffer from which psychological disorder?

A)clinical depression
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)social phobia
D)paranoid schizophrenia

Question 68

Which of the following is an example of the "vicious cycle" of anxiety disorders?

A)a child inherits a gene for anxiety from her parents
B)a person with severe anxiety makes himself feel better by starting fights
C)a man who was sexually abused as a child develops anxiety as an adult.
D)a women with social phobia notices every little mistake she makes in front of others,which makes her more anxious

Question 69

__________ is a disorder in which a person experiences episodes of mania and depression.

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Major depression
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Borderline personality disorder

Question 70

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between

A)depression and mania.
B)depression and schizophrenia.
C)mania and schizophrenia.
D)anxiety and mania.

Question 71

According to your textbook,which of the following is true regarding sociocultural factors and the development of mood disorders,particularly depression?

A)Depression is caused almost exclusively by sociocultural factors.
B)Sociocultural factors do not appear to influence the development of depression.
C)Sociocultural factors interact with biological and cognitive factors to influence depression.
D)Researchers have not yet investigated the role of sociocultural factors in the development of depression.

Question 72

Which of the following is a mood disorder?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)multiple personality disorder
C)narcissistic personality disorder
D)bipolar disorder

Question 73

The depressive explanatory style is characterized by which three elements?

A)externalizing,unstabilizing,globalizing
B)internalizing,stabilizing,globalizing
C)externalizing,stabilizing,localizing
D)internalizing,unstabilizing,localizing

Question 74

What mood disorder is characterized by alterations between periods of extremely high levels and extremely low levels of activity?

A)bipolar disorder
B)major depression
C)OCD
D)dissociative fugue

Question 75

Kayla has experienced a decrease in the need for sleep for the past three nights,is extremely talkative and sexually charged,and has been very irresponsible with money during this time.Kayla is in the midst of a(n)

A)dissociated amnesiac episode.
B)major depressive episode.
C)manic episode.
D)obsessive episode.

Question 76

During the day,Barb suffers from frequent,unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken.These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a

A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.

Question 77

Research into demographic differences in the rates of major depression,or clinical depression as it is often called,suggests that

A)men and woman have similar rates of diagnosis in the United States.
B)men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in the United States.
C)men are less likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in the United States.
D)there are no age,gender,or racial differences in the prevalence of the disorder in the United States.

Question 78

People with OCD often develop ____________ in response to ______________.

A)agoraphobia;anxiety
B)anxiety;agoraphobia
C)an obsession;a specific compulsion
D)a compulsion;a specific obsession

Question 79

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?

A)GABA,endorphins,and serotonin
B)acetylcholine,serotonin,and GABA
C)dopamine,serotonin,and norepinephrine
D)norepinephrine,acetylcholine,and serotonin

Question 80

Mr.Carpenter is constantly afraid that he is going to oversleep and be late for work.As a result,he spends nearly an hour total each night making certain that his alarm clock is correctly set and saying "It's set,it's set,it's set" each of the times he checks it.This repetitive action is what clinical psychologists refer to as a

A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.