Deck 4: D: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensation at all in a person is the _______.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)minimum threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_______ studies the relationship between physical energies and psychological experiences.

A)Physiology
B)Psychophysics
C)Psychometrics
D)Psychopathology

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Sensation is to _______ as perception is to _______.

A)psychological;physical
B)gathering;understanding
C)understanding;gathering
D)interpreting;detecting

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time is called the __________.

A)separation threshold
B)difference threshold
C)response threshold
D)absolute threshold

Question 5

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor struck several tuning forks,each of which vibrated at a distinct pitch,and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.The doctor was testing Ann's __________.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 6

The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensations at all in a person is the ____________.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)minimum threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 7

Figure-ground is to _______ as dream interpretation is to psychoanalysis.

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)Gestalt
D)humanism

Question 8

The process whereby we receive information from the environment through our receptors is _______.

A)encoding
B)perception
C)sensation
D)transduction

Question 9

Sensation is

A)the organization of stimuli to create meaningful patterns.
B)the stimulation of the senses.
C)the presence of sensory cell activity in the absence of external stimulation.
D)the result of activity in the efferent nervous system.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a measure of threshold?

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference
D)separation threshold

Question 11

Dr.Delmar wants to determine how loud a certain noise must be in order for it to be heard from a distance of 50 feet.Her question involves the concept of:

A)relative magnitude.
B)difference threshold.
C)absolute threshold.
D)just noticeable difference (JND).

Question 12

Experiencing MEANINGFUL patterns in the jumble of sensory information received by the brain is _______.

A)sensation
B)perception
C)adaptation
D)transduction

Question 13

Which Gestalt principle of form perception must always occur even if other principles are also illustrated?

A)figure-ground
B)similarity
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Only the difference threshold varies from person to person.
B)Only the absolute threshold is constant for all people.
C)Both the difference threshold and the absolute threshold are constant for all people at all times.
D)Both the absolute threshold and the difference threshold vary from person to person over time.

Question 15

Perceiving incomplete objects as complete define:

A)figure-ground.
B)similarity.
C)proximity.
D)closure.

Question 16

If a researcher wanted to know how loudly a person must speak in order to be heard above the noise of two other simultaneous conversations,the researcher would likely measure the ________.

A)difference threshold
B)marginal intensity
C)relative magnitude
D)absolute threshold

Question 17

Elements that share common features such as size,shape,or colour are viewed as a set.This defines which Gestalt law of organization?

A)figure-ground
B)similarity
C)proximity
D)closure

Question 18

The relation between the amount of physical energy in a stimulus and the sensory experience of that stimulus is studied by:

A)encoding psychology.
B)psychophysics.
C)sensory physiology.
D)transduction psychology.

Question 19

_______ theory was developed to isolate separate measures of sensory sensitivity and decision criteria used.

A)Method of limits
B)Method adjustment
C)Signal-detection
D)Method of constant stimuli

Question 20

Our ________ enable us to make sense of the sensations that we are continually experiencing.

A)sensory organs
B)motor abilities
C)perceptual abilities
D)sensory abilities

Question 21

Adaptation is the process in which

A)receptor cells become linked to one another.
B)receptor sensitivity changes depending upon the intensity of the stimulus.
C)visual acuity improves as one centres an object's light on the fovea.
D)nonspectral colours can be seen.

Question 22

The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the __________.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)lens
D)retina

Question 23

Perceptions differ from sensations in that:

A)perceptions depend as much on prior experience as they do on neural cues travelling between receptors and the brain.
B)perceptions are purely psychological,whereas sensations are purely neural.
C)each sensation is actually a large set of perceptions.
D)sensations depend mostly on learning,whereas perceptions are innate processes.

Question 24

The process by which rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination is called _______.

A)afterimage resolution
B)light adaptation
C)dark adaptation
D)afterimage adaptation

Question 25

The range of electromagnetic wavelengths that we can see is called the

A)visible spectrum.
B)acuity range.
C)visual field.
D)visual angle.

Question 26

If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper,you will see a greenish image of the object.This phenomenon best supports the

A)Young-Helmholtz opponent-process theory of colour vision.
B)Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of colour vision.
C)Hering opponent-process theory of colour vision.
D)Hering trichromatic theory of colour vision.

Question 27

Light is focused on the retina by the _______.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)iris
D)lens

Question 28

Rods and cones are found in the _______.

A)retina
B)iris
C)optic nerve
D)cornea

Question 29

________ are receptors that are best for seeing details.

A)Cones
B)Rods
C)Bipolar cells
D)Ganglion cells

Question 30

Gestalt theorists propose that much of what we see is divided into:

A)proximal and distal.
B)figure and ground.
C)standard and deviant.
D)chromatic and monocular.

Question 31

The pupil is the __________.

A)opening in the centre of the iris
B)coloured part of the eye
C)white of the eye
D)lining in the back of the eyeball

Question 32

The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what __________ you see.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 33

An object's elevation is a perspective cue to _______.

A)distance
B)shape
C)shadowing
D)size

Question 34

Photo receptors that see best at night are the _______.

A)foveas
B)cones
C)shafts
D)rods

Question 35

Which type of receptor cell is associated with seeing colours?

A)ganglia
B)bipolar
C)rods
D)cones

Question 36

The shape of the lens adjusts in order to

A)protect the eye from too much light.
B)let in more light when it is dark.
C)focus on different objects at different distances.
D)allow time for the eye to adjust to bright light.

Question 37

The aspect of colour that corresponds to names such as red,green,and blue is __________.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 38

The lens:

A)is the transparent outer membrane of the eye that covers the pupil and iris.
B)allows one to focus on objects at different distances.
C)allows light initially to enter the eye.
D)controls the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 39

The depressed spot in the retina that occupies the centre of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the

A)fovea.
B)cornea.
C)iris.
D)optic nerve.

Question 40

The inner lining on the back of the eyeball that is sensitive to light is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)retina
C)iris
D)optic nerve

Question 41

Whether you are standing right next to it or a mile away from it,you know a tree is the same size because of _______.

A)the figure-ground distinction
B)the phi phenomenon
C)perceptual constancy
D)retinal disparity

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a monocular cue?

A)clearness
B)linear perspective
C)retinal disparity
D)texture

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue?

A)far objects looking clear,and near ones looking blurry
B)the trees in a forest converging in the distance
C)the double image of a finger held in front of one eye
D)the appearance of a small light making movements against a dark background

Question 44

How blurry-looking an object appears and linear perspective are cues associated with _______ depth perception.

A)binocular disparity
B)kinesthetic
C)monocular
D)binocular

Question 45

Single-eye vision is to _______ as double-eye vision is to _______.

A)kinetic;monocular
B)monocular;kinetic
C)monocular;binocular
D)binocular;monocular

Question 46

The monocular distance cue in which objects closer than the point of visual focus seem to move in the direction opposite to the viewer's moving head,and objects beyond the viewing point move in the same direction as the viewer's head,is _______.

A)retinal disparity
B)motion parallax
C)subliminal motion
D)motion differential

Question 47

Our tendency to see objects as relatively stable and unchanging despite changing sensory information is called perceptual __________.

A)closure
B)constancy
C)reversibility
D)coherency

Question 48

When you look out the window of a car that is traveling 100 km/h,objects at different locations appear to move in different directions and different speeds.This apparent motion is known as

A)the kinetic depth effect.
B)motion parallax.
C)movement illusion.
D)linear perspective.

Question 49

The distance cue in which two parallel lines extend into the distance and seem to come together at one point is called __________.

A)linear perspective
B)aerial perspective
C)shadowing
D)motion parallax

Question 50

The distance cue in which objects at greater distances appear to be smoother is __________.

A)linear perspective
B)aerial perspective
C)texture gradient
D)motion parallax

Question 51

People with normal vision will perceive a pyramid whether they see the object from the side,top,or any other angle as long as the object is,in fact,a pyramid.This is the law of

A)shape constancy.
B)size constancy.
C)figure-ground.
D)visual angle.

Question 52

Size constancy explains why

A)objects are perceived as having constant dimensions regardless of distance.
B)perception of size is inversely related to distance.
C)closer objects are perceived as smaller than far-away objects.
D)distance affects perceived size.

Question 53

You are seated at a small table talking to a friend opposite you who is drinking coffee.As she lifts the cup off the saucer and raises it to her mouth,the image made on your retina by the bottom of the cup actually changes shape,but you still "see" it as round due to

A)good continuation.
B)movement parallax.
C)perceptual constancy.
D)proximity.

Question 54

The purity,richness,or vividness of a hue is known as its __________.

A)brightness
B)saturation
C)additive mix
D)depth

Question 55

Colour,shape,size,and brightness are all types of perceptual _______.

A)closure
B)constancy
C)reversibility
D)coherency

Question 56

When you stand to the side of a window frame,it casts a trapezoidal (nonrectangular)image on your retina.It still seems rectangular to you,though,because of _______.

A)size constancy
B)shape constancy
C)figure-ground constancy
D)the phi phenomenon

Question 57

The opponent-process theory of colour vision contends that colour vision is a result of

A)lateral inhibition on the retina itself.
B)lateral inhibition in the visual cortex.
C)calculation of differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
D)competition between three types of rods and three types of cones.

Question 58

Shadowing is a cue to _______.

A)linear perspective
B)width perception
C)depth perception
D)colour perception

Question 59

When you look out the window of a car that is traveling 100 km/h,close objects appear

A)to be moving faster than far ones.
B)to be moving slower than far ones.
C)to be moving at the same speed as far ones.
D)to be stationary and the far ones appear to be moving in the opposite direction as the car.

Question 60

The Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision assumes that

A)colour receptors exist in opposing pairs.
B)colour perception is determined by differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
C)there are three different types of cones.
D)all of the above

Question 61

Taste buds are contained in the tongue's _______.

A)papillae
B)hair cells
C)underside
D)saccules

Question 62

Flavour is

A)taste.
B)smell.
C)a combination of taste and smell.
D)a combination of touch and taste.

Question 63

The height of a sound wave represents its _______.

A)pitch
B)amplitude
C)timbre
D)overtones

Question 64

Frequency determines _______.

A)pitch
B)amplitude
C)timbre
D)overtones

Question 65

The hammer,anvil,and stirrup are all located in the _______.

A)middle ear
B)inner ear
C)external ear
D)oval window

Question 66

If perceptual information aiding in depth perception must be drawn simultaneously from both eyes,it is referred to as _______.

A)a monocular cue
B)a binocular cue
C)contralateral input
D)a duoretinal image

Question 67

The middle ear includes the ______.

A)ear canal
B)round window
C)hammer
D)basilar membrane

Question 68

An increase in the frequency of sound waves will correspond most directly to an increase in _______.

A)amplitude
B)pitch
C)loudness
D)decibels

Question 69

The flexible membrane inside the cochlea is called the

A)round window.
B)eardrum.
C)oval window.
D)basilar membrane.

Question 70

The patch of nasal membrane tissue that houses receptor cells for smell is the __________.

A)olfactory bulb
B)Golgi tendon organ
C)olfactory epithelium
D)olfactory mucosa

Question 71

Hertz is a unit of measurement of __________.

A)frequency
B)amplitude
C)loudness
D)overtones

Question 72

Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue?

A)far objects looking clear,and near ones looking blurry
B)when in motion,objects that are far away appear to move more slowly than objects that are close
C)the double image of a finger held in front of one eye
D)the appearance of a small light making movements against a dark background

Question 73

The structures in the inner ear that are particularly sensitive to body rotation are the __________.

A)vestibular sacs
B)saccules
C)semicircular canals
D)papillae

Question 74

The physical stimuli for the sense of hearing are called _______ waves.

A)alpha
B)radio
C)sound
D)beta

Question 75

Decibels are used to measure _______.

A)frequency
B)amplitude
C)loudness
D)overtones

Question 76

As sounds become louder,their ______ increases.

A)frequency
B)pitch
C)amplitude
D)hertz

Question 77

The hammer,anvil,and stirrup are the _______.

A)three components of the eardrum
B)three tiny bones in the middle ear
C)membranes in the oval window
D)three components of the basilar membrane cochlea

Question 78

The physical stimuli for the sense of hearing are called __________ waves.

A)alpha
B)infrared
C)sound
D)sine

Question 79

A drawing of a gravel road depicts the tiny rocks as becoming smaller and less distinct as one looks "down the lane." This simulation of depth on a two-dimensional sheet of paper is an example of the _______ cue.

A)interposition
B)texture gradient
C)elevation
D)shadowing

Question 80

Hearing begins when sound waves bump against the _______.

A)earlobe
B)eardrum
C)oval window
D)round window