Deck 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines

Question 1

Though Freud used both nicotine and cocaine,he only became dependent on cocaine.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Physical signs of possible cocaine abuse include irritability,paranoia,feelings of depression,and insomnia.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Though cocaine was known as "the aphrodisiac of the 1980s," long-term use results in decreased sexual performance and loss of sexual desire.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The most successful commercial use of cocaine in the nineteenth century was a mixture of coca and wine.

Question 5

Snorting cocaine produces a quicker effect than does intravenous use of cocaine.

Question 6

No matter which method of administration is used,the effects of cocaine begin to wear off after sixty to ninety minutes.

Question 7

"Cocaine bugs" are never associated with symptoms of cocaine psychosis.

Question 8

Some cocaine abusers sense imaginary bugs crawling under their skin,forcing abusers to scratch their skin into open sores.

Question 9

Cocaine use is a significant risk factor for suicide.

Question 10

Cocaine produces its stimulatory effects exclusively by the inhibition of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 11

Formication hallucinations are components of cocaine psychosis.

Question 12

The popular beverage Coca-Cola contained cocaine in its formulation until 1903.

Question 13

Physical signs of possible cocaine abuse include decreased irritability,feelings of euphoria,and increased ability to sleep.

Question 14

After his discovery of cocaine effects,Freud distributed the drug to his friends and family.

Question 15

In 1985,one in five suicide victims in NYC had traces of cocaine in his or her blood.

Question 16

Sigmund Freud eventually gave up cocaine because he personally suffered the adverse side effects of chronic cocaine abuse.

Question 17

The African kola nut contains 10 percent cocaine.

Question 18

Cocaine produces a sudden elevation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 19

Coca leaf chewing is still widely practiced in the Andean highlands of South America.

Question 20

Increased snorting of cocaine can lead to small holes in the nasal septum.

Question 21

Evidence indicates that chemical changes in the brain caused by chronic methamphetamine use can be somewhat reversed by abstaining from the drug for a minimum of one year.

Question 22

Amphetamine psychosis does not involve the experience of formication hallucinations,while cocaine psychosis does.

Question 23

Cocaine hydrochloride is a form of cocaine that is typically smoked.

Question 24

Amphetamines stimulate the brain by elevating the levels of acetylcholine and endorphins.

Question 25

The origin of modern amphetamines dates back to a Chinese herb called ma huang.

Question 26

Crack cocaine is made by treating cocaine with baking soda,resulting in small rocks.

Question 27

D-amphetamine is stronger than l-amphetamine.

Question 28

Due to effects of the kindling effect,deaths from cocaine overdose occur from high levels of cocaine.

Question 29

The acute effects of amphetamine resemble those of cocaine

Question 30

The Chinese emperor credited with having discovered the herbal basis for amphetamines is also credited with having discovered marijuana and tea.

Question 31

While superficially similar,cocaine and amphetamines actually produce very different acute effects.

Question 32

Amphetamine was first used during WWII to keep soldiers alert during battles.

Question 33

Chronic cocaine abuse leads to the loss of 20 percent of dopamine receptors in the pleasure and reinforcement area of the brain.

Question 34

Cocaine's only legitimate medical use is as a local anesthetic.

Question 35

The kindling effect of cocaine is instrumental in setting off epileptic seizures.

Question 36

Crack cocaine presents fewer hazards in its preparation than does freebase cocaine.

Question 37

Methamphetamine abuse reemerged on the drug scene as crack cocaine and powder cocaine abuse began to diminish.

Question 38

A "St.Louis" was a slang term among truck drivers for a certain dosage of amphetamines required for a long-distance road trip.

Question 39

A shift from poorly educated to better-educated cocaine abusers occurred in the 1980s.

Question 40

Amphetamines increase the activity level of dopamine and serotonin.

Question 41

Ice is a crystallized form of methamphetamine that can be smoked.

Question 42

Liquid anhydrous ammonia has been found to be an effect treatment for counteracting the stimulating effects of methamphetamine.

Question 43

Meth abuse is now concentrated in the United States among the affluent and the very poor.

Question 44

Medical applications of amphetamine-like drugs include narcolepsy and nasal congestion.

Question 45

It is possible that lowered norepinephrine levels play a role in ADHD.

Question 46

Amphetamine abusers are generally warned to stay away from seeking treatment in Cocaine Anonymous self-help groups,since the process of recovery is very different.

Question 47

Treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder decreases the "signal-to-noise" ratio in the neural processing of information.

Question 48

One ingredient in "homegrown" methamphetamine is pseudoepinephrine,found in numerous over-the-counter cold remedies.

Question 49

The drug Ritalin and the drug Adderall have been found to be equally effective in the treatment of ADHD.

Question 50

ADHD is outgrown at the end of childhood and does not carry over into adulthood.

Question 51

When stimulant medications are taken during formative years, major side effects include suppression of height and weight gain, reducing growth to about 80 to 90 percent of normal levels.

Question 52

Crank is a slang-term for d-amphetamine.

Question 53

Children with ADHD are usually below average intelligence and tend to overperform academically.

Question 54

The elimination half-life is longer for cocaine than it is for amphetamines.

Question 55

Cocaine and amphetamines are both classified as __________.

A)major stimulants
B)major depressants
C)drugs having both stimulant and depressant properties
D)drugs having stimulant properties similar to nicotine and caffeine

Question 56

A recent development in present-day meth abuse has been the influx of illegal methamphetamine from France.

Question 57

The relapse rate of methamphetamine abuses is one of the highest for any category of drug abuse.

Question 58

When children are no longer taking stimulant medication (referred to as "drug holidays"),growth spurts usually occur in a normal fashion.

Question 59

Why is it that coca chewing produces few instances of toxicity?

A)Little cocaine is distributed to the brain,since absorption from the digestive system is slow.
B)There is a chemical found in coca leaves which dilutes the small amount of cocaine found in the leaves.
C)As coca leaves are chewed,the cocaine is absorbed through the cheek linings,bypassing absorption in the digestive tract.
D)Ingestion of coca products never results in toxic effects.

Question 60

Recent concentrations of meth abuse have occurred in America's inner cities.

Question 61

Vin Mariani was __________.

A)a popular mixture of opium and wine
B)a popular mixture of opium and cocaine
C)a popular mixture of coca and wine
D)a famed Sicilian restaurateur of the nineteenth century

Question 62

Decocainized flavor essence is a name for an ingredient in modern-day __________.

A)bazuco
B)crack cocaine
C)Vin Mariani
D)Coca-Cola

Question 63

Care-Cola,Dope Cola,Kola Ade,and Wiseola were among several beverage products sold in the nineteenth century.An ingredient they all had in common was __________.

A)heroin
B)cocaine
C)marijuana
D)enormous levels of caffeine

Question 64

The experiences of Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow were an example of __________.

A)successful cocaine therapy
B)unsuccessful marketing of a coca-flavored beverage
C)a severe cocaine-induced psychosis
D)unsuccessful treatment for depression

Question 65

William Halstead studied __________.

A)the history of coca-leaf chewing in South America
B)the effect of cocaine as an anesthetic
C)ways to avoid cocaine dependence
D)the formula for Coca-Cola and came up with Pepsi-Cola

Question 66

Leaves of the coca shrub __________.

A)are the source of chocolate
B)are harvested in South America
C)are frequently added to tobacco in cigarettes
D)form the basis for modern-day amphetamines

Question 67

Cocaethylene toxicity produces the following symptoms: __________.

A)greatly increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure
B)prolonged and enhanced euphoria relative to taking cocaine alone
C)an increased risk of immediate death
D)all of the above

Question 68

In 1903,Coca-Cola __________.

A)introduced pure cocaine into its cola ingredients
B)removed the alcohol from its cola ingredients
C)switched decocainized coca leaves into its ingredients
D)carbonated the beverage

Question 69

Cocaethylene toxicity can result from a combination of __________.

A)cocaine and heroin
B)cocaine and alcohol
C)cocaine and nicotine
D)cocaine and amphetamines

Question 70

An early champion of cocaine use was __________.

A)Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Ernest Jones
D)Martha Freud

Question 71

Coca-leaf chewing does not result in widespread abuse because __________.

A)it is carried out with friends and family only
B)the digestive system absorbs the cocaine too rapidly for there to be an effect
C)only adults are allowed to chew coca leaves
D)very low doses of cocaine are ingested

Question 72

A bazuco is a __________.

A)mixture of heroin and cocaine
B)mixture of cocaine paste and tobacco
C)mixture of raw coca leaves and kerosene
D)form of smoked cocaine similar to crack

Question 73

Formication is a term for __________.

A)a form of hallucinatory experience
B)voluntary sexual intercourse between unmarried persons
C)a process of producing freebase cocaine
D)a characteristic speech pattern when under the influence of cocaine

Question 74

Freud eventually realized that cocaine __________.

A)was indeed the wonder drug that he originally thought it was
B)was structurally similar to heroin and other opiates
C)was a drug with a dangerous potential for dependence
D)would lead to dependence upon crack cocaine

Question 75

_________ placed restrictions on cocaine sales in the United States.

A)The Proprietary and Patent Medicine Act of 1908
B)The Parke-Davis Act of 1904
C)The Harrison Act of 1914
D)All of the above

Question 76

Which drug or class of drugs is a substantially less powerful stimulant than cocaine?

A)d-amphetamine
B)caffeine
C)methamphetamine
D)none of the above

Question 77

An average coca leaf contains about _____ percent cocaine.

A)2
B)60
C)90
D)less than .001 (prior to processing into crack)

Question 78

The 1885 formulation of Coca-Cola by James Pemberton was similar to Vin Mariani,except for the fact that Coca-Cola did not have any ________ in it.

A)cocaine
B)soda water
C)caffeine
D)alcohol

Question 79

Freud became dependent on which of the following drugs?

A)nicotine
B)cocaine
C)heroin
D)both A and B

Question 80

Freud decided to try pure cocaine because of __________.

A)a report about how cocaine helped German soldiers endure fatigue
B)drinking a Coca-Cola beverage
C)how pleased his friends were when using it
D)the positive effects Dr.Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow found when using cocaine to treat a painful illness