Deck 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: the Personal and Social Concerns

Question 1

8 If an LD100 dose were to be given to a group of 50 mice,all of them would die.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

DAWN statistics are collected for ED visits involving alcohol use alone by individuals twenty-one and older.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Multiple substance use is another name for polydrug use.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Water has the potential for being a psychoactive substance.

Question 5

According to 2008 DAWN statistics,about (27 percent)of drug-related ED visits involved some use of alcohol in combination with an illicit drug.

Question 6

Examining the properties of a drug effect is that same as examining the properties of the drug itself.

Question 7

A problem with street drugs is that the user doesn't know the toxicity risks until the drug has been used.

Question 8

The DAWN reporting program reaches practically all emergency department patients in the United States.

Question 9

If a drug is ED50, it means the drug will become toxic if 50 mg of the drug is taken.

Question 10

The higher the margin of safety ratio,the more toxic the drug.

Question 11

Cocaine has been used as a local anesthetic in the United States.

Question 12

Injecting heroin followed by snorting heroin is an example of polydrug use.

Question 13

Polydrug use refers to the use of a drug at different dosage levels from administration to administration.

Question 14

Drug safety depends on the possibility that the drug can be toxic at low doses compared to other drugs.

Question 15

Each effect produced by a particular drug will have its own dose-response curves.

Question 16

There are substances that exist which do not have any potential for toxicity.

Question 17

Men outnumber women two-to-one in terms of ED visits involving illicit drug use.

Question 18

A patient mentions drinking eight glasses of vodka and gin during a drug-related ED visit.This is an example of an alcohol-in-combination DAWN case.

Question 19

The margin of safety measure of a particular drug is a more conservative (in the direction of safety)measure of drug toxicity than the therapeutic index for that drug.

Question 20

According to 2008 DAWN statistics,most ED visits involved alcohol only.

Question 21

Continuing drug-taking behavior in order to avoid withdrawal is one indication of physical dependence.

Question 22

Drug abusers take drug doses which are well beyond the LD-response curve amounts.

Question 23

In the DAWN reports,cocaine,heroin,and alcohol-in-combination cases are almost always lethal.

Question 24

Drug tolerance is to setting as behavioral tolerance is to repetition.

Question 25

Tolerance,withdrawal symptoms,and unintentional overuse are three of the seven criteria for substance dependence.

Question 26

Tolerance is maximized when the user always takes the drug in the same setting.

Question 27

According to recent DAWN statistics,there has been a greater number of drug-related ED for visits prescription and OTC medications alone than with illicit drugs alone.Narcotic analgesics are on the rise.

Question 28

The concept of physical dependence originates from observations of heroin abusers.

Question 29

Behavioral tolerance is based on Pavlovian conditioning.

Question 30

Withdrawal symptoms involve symptoms generally opposite from the original effect of the drug.

Question 31

A dirty needle carries the risk of HIV infection but not of hepatitis infection.

Question 32

In most cases,the dosage levels taken by drug abusers would be lethal if taken by a first-time user.

Question 33

If an individual experiences drug tolerance,an increasing dose must be taken over time in order to maintain the same level of drug effect.

Question 34

In an experiment discussed in the text,laboratory animals would choose cocaine over food even if the animal was starving to death.

Question 35

The placental barrier protects a fetus from toxic substances in the mother.

Question 36

There are more fatalities from chronic smoking of tobacco than from illicit drug use.

Question 37

The existence of physical dependence in a particular drug hinges upon the presence of physical withdrawal syndromes,should the individual stop taking the drug.

Question 38

The greater the extent of drug-taking behavior during pregnancy,the more likely there will adverse consequences during labor and delivery.

Question 39

Most addicts completing the withdrawal process in its entirety do not become re-addicted.

Question 40

Withdrawal symptoms are the approximately the same for every psychoactive drug.

Question 41

Fetal effects of methamphetamine are unknown but likely to be similar to effects of cocaine-reducing normal fetal blood flow.

Question 42

Five "schedules" of controlled substances resulted from the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.

Question 43

The Marijuana Tax Act of did not apply to growers of marijuana.

Question 44

Needle-exchange programs have increased the prevalence of heroin abuse in recent studies.

Question 45

Though cocaine was not defined as a narcotic,it was still affected by the Harrison Act of 1914.

Question 46

All psychoactive drugs have the same adverse effects on the fetus.

Question 47

Tendencies toward violence have been observed during times of crack withdrawal as well as crack intoxication.

Question 48

Needle exchange programs are available in all fifty states.

Question 49

There is a statistical association between the use of illicit drugs and crime.

Question 50

Systemic violence might include robbing a shopkeeper in order to get money to buy drugs.

Question 51

Under the Harrison Act,cocaine was defined as a narcotic but opiate drugs were not.

Question 52

Violence resulting directly from the physiological effects of an injected drug is referred to as systemic violence.

Question 53

Prescription drugs have little effect on pregnant woman and the newborn.

Question 54

Under a laissez-faire philosophy,the government would assert little or no regulatory control with respect to drugs.

Question 55

The smoking of opium in the United States was opposed at least in part because of its association with Chinese immigrants.

Question 56

Heroin is an example of a Schedule I drug.

Question 57

The high price of illicit drugs on the street contributes to the incidence of economically compulsive violence.

Question 58

Schedule IV drugs have the highest potential for abuse.

Question 59

In 2009,the ban on federal funding for needle exchange programs was lifted.

Question 60

Harry J.Anslinger was the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)during the 1930s.

Question 61

An extreme case of intoxication can involve which of the following non-drug substances?

A)broccoli
B)chocolate
C)water
D)sushi

Question 62

A dose-response curve is generally shaped as a(n)__________.

A)S
B)U
C)inverted U
D)inverted V

Question 63

The ratio of the LDis called the __________.

A)therapeutic index
B)margin of safety
C)effective dose for a particular drug effect
D)lethal dose

Question 64

According to the text,the controversial part of the "drug problem" in the United States concerns __________.

A)where the problems are
B)which problems are most deserving of our efforts
C)the level of drug abuse in Asia
D)both A and B

Question 65

The LD-response curve for a particular drug will always be positioned ________ with respect to the ED-response curve.

A)on top
B)farther to the left
C)farther to the right
D)at the bottom

Question 66

The margin of safety is ________ than the therapeutic index.

A)less accurate in gauging drug toxicity
B)simpler to calculate
C)more conservative in the direction of safety
D)less meaningful in general

Question 67

Analogy: The ED-response curve is to the LD-response curve as __________.

A)effective is to lethal
B)emotional is to linguistic
C)early is to late
D)illicit is to licit

Question 68

Expenditures to carry out the war on drugs are up by more than 1,400 percent since 1981.

Question 69

"Drug czars" were established as a result of the Anti Drug Abuse Act.

Question 70

An S-shaped graph (dose-response curve)helps explain __________.

A)drug addiction
B)drug elasticity
C)drug toxicity
D)none of the above

Question 71

The ratio of the LD50 over the ED50 is called the __________.

A)therapeutic index
B)margin of safety
C)effective dose for a particular drug effect
D)lethal dose

Question 72

________ is defined as the possibility that the short-term effects of a particular drug will trigger a toxic reaction.

A)Acute toxicity
B)Collateral toxicity
C)Conditional toxicity
D)Chronic toxicity

Question 73

An effective dose (ED)of a drug depends upon __________.

A)what drug effect is being observed
B)what percentage of the test population you have specified
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B

Question 74

When reporting the ED50 of a drug,the "50" refers to __________.

A)50 milligrams of the drug
B)50 percent of the test population
C)volunteers 50 years of age or older
D)50 percent of the maximal dose that is possible to administer

Question 75

Year to year,there is a clear cut correlation of budget allocations used for drug regulation and the availability of illicit drugs.

Question 76

The margin of safety is a way of comparing __________.

A)the LD50 against the LD1
B)the LD1 against the ED99
C)the ED99 against the ED50
D)the LD50 against the ED50

Question 77

If a drug is dangerous,poisonous,or in some way interferes with a person's normal functioning,that drug is said to be __________.

A)toxic
B)addictive
C)illicit
D)acute

Question 78

As dose level rises,it is likely that the effect produced by the drug __________.

A)rises as well
B)rises and then falls
C)falls and then rises
D)remains the same

Question 79

The therapeutic index is a way of comparing __________.

A)the LD50 against the LD1
B)the LD1 against the ED99
C)the ED99 against the ED50
D)the LD50 against the ED50

Question 80

In terms of toxicity,a drug with a therapeutic index of two ______ a drug with a therapeutic index of ten.

A)is roughly equivalent to
B)is safer than
C)is more dangerous than
D)cannot be compared to