Deck 2: Web Quiz 1

Question 1

Which statement describes a difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

A)A hypothesis establishes a general principle through experiments,whereas a theory is based on a specific observation that is limited to a single instance.
B)A hypothesis explains a set of theories,whereas a theory explains a set of laws.
C)A hypothesis is a falsifiable prediction made by a theory,whereas a theory is a hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon.
D)A hypothesis needs to be proven to be true,whereas a theory is inherently true.

Answer 1

A hypothesis is a falsifiable prediction made by a theory,whereas a theory is a hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon.

Question 2

_____ is defined as an instrument's ability to detect small magnitudes of the property.

A)Self-selection
B)Reliability
C)Power
D)Significance

Answer 2

Power

Question 3

A boxer suddenly begins experiencing severe mood swings and exhibiting bizarre behavior.A neuropsychologist determines that the boxer has suffered traumatic brain injury,which has probably been caused by numerous concussions.The neuropsychologist then studies the functioning of the boxer's brain in detail using fMRI brain imaging techniques to learn more about his concussions.This represents a(n):

A)experiment.
B)naturalistic observation.
C)double-blind observation
D)case method.

Answer 3

case method.

Question 4

A college recently banned the use of plastic water bottles on campus in an effort to be ecofriendly.A psychologist at the college is interested in the attitudes of the students toward this ban.She obtains a list of all the students enrolled in the college and arbitrarily selects 100 students for a survey designed to assess their opinions on the ban.In this study,which method has the psychologist used to select students for the survey?

A)random sampling
B)random assignment
C)matched samples technique
D)naturalistic observation

Question 5

James,a psychologist,observes that some people who are exposed to a traumatic childhood experience anxiety disorders later in their lives,whereas some people do not.Which quality of humans,illustrated in this scenario,makes them difficult to study?

A)tractability
B)variability
C)empathy
D)reliability

Question 6

Which factor is an important characteristic of a good operational definition?

A)validity
B)negative correlation
C)power
D)positive covariance

Question 7

In order to conduct a valid experiment,you must first manipulate a(n)_____ variable and then measure _____ variable.

A)independent;a dependent
B)dependent;an independent
C)independent;the same
D)dependent;the same

Question 8

_____ use specific rules and techniques to observe and understand natural phenomena.

A)Idealists
B)Empiricists
C)Dogmatists
D)Humanists

Question 9

Katrina is interested in studying the relationship between attention deficit disorder and behavioral problems in school children,but she believes that the students' socioeconomic statuses may affect her results.She studies two groups of children through an intervention treatment and makes sure that all children in both groups are from homes with the same level of income.What technique does Katrina use in this study?

A)matched samples
B)matched pairs
C)random sampling
D)third-variable correlation

Question 10

When naturalistic observation is not possible,which step can psychologists take to avoid demand characteristics?

A)using cover stories to hide the true purpose of the study
B)using the matched pairs technique to introduce an additional variable to the study
C)using direct replication to carry out the same study with varying samples
D)using random selection to ensure a representative sample

Question 11

The more time children spend playing video games at home,the lower their grades are at school.This represents a:

A)causal relationship.
B)negative correlation.
C)double-blind observation.
D)normal distribution

Question 12

When are two variables said to covary?

A)when the two variables have different values under different circumstances
B)when the two variables have different variations under different circumstances
C)when variations in the value of one variable are synchronized with variations in the value of the other
D)when the pattern of variation of the two variables is highly dissimilar

Question 13

According to the American Psychological Association,which statement about the use of coercion in psychological research is TRUE?

A)Coercion can be used in the absence of other ethical ways to conduct the research.
B)Coercion should be used when the benefits of the research outweigh the risks to the participants.
C)Monetary compensation can be used to persuade a person to participate.
D)Researchers should respect a person's right to make decisions without coercion.

Question 14

If an experiment has a high degree of _____,a causal relationship can be demonstrated between all or certain variables in the experiment.

A)reliability
B)internal validity
C)external validity
D)negative correlation

Question 15

Terrence is studying how music affects attitudes.On a hot June day,he exposes one group of college students to classical music and another group to jazz,while he measures their attitudes toward war.In this scenario,the dependent variable is the:

A)type of music being played.
B)students' attitudes toward war.
C)students' psychological responses to the music.
D)volume of the music being played.