Deck 9: Adam,eve,and Steve

Question 1

Which of the following aspects of religion have been used to reinforce heterosexuality as a cultural norm in contemporary societies?

A)references to sacred texts,like the Bible and Qu'ran
B)religious beliefs regarding marriage and family
C)limits on who can hold positions of religious leadership
D)all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In many religious traditions around the world,the inferior status of women compared to men is typically reinforced through

A)references to sacred texts,like the Bible.
B)official teachings of religion.
C)day-to-day rituals that are limited only to men.
D)all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In 2003,the Episcopal Church took which of the following controversial actions?

A)moved to allow women to become priests
B)appointed an openly gay man to be the Bishop of New Hampshire
C)formally opposed the ordination of women to become priests
D)allowed priests to marry for the first time

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Research has shown that women clergy face obstacles to advancing in their careers to high-paying,high prestige positions in congregations.This phenomena has been described as

A)institutional discrimination.
B)occupational segregation.
C)congregational discrimination.
D)a stained-glass ceiling.

Question 5

In sociological terms,discussing whether people in the premodern world like Socrates or Shakespeare were "gay" is valid because these individuals may have engaged in sex with other men.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true about men's and women's participation in religion?

A)In most religions,men and women participate about equally.
B)Men are more likely than women to claim no religious affiliation.
C)Women outnumber men in all Christian denominations.
D)Men are less likely to espouse "alternative spiritualities" compared to women.
E)All of the above are true about men's and women's religious participation.

Question 7

Overall among Christian denominations,only liberal Mainline Protestants typically allow women to become ministers,pastors,and priests.

Question 8

Chaves (1997)found that denominations with autonomous "women-only" organizations were approximately ________ as likely to ordain women as clergy compared to those that did not have such organizations.

A)zero times
B)two and a half times
C)five times
D)ten times

Question 9

Even though there are more women than men who attend religious services,research shows that there is little difference in how often women and men pray.

Question 10

Approximately _____ Christian denominations in the United States permit women to become ministers.

A)10
B)33
C)44
D)65

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of "questing" strategies for women trying to cope with male-dominated forms of religion?

A)practices and therapies focused on physical and emotional well-being
B)ordaining women
C)the use of crystals,tarot cards,and other forms of divination
D)yoga

Question 12

According to the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life,which religious group has the largest numbers of women who believe in a "personal God"?

A)Catholics
B)Evangelical Protestants
C)Mormons
D)Jews

Question 13

________________ is the national group,founded in 1991 by a former coach at the University of Colorado,dedicated to increasing men's religious roles in churches,families,and communities.

A)More Men for Jesus (MMJ)
B)Men and Religion Forward Movement
C)Promise Keepers
D)The Million Men March

Question 14

Sociologists of religion that are interested in gender only study how religion shapes the experiences of women.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true about the main findings on women's experiences as religious leaders?

A)Women are never found in the highest levels of religious leadership such as bishops or senior pastors.
B)Women ministers tend to lead smaller congregations,often in rural areas.
C)Women ministers face pressures to not engage in political activism,despite their personal desires to do so.
D)Women tend to use more collaborative,as opposed to hierarchical,leadership styles as clergy.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 16

In the premodern world,for those people who lacked wealth or political power,sexual behavior was much more tightly controlled than in contemporary society.

Question 17

The totality of categories that a society constructs around our bodies' sensual feelings,desires,fantasies,behaviors,and emotions is referred to as:

A)gender roles.
B)sexual identity.
C)sexual orientation.
D)sexuality.

Question 18

Linda Woodhead (2007)argues that religious organizations like Mothers' Unions,ladies' Bible studies,and prayer fellowships assist in empowering women by allowing them to discuss and debate women's experiences and gender roles in an otherwise male-dominated religious group.She refers to this as a

A)challenging strategy.
B)marginal strategy.
C)tactical strategy.
D)consolidating strategy.

Question 19

As a strategy for dealing with the male-dominated aspects of religion,________________ is the term used to describe strategies whereby religious groups and identities affirm gender inequalities and legitimize traditional gender roles.

A)consolidation
B)tactical
C)questing
D)countercultural

Question 20

For a religion to be considered "countercultural" according to Woodhead (2007),it is likely to do all of the following except

A)encourage members to wear extreme forms of clothing to show they are different.
B)place equal emphasis on male and female forms of the sacred.
C)critique traditional gender roles for men.
D)reject any separation between the spiritual and the natural world.
E)all of the above

Question 21

All of the following factors of an individual's religious belief and practice have been found to be correlated with opposition to public acceptance of homosexuality except

A)high frequency of attendance at religious services.
B)absolute belief in a personal god.
C)holding a leadership position in a congregation.
D)a strong sense of religious identity.
E)all of the above

Question 22

When gays and lesbians form alternative religious communities that oppose heterosexual privileges in religion and in society as a whole,they are engaging in which of the following strategic approaches?

A)consolidating
B)tactical
C)questing
D)countercultural

Question 23

Some gay and lesbian people of faith remain within traditional types of congregations and attempt to reinterpret religious teachings and traditions in ways that provide new meanings to them that do not systematically oppose gay and lesbian relationships and experiences.This most closely resembles which of the following strategic approaches?

A)consolidating
B)tactical
C)questing
D)countercultural

Question 24

Among the members of non-Christian religious groups,which of the following is most likely to hold the attitude that society should discourage homosexuality?

A)Muslims
B)Jews
C)Hindus
D)Buddhists
E)Pagans