Deck 7: Divine Rights and Casting the Mighty From Their Thrones

Question 1

In Christianity,___________________ was the first to officially argue that governments were instituted by God.

A)Saint Paul
B)Saint Augustine of Hippo
C)Bishop Jacque-Benigne Bousset
D)Archbishop Thomas Becket

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following represents the type of religious leader most likely to engage in social and political activism?

A)an older white minister who went to a Bible college for training
B)a socially prominent minister working in a suburban church
C)a young African American minister working in an urban church
D)a poor female minister who has "tenure"

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Social movement leaders and participants are most likely to use religion to fight for change when they lack access to other formal ways to influence politics.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

For most of the 19th century,which of the following does NOT reflect how most Christian churches responded to the social changes and inequalities resulting from industrialization?

A)Ministers believed they were supposed to save poor people's souls,not help them improve their wages or working conditions.
B)Wealthy people were regarded as being morally superior to poor people,and were rewarded by God for living good lives.
C)Poor people were told to expect a better life after death if they just endured their hard lives here on earth.
D)Churches encouraged working class people to try to create God's kingdom on earth by joining unions to oppose capitalism.

Question 5

Sociologists of religion and social movements argue that African American churches became prominent in the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s because

A)Southern African Americans viewed their world in deeply religious terms.
B)most African Americans in the civil rights movement belonged to the same types of churches.
C)African American ministers were participants in the civil rights movement because they experienced discrimination too.
D)All of the above help to explain why these churches joined the fight for civil rights.

Question 6

In a theodicy of dominance

A)poor people must accept their lower status in the world.
B)rich people are told they are blessed by God and have a responsibility to help the needy.
C)rich people believe they can earn their way into heaven by repenting of their sins.
D)all of the above

Question 7

According to James Wood's (1970)study of the impact of church governing structures,religious groups that are more democratic,or member-based,in their governing structure are most likely to be engaged in social and political movements.

Question 8

Karl Marx and Max Weber agreed that religion could encourage poor and oppressed groups in society to work to challenge their poverty and oppression and to change society.

Question 9

Having a university education is one of the key factors that influence whether or not a religious leader will engage in social or political activism.

Question 10

The theory that kings and other rulers were only accountable to God for their actions is also referred to as

A)civil religion theory.
B)accountablility theory.
C)exploitation theory.
D)divine right theory.

Question 11

In religious groups that have a formal power hierarchy,religious leaders are more likely to be able to engage in social and political issues.

Question 12

Research on religious leaders' political activities has shown that a minister's social class has no impact on predicting whether or not they will engage in social activism.

Question 13

According to Max Weber,the religious beliefs that help to explain why poor people are largely powerless and marginalized in society are referred to as

A)theodicies of dominance.
B)theodicies of mobility.
C)theodicies of suffering.
D)theodicies of poverty.

Question 14

In what society was it believed that while rulers were appointed by God,they were required to support the welfare of the people or they would lose this divine appointment?

A)Japan
B)China
C)France
D)Iran

Question 15

When religion provides believers with sets of beliefs that explain the many negative aspects of human life and society,it is providing them with

A)theodicies.
B)theocracies.
C)theologies.
D)false consciousness.

Question 16

All of the following factors can limit the ability of religious groups,leaders,and resources to be a force for change in social movements except

A)religious beliefs themselves.
B)strong opposition from the government.
C)demographic characteristics of activists,like their race or gender.
D)differences in strategies and tactics for achieving movement goals.

Question 17

In their preface to Pope's 1942 study of the role of local churches in labor conflicts in the textile industry,Peterson and Demerath argue which of the following are factors that shape the likelihood of religious groups becoming involved in social change movements?

A)the demographic background of religious leaders
B)the type of issue
C)the level of opposition from elites
D)A and B only
E)None of these influence religions' involvement in social change.

Question 18

Which of the following are examples of social resources that religion can provide to movements attempting to change some part of society?

A)support for protest rooted in the sacred
B)financial resources
C)communication resources
D)religious identities that can create unity among strangers
E)All of the above are religious resources used by social movements.