Deck 2: A: The Biological Perspective

Question 1

The function of the _________________________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body.

A)soma
B)synapse
C)nervous system
D)endorphins

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

_________ receive messages from other neurons and _____________send messages to other neurons.

A)Axons;dendrites
B)Axon;soma
C)Soma;glial cells
D)Dendrites;axons

Answer 2

Dendrites;axons

Question 3

What is the function of myelin?

A)to serve as a structure for neurons
B)to monitor neural activity
C)to speed up the neural impulse
D)to produce neurotransmitters

Answer 3

to speed up the neural impulse

Question 4

The function of the neuron's axon is to ______.

A)carry messages to other cells
B)regulate the neuron's life processes
C)receive messages from neighboring neurons
D)insulate against leakage of electrical impulses

Question 5

Which part of a neuron is attached to the soma and carries messages out to other cells?

A)soma
B)axon
C)dendrite
D)cell membrane

Question 6

A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a _________.

A)glial cell
B)neuron
C)cell body
D)myelin sheath

Question 7

The branch of life sciences which involves the structure and function of the brain and nervous system,while also focusing on the relationship between learning and behavior,is called ________.

A)neuroscience
B)bioscience
C)brain scientology
D)neurostemology

Question 8

The nervous system is defined as____________________.

A)a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body
B)a specialized cell that makes up the brain and nervous system
C)all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run throughout the body itself
D)a gland located in the brain that secretes human growth hormone

Question 9

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?

A)axon
B)soma
C)dendrite
D)cell membrane

Question 10

A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to provide insulation and structure for neurons on which they may develop and work is called a(n)_________.

A)epidermal cell
B)adipose cell
C)glial cell
D)myelin cell

Question 11

The two types of glial cells are called ________ and ________.

A)occipital;lobitical
B)oligodendrocytes;Schwann cells
C)occipital;Schwann
D)oligodendrocytes;lobitical

Question 12

Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction.Which of the following sequences will you offer?

A)dendrites,axon,soma,synaptic knob
B)terminal buttons,axon,soma,dendrites
C)axon,soma,dendrites,synaptic knob
D)dendrites,soma,axon,synaptic knob

Question 13

Glial cells make up ____________ of the brain's cells.

A)10 percent
B)70 percent
C)80 percent
D)90 percent

Question 14

What are two roles of glial cells?

A)acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons
B)shaping cells and moving new neurons into place
C)regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors
D)monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain

Question 15

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning is the _____.

A)axon
B)cell membrane
C)dendrite
D)soma

Question 16

What term is used to describe a specialized cell that makes up the nervous system and receives and sends messages within that system?

A)neuron
B)glial cell
C)myelin sheath
D)dendritic spine

Question 17

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

A)brain;spinal cord
B)autonomic;somatic nervous systems
C)peripheral nervous system;central nervous system
D)glands;muscles

Question 18

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______.

A)axons
B)nerve bundles
C)dendrites
D)synapses

Question 19

Neurons make up ________% of the brain whereas glial cells make up ________%.

A)50;50
B)25;75
C)10;90
D)5;95

Question 20

The part of the neuron whose name literally means "branch" is ________.

A)axon
B)dendrite
C)mylon
D)soma

Question 21

The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals are called________.

A)axon terminals
B)synapses
C)synaptic vesicles
D)receptor sites

Question 22

A nerve is a group of ______ bundled together.

A)axons
B)interneurons
C)dendrites
D)glial cells

Question 23

A fatty substance that is wrapped around the shaft of axons in the nervous system and whose function is to insulate neurons and speed up the neural impulse is called a _________.

A)synaptic vesicle
B)dendrite
C)glial cell
D)myelin cell

Question 24

_________________________ are holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters.

A)Neurotransmitters
B)Axons
C)Synaptic vesicles
D)Receptor sites

Question 25

A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which,when released,has an effect on the next cell is called a__________.

A)glial cell
B)neurotransmitter
C)precursor cell
D)synapse

Question 26

What is the term used to describe the branches located at the end of the axon?

A)axon terminals
B)synaptic vesicles
C)synapses
D)receptor sites

Question 27

What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals?

A)synaptic vesicles
B)axons
C)dendrites
D)synaptic knobs

Question 28

When a cell is "at rest," it is in a state called the ________.

A)stopping point
B)obcipitation junction
C)resting potential
D)action potential

Question 29

When a neuron fires,it fires in a(n)________ fashion as there is no such thing as "partial" firing.

A)all-or-none
B)rapid fire
C)accidental patterned
D)quick successioned

Question 30

The branches at the end of the axon are called________.

A)axon terminals
B)synaptic vesicles
C)synapses
D)receptor sites

Question 31

The state during which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside the cell and is not firing is referred to as the__________.

A)action potential
B)quiet potential
C)synaptic potential
D)resting potential

Question 32

The fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the ___________.

A)receptor site
B)synapse
C)synaptic knob
D)axon terminal

Question 33

A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called ______.

A)a synaptic vesicle
B)nerves
C)neurilemma
D)a myelinated pathway

Question 34

Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse?

A)synaptic vesicles
B)synaptic nodes
C)terminal buttons
D)synaptic gaps

Question 35

One purpose of the ____________________ is to speed up the neural message traveling down the axon.

A)receptor site
B)axon terminal
C)myelin
D)synaptic vesicle

Question 36

When the electric potential in a cell is in action versus a resting state,this electrical charge reversal is known as the _________________.

A)resting potential
B)excitation reaction
C)action potential
D)permeable reaction

Question 37

The term neurotransmitter refers to ______.

A)a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse
B)any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system
C)the chemical substance found in the cell membrane
D)the DNA contained in the nucleus of every neuron

Question 38

"All or none" is the principle stating that ______.

A)a neuron either fires or does not fire
B)a neuron either fires in a completely agonist fashion or in a completely antagonist fashion.
C)all the dendrites must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all
D)all somas must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all

Question 39

During action potential,the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

A)positive compared to
B)larger than
C)negative compared to
D)smaller than

Question 40

What do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse?

A)action potential
B)resting potential
C)myelination signal
D)transmission impulse

Question 41

Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems.Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?

A)GABA
B)dopamine
C)serotonin
D)acetylcholine

Question 42

Curare,a poison,works by ______.

A)blocking receptor sites and acting as an antagonist for acetylcholine
B)stimulating the release of excessive amounts of acetylcholine
C)stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
D)inhibiting the production of inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 43

GABA functions as_________.

A)the major neurotransmitter involved in voluntary movements
B)an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
C)the neurotransmitter responsible for slowing intestinal activity during stress
D)the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Question 44

______ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.

A)Acetylcholine
B)GABA
C)Dopamine
D)Endorphin

Question 45

Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses,makes sense out of it,makes decisions,and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?

A)spinal cord
B)brain
C)reflexes
D)interneurons

Question 46

The central nervous system consists of ______.

A)the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
B)the brain and spinal cord
C)muscles and glands
D)sense organs and sensory neurons

Question 47

How is acetylcholine removed from the synapse?

A)It is broken down by an enzyme.
B)It is taken back up in the synapse.
C)It dissipates in the surrounding body fluids.
D)Acetylcholine is one of the few neurotransmitters that is continually present in the synapse.

Question 48

After being bitten by a black widow spider,Jean starts to convulse.This is a result of _____.

A)a lack of gabba being released into her blood stream
B)a resurgence of neurotransmitters overstimulating her brain stem
C)a surge of chemicals blocking the transmission of fluids to the spinal cord
D)a flood of acetylcholine releasing into the body's muscle system

Question 49

Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

A)serotonin
B)GABA
C)acetylcholine
D)norepinephrine

Question 50

Sara has been experiencing a serious memory problem.An interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved.Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in this problem?

A)GABA
B)dopamine
C)serotonin
D)acetylcholine

Question 51

Because they have similar chemical structures,morphine and other opiates are able to lock into receptor sites for ______.

A)GABA
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)endorphins

Question 52

The poison of the black widow spider works by stimulating the release of excessive amounts of ______.

A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)endorphins
D)serotonin

Question 53

____________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons,whereas _____________ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will send its message.

A)Excitatory;inhibitory
B)Inhibitory;excitatory
C)Augmentation;depletion
D)Depletion;augmentation

Question 54

The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into the ______.

A)myelin sheath
B)axon
C)synapse
D)synaptic vesicle

Question 55

Pain-controlling chemicals in the body are called ______.

A)neural regulators
B)histamines
C)androgens
D)endorphins

Question 56

Reuptake is________.

A)a chemical that is released into the synaptic gap
B)a protein molecule on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters
C)a process by which neurotransmitters are sucked back into the synaptic vesicles
D)a chemical that plays a role in learning and attention

Question 57

The brain and spinal cord are two components of the______.

A)central nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)peripheral nervous system
D)autonomic nervous system

Question 58

Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock?

A)synapses
B)receptor sites
C)neural chiasms
D)response terminals

Question 59

Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep,mood,and appetite?

A)GABA
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Question 60

Endorphins are ______.

A)found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
B)less powerful than enkaphalins
C)pain-controlling chemicals
D)radically different in function from neurotransmitters

Question 61

Which of the following is a long bundle of neurons that functions as a carrier of messages from the body to the brain and from the brain to the body and is responsible for certain reflexes?

A)spinal cord
B)cerebellum
C)somatic nervous system
D)amygdala

Question 62

The division of the nervous system that allows the brain and the spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems of the eyes,ears,skin,and mouth,and allows the brain and spinal cord to control the muscles and glands of the body is called the ______.

A)peripheral nervous system
B)central nervous system
C)endocrine system
D)secondary nervous system

Question 63

The peripheral nervous system consists of the _______ and the ______ nervous systems.

A)autonomic;somatic
B)autonomic;sympathetic
C)parasympathetic;somatic
D)parasympathetic;sympathetic

Question 64

Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons?

A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)reflexes

Question 65

Mary put her hand on a hot stove.Which neuron is responsible for sending a pain message up her spinal column,where it would then enter into the main area of the cord?

A)motor neuron
B)interneuron
C)sensory neuron
D)reflex

Question 66

Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing.One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident.This is an example of the brain's ______ which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.

A)adaptology
B)stagnation
C)neuroplasticity
D)reflex arc

Question 67

Which statement is untrue about stem cells?

A)They are basic types of cells which can transform into other cells such as brain or nerve cells.
B)They are found in many organs of the body and also bone marrow.
C)The Stem Cell Enhancement Research Act was passed by President Bush allowing scientists to collect new stem cells from human embryos.
D)There is a debate presently whether or not it is ethical to use human embryos for research even if the benefits include cures for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases.

Question 68

Vladimir is typing on the computer keyboard.The motion of his fingers on the keys is probably being controlled by______.

A)the autonomic nervous system
B)sensory pathway neurons
C)motor pathway neurons
D)autonomic neurons

Question 69

Stem cells which are not embryonic in origin _____________________.

A)do not want to change into cells of the tissue in which they originate.
B)easily change into new cells for parts of the body in which they are needed.
C)have been found to be less effective in generating new cells.
D)usually originate from terminated pregnancies.

Question 70

The long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain and is responsible for very fast,lifesaving reflexes is called the ________.

A)spinal cord
B)brain
C)reflexes
D)interneurons

Question 71

Cameron touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away.His quick response occurs because_______.

A)the pain message goes up the spinal column to the central area of the spinal cord instead of going all the way to the brain
B)the brain has registered that pain is occurring and responds quickly
C)his glands have secreted chemical messengers called hormones
D)neurons in the spinal cord touch end to end to increase response speed

Question 72

Why do many reflexes,such as pulling your hand away from a hot iron,happen so quickly?

A)They involve the neurotransmitter GABA rather than dopamine.
B)The message involved does not have to go all the way to the brain.
C)The speed of processing is faster in the frontal lobes than in the occipital lobes.
D)The path that reflexes follow to the brain is direct and does not involve any neurotransmitters.

Question 73

LaKeisha stepped on a piece of glass and quickly pulled her foot away from that sharp object.Which of the following are responsible for sending a message to the muscles in LaKeisha's foot,resulting in her pulling her foot away from the piece of glass?

A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)reflexes

Question 74

The peripheral nervous system consists of ______.

A)all the nerve cells that are not in the brain and spinal cord
B)all nerves in the brain and the spinal cord
C)the spinal cord and autonomic system
D)the brain and the autonomic system

Question 75

Neurons found in the center of the spinal cord that receive information from the sensory neurons and send commands to the muscles through the motor neurons are called__________.

A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)reflexes

Question 76

Neurons that carry information from the senses to the spinal cord are called ___________.

A)motor neurons
B)interneurons
C)sensory neurons
D)reflexes

Question 77

Which statement is untrue about the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A)The PNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
B)The PNS consists of the nerves and neurons not in the central nervous system (CNS).
C)The PNS allows the brain and spinal cord to coordinate with sensory systems.
D)The PNS allows the brain and spinal cord to coordinate with muscles and glands in the body.

Question 78

Which of the following are the three basic types of neurons?

A)reflexes,sensory neurons,motor neurons
B)sensory neurons,motor neurons,stem cells
C)motor neurons,stem cells,reflexes
D)interneurons,sensory neurons,motor neurons

Question 79

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that is made up of all nerves carrying messages from the senses to the central nervous system and all nerves carrying messages from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles is called the _________.

A)autonomic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)somatic nervous system
D)central nervous system

Question 80

Voluntary muscles are controlled by the ________nervous system.

A)somatic
B)autonomic
C)sympathetic
D)parasympathetic