Deck 6: Memory

Question 1

Although Sperling found evidence that iconic memory lasts about half a second,in reality information gets pushed out rather quickly by newer information.Evidence suggests that iconic memory really lasts about __________ of a second.

A)three quarters
B)half
C)one quarter
D)one tenth

Answer 1

one quarter

Question 2

The semantic network model of memory would suggest that which of the following questions would take longest to answer?

A)Is a collie a dog?
B)Is a collie a mammal?
C)Is a collie an animal?
D)There would be no difference in answering times.

Answer 2

Is a collie an animal?

Question 3

When Greg tried to remember the name of his employer's wife,he had trouble getting the right name.At first he thought it might be Sandy or Candy but finally realized that it was Mandy.Greg's confusion is evidence that short-term memories are primarily encoded in __________ form.

A)acoustic
B)visual
C)tactile
D)optical

Answer 3

acoustic

Question 4

When retrieving a long-term memory,bits and pieces of information are gathered from various areas and put back together in a process called __________.

A)consolidation.
B)redintegration.
C)constructive processing.
D)automatic processing.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an example of a test using recall?

A)short answer
B)essay
C)fill in the blanks
D)true-false

Question 6

The best method for encoding long-term memories is probably to use __________.

A)maintenance rehearsal.
B)rote rehearsal.
C)elaborative rehearsal.
D)sleep learning.

Question 7

Ebbinghaus found that information is forgotten __________.

A)more rapidly as time goes by.
B)gradually at first,then increasing in speed of forgetting.
C)quickly at first,then tapering off gradually.
D)most quickly 1 day after learning.

Question 8

Roberta looked up from her book,realizing that Joaquin had just said something to her.What was it? Oh,yes,he had just asked her if she wanted to go out to dinner.Roberta's ability to retrieve what Joaquin said is due to her __________.

A)iconic sensory memory.
B)echoic sensory memory.
C)short-term memory.
D)tactile sensory memory.

Question 9

In the __________ model of memory,memories are simultaneously created and stored across a mental network.

A)levels-of-processing
B)parallel distributed processing
C)transfer-appropriate processing
D)information-processing

Question 10

Knowledge that we gain from school textbooks is called __________ memory.

A)procedural
B)declarative
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 11

Is eyewitness testimony usually accurate?

A)Yes,because seeing is believing.
B)No,because eyewitnesses are not usually honest.
C)Yes,because eyewitnesses are very confident about their testimony.
D)No,because there is a great possibility of a false-positive identification.

Question 12

The levels-of-processing concept of Craik and Lockhart would suggest that which of the following questions would lead to better memory of the word frog?

A)Does it rhyme with blog?
B)Is it in capital letters?
C)Is it written in cursive?
D)Would it be found in a pond?

Question 13

The passage of time and frequency of events are examples of knowledge that is often subject to __________.

A)encoding specificity.
B)automatic encoding.
C)flashbulb memories.
D)eidetic imagery.

Question 14

Although the capacity of short-term memory is limited,more items can be held in this kind of storage through the process of __________.

A)chunking.
B)decoding.
C)rote rehearsal.
D)data compression.

Question 15

Which type of long-term memory is revised and updated more or less constantly?

A)procedural
B)declarative
C)semantic
D)episodic

Question 16

The research of Eich and Metcalf would suggest that if you were really angry when you were learning Spanish,you should be __________ when taking the final exam for best retrieval.

A)really calm
B)unemotional
C)angry
D)depressed

Question 17

Memory can best be described as __________.

A)a series of storage bins or boxes.
B)a process of storage.
C)an active system that encodes,stores,and retrieves information.
D)a series of passive data files.

Question 18

Melanie was having a difficult time describing the man who took her purse in the mall parking lot.The officer showed her some pictures of people who had been involved in similar crimes,and she was quickly able to point out the right man.Melanie's situation is a reminder that in comparing recognition to recall,recognition tends to be __________.

A)easier.
B)slower.
C)more difficult.
D)less accurate.

Question 19

The duration of echoic memory is __________ than iconic memory,but its capacity is probably __________.

A)shorter;larger.
B)longer;smaller.
C)longer;about the same.
D)shorter;about the same.

Question 20

The serial position effect predicts that the information that will be remembered best from a list will come at the __________ of the list.

A)beginning
B)end
C)middle
D)beginning and the end

Question 21

You started out by using WordPerfect and then moved to Microsoft Word because your company demanded that all documents be in Word.If you have trouble with Word,it is most likely due to __________.

A)proactive interference.
B)retroactive interference.
C)anterograde interference.
D)consolidation problems.

Question 22

A problem with using decay or disuse theory to explain forgetting from long-term memory is that __________.

A)older people can still remember things from their early years.
B)there is no physical change in the brain when forming longterm memories.
C)older memories always get lost,whereas newer memories always remain.
D)older people cannot remember events in their childhood.

Question 23

One theory that explains infantile amnesia states that these memories are __________.

A)never fully stored and,therefore,not available.
B)explicit and not retrievable consciously.
C)implicit and not retrievable consciously.
D)repressed.

Question 24

The earliest and main type of memory problem that people with dementia,including Alzheimer's disease,typically have is called __________.

A)psychogenic amnesia.
B)retrograde amnesia.
C)retroactive amnesia.
D)anterograde amnesia.