Deck 4: Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs

Question 1

Most of our time awake is spent in a state called __________,in which our thoughts,feelings,and sensations are clear and organized,and we feel alert.

A)altered state of consciousness
B)waking consciousness
C)unconsciousness
D)working consciousness

Answer 1

waking consciousness

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring substance?

A)nicotine
B)amphetamine
C)caffeine
D)cocaine

Answer 2

amphetamine

Question 3

If you are in REM sleep but are able to move around and act out your dreams,you may have a rare condition called __________.

A)REM behavior disorder.
B)somnambulism.
C)nightmare disorder.
D)narcolepsy.

Answer 3

REM behavior disorder.

Question 4

The symptoms of sleep deprivation include all but which of the following?

A)trembling hands
B)inability to concentrate
C)feeling of general discomfort
D)hypnic jerk

Question 5

When light begins to fade at the end of the day,the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the __________ signals the pineal gland to release __________.

A)hippocampus;melatonin.
B)hippocampus;serotonin.
C)hypothalamus;melatonin.
D)hypothalamus;serotonin.

Question 6

Jackie used Ecstasy while she was in college,but now that she has a government job she has avoided using any recreational drugs.Although she had no problem quitting,she still finds that every now and then she gets a strong craving to use Ecstasy again.Her craving is most likely the result of __________.

A)psychological dependence.
B)physical dependency.
C)withdrawal.
D)none of the above.

Question 7

What is the first stage of sleep in which,if awakened,you will realize that you were asleep?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4

Question 8

You hear about an accident that took place at 3:00 A.M.The car was traveling along and then seemed to drift into the opposing lane of traffic,hitting an oncoming car head on.Given the early morning time,you suspect that the driver of the car that drifted over the center line most likely experienced a __________.

A)lapse in judgment.
B)microsleep episode.
C)hypnogogic episode.
D)hypnopompic episode.

Question 9

Hypnosis has been shown to do all of the following BUT __________.

A)induce amnesia for what happens during the hypnotic state.
B)provide pain relief without medication.
C)alter sensory perceptions.
D)regress people back to their early childhood experiences.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an example of a circadian rhythm?

A)menstrual cycle
B)sleep-wake cycle
C)blood pressure changes
D)body temperature changes

Question 11

Which of the following situations is NOT an altered state of consciousness?

A)You are daydreaming.
B)You have been drinking beer.
C)You are concentrating on a math test.
D)You are asleep.

Question 12

Night terrors __________.

A)are the same thing as nightmares.
B)are always vividly remembered afterward.
C)are more common in children.
D)take place in one of the lighter stages of sleep.

Question 13

In which stage of sleep do night terrors occur?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4

Question 14

A sleep disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air gently into the nasal passages is called __________.

A)sleep apnea.
B)insomnia.
C)narcolepsy.
D)cataplexy.

Question 15

If you suddenly and without warning slip into REM sleep during the day,often falling down as you do so,you may have the condition called __________.

A)sleep apnea.
B)insomnia.
C)narcolepsy.
D)epilepsy.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about REM sleep is FALSE?

A)The eyes move rapidly back and forth under the eyelids.
B)Most people report that they were dreaming if awakened.
C)The body is aroused and brain waves resemble waking beta waves.
D)Lack of REM sleep produces psychological disorders.

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT listed as one of the factors involved in the ability to go to sleep?

A)body mass
B)body temperature
C)serotonin levels
D)melatonin levels

Question 18

Randall tells his therapist that he had a dream about riding on a train that went through a tunnel.The therapist tells Randall that his dream was most likely about sexual intercourse,as the tunnel represents a woman's vagina.Randall's therapist is using the __________ theory of dreams to explain Randall's dream.

A)activation-synthesis
B)dreams-for-survival
C)Hobson/McCarley
D)Freudian

Question 19

Sleepwalking __________.

A)is partly hereditary.
B)occurs more frequently in girls than in boys.
C)occurs in about 50 percent of the population.
D)lasts well into late adulthood in most people.

Question 20

It might be best to say that adaptive theory explains __________,whereas restorative theory explains __________.

A)why we need to sleep;when we sleep.
B)where we sleep;why we need to sleep.
C)why we need to sleep;where we sleep.
D)when we sleep;why we need to sleep.

Question 21

Alcohol actually __________ the release of GABA,a neurotransmitter that inhibits many brain functions.

A)depresses
B)decreases
C)stimulates
D)prevents

Question 22

"Magic mushrooms" are the source of __________.

A)marijuana.
B)psilocybin.
C)mescaline.
D)Ecstasy.

Question 23

High doses of marijuana can lead to __________.

A)death.
B)hallucinations and delusions.
C)extreme arousal.
D)none of the above.

Question 24

__________ was originally thought to be a more pure form of morphine,with fewer side effects.

A)Heroin
B)Laudanum
C)Paregoric
D)Methadone

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a depressant?

A)alcohol
B)valium
C)PCP
D)barbiturate