Deck 1: The Science of Psychology

Question 1

The entire group that a researcher is interested in is called a

A)sample.
B)population.
C)subject pool.
D)survey.

Answer 1

population.

Question 2

Which perspective looks at perception,learning,and memory?

A)psychoanalysis
B)behaviorism
C)cognitive psychology
D)evolutionary perspective

Answer 2

cognitive psychology

Question 3

__________ was (were)the focus of Watson's behaviorism.

A)Conscious experiences
B)Gestalt perceptions
C)The unconscious mind
D)Observable experiences

Answer 3

Observable experiences

Question 4

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would best be advised to see a

A)psychiatrist.
B)psychoanalyst.
C)psychiatric social worker.
D)psychologist.

Question 5

Which of the following professionals in psychology has the broadest area of interests and functions?

A)psychiatrist
B)psychoanalyst
C)psychiatric social worker
D)psychologist

Question 6

In the scientific method,forming an educated guess is called

A)reporting your results.
B)perceiving a question.
C)drawing conclusions.
D)forming a hypothesis.

Question 7

A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities.This psychologist is most interested in the goal of

A)description.
B)explanation.
C)prediction.
D)control.

Question 8

Which early theorist developed his perspective on psychology by basing it on Darwin's "survival of the fittest" doctrine?

A)Wilhelm Wundt
B)William James
C)John Watson
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 9

Which of the following specialties in psychology provides diagnosis and treatment for less serious mental problems such as adjustment disorders?

A)developmental
B)counseling
C)personality
D)experimental

Question 10

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of

A)introspectionism.
B)functionalism.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)Gestalt psychology.

Question 11

Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?

A)psychoanalysis
B)behaviorism
C)cognitive psychology
D)humanism

Question 12

Who is most associated with the technique of introspection?

A)Wundt
B)James
C)Watson
D)Wertheimer

Question 13

Which perspective emphasizes the biological bases for shared,universal mental characteristics?

A)psychoanalysis
B)behaviorism
C)cognitive psychology
D)evolutionary perspective

Question 14

Harlan wanted to write realistically about street gangs,so he pretended to be a teenager and joined a real gang.This is most similar to the method of

A)laboratory observation.
B)the observer effect.
C)the case study.
D)participant observation.

Question 15

Jenna suffers from a nervous tic of washing her hands repeatedly and being unable to resist washing them again and again.Which perspective would explain Jenna's hand-washing behavior as a result of repressed conflicts?

A)psychodynamic perspective
B)cognitive psychology
C)behaviorism
D)biopsychology

Question 16

In the definition of psychology,the term mental processes means

A)internal,covert processes.
B)outward behavior.
C)overt actions and reactions.
D)only animal behavior.

Question 17

Who was denied a Ph.D.despite completing all the requirements for earning the degree?

A)Mary Whiton Calkins
B)Mary Cover Jones
C)Margaret Washburn
D)Eleanor Gibson

Question 18

Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best fit are interested in the goal of

A)description.
B)explanation.
C)prediction.
D)control.

Question 19

The main advantage of a case study is

A)the ease of generalizing the results to others.
B)being able to determine cause and effect.
C)the amount of detail it provides about an individual.
D)the large number of people that can be studied at one time.

Question 20

The main advantage of laboratory observation is

A)the degree of control it allows the observer.
B)the degree of participation it allows the observer.
C)the observer effect.
D)the opportunity for representative sampling.

Question 21

A famous newscaster advertises a new magnetic mattress for controlling pain.If Nathaniel decides to order the mattress because he believes that such a well-known personality should know if it works or not,he has made an error in which of the following?

A)Few "truths" do not need to be tested.
B)All evidence is not equal in quality.
C)Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true.
D)Critical thinking requires an open mind.

Question 22

Professor Jones surveyed her six classes and found that students who slept less than 5 hours the night before an exam received lower exam scores than those students who slept 7 hours or more.What kind of correlation is this relationship between hours of sleep and scores?

A)positive
B)negative
C)zero
D)causal

Question 23

Double-blind studies control for

A)the placebo effect.
B)the experimenter effect.
C)the placebo effect and the experimenter effect.
D)extrinsic motivation.

Question 24

In the stereotypes and athletes study,what was the independent variable?

A)the test scores
B)the room in which the test was given
C)the control group
D)the difference in threat level

Question 25

In a __________ study,only the experimenter knows who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group.

A)placebo
B)single-blind
C)double-blind
D)triple-blind

Question 26

In that same experiment,the experimental group would

A)not play the video games.
B)take the memory test while the control group would not.
C)not take the memory test while the control group would.
D)play the video games.

Question 27

Drinking orange juice is negatively correlated with the risk of cancer.Based on this information,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The more orange juice you drink,the higher your risk of cancer.
B)The more orange juice you drink,the lower your risk of cancer.
C)The less orange juice you drink,the lower your risk of cancer.
D)Drinking orange juice causes people to be cancer free.

Question 28

Several years ago two scientists announced that they had achieved "cold fusion" in the laboratory,but further studies failed to replicate their findings and later other scientists found that the original two scientists had used sloppy methods.This highlights which of the following critical thinking principles?

A)Few "truths" do not need to be tested.
B)All evidence is not equal in quality.
C)Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true.
D)Critical thinking requires an open mind.

Question 29

Dr.Silverberg conducted a study in which she tests infants for memory ability.Before she can begin her study,she must obtain

A)permission from the infants.
B)permission from the parents.
C)informed consent from the parents.
D)confidential information from the parents.

Question 30

A researcher designs an experiment to test the effects of playing video games on memory.What would be the dependent variable?

A)scores on a memory test
B)playing video games
C)number of hours spent playing video games
D)the type of video game played

Question 31

Critical thinking means making judgments based on

A)emotional issues.
B)keeping a closed mind.
C)reason and logical evaluation.
D)authority and expertise.