Deck 3: C: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

The components in the sense organs that respond to energy are called _______.

A)sensor cells
B)receptor cells
C)transducers
D)effector cells

Answer 1

receptor cells

Question 2

If a subject in a perception study were listening to sounds and asked to assign a number that is proportional to each sound's intensity,the method being used to measure the psychophysical function is ________.

A)cross-modality matching
B)category judgment
C)magnitude estimation
D)Weber's Law

Answer 2

magnitude estimation

Question 3

"Sensation is to _______ as perception is to _______."

A)psychological;physical
B)gathering;understanding
C)understanding;gathering
D)interpreting;detecting

Answer 3

gathering;understanding

Question 4

The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what __________ you see.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 5

Weber's Law is I/I = K;and values for K are: .02 for weight;.08 for brightness;and .03 for length.If a line is 30" long,what is the minimum change in length before one would notice a difference between the two?

A).9"
B).6"
C).3"
D)none of the above

Question 6

Our ________ enable us to make sense of the sensations that we are continually experiencing.

A)sensory organs
B)motor abilities
C)perceptual abilities
D)sensory abilities

Question 7

The process whereby we receive information from the environment through our receptors is _______.

A)encoding
B)perception
C)sensation
D)transduction

Question 8

Dr.Delmar wants to determine how loud a certain noise must be in order for it to be heard from a distance of 50 feet.Her question involves the concept of:

A)relative magnitude.
B)difference threshold.
C)absolute threshold.
D)just noticeable difference (jnd).

Question 9

The point at which a person can detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is presented is called the __________.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)range threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 10

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor struck several tuning forks,each of which vibrated at a distinct pitch,and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.The doctor was testing Ann's __________.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 11

The idea that large fibers in the sensory nerves can prevent impulses from reaching the brain and thus prevent the sensation of pain is part of the __________ theory of pain.

A)gate-control
B)primary process
C)free nerve ending
D)volley

Question 12

Sensation is _______.

A)the organization of stimuli to create meaningful patterns
B)the stimulation of the senses
C)the presence of sensory cell activity in the absence of external stimulation
D)the result of activity in the efferent nervous system

Question 13

The term "just noticeable difference" is loosely synonymous with __________.

A)separation threshold
B)difference threshold
C)response threshold
D)absolute threshold

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a measure of threshold?

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference
D)separation threshold

Question 15

If a subject in a perception study were listening to sounds and asked to assign one of a provided set of numbers to match to each sound's intensity,the method being used to measure the psychophysical function is _________.

A)cross-modality matching
B)category judgment
C)magnitude estimation
D)Weber's Law

Question 16

Detecting "environmental stimulation" is one way to define ______.

A)perception
B)feeling
C)sensation
D)awareness

Question 17

The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time is called the __________.

A)separation threshold
B)difference threshold
C)response threshold
D)absolute threshold

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Only the difference threshold varies from person to person.
B)Only the absolute threshold is constant for all people.
C)Both the difference threshold and the absolute threshold are constant for all people at all times.
D)Both the absolute threshold and the difference threshold vary from person to person over time.

Question 19

According to Weber's Law,how many grams would have to be added to a 150 gram weight to get a just noticeable difference?

A)1 g
B)3 g
C)8.5 g
D)25 g

Question 20

The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensations at all in a person is the ____________.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)minimum threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 21

If a researcher wanted to know how loudly a person must speak in order to be heard above the noise of two other simultaneous conversations,the researcher would likely measure the ________ .

A)difference threshold
B)marginal intensity
C)relative magnitude
D)absolute threshold

Question 22

The colored part of the eye which contains muscles to contract or expand the pupil is the __________.

A)lens
B)fovea
C)iris
D)cornea

Question 23

The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the __________.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)lens
D)retina

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a measure of threshold?

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference threshold
D)separation threshold

Question 25

_______ studies the relationship between physical energies and psychological experiences.

A)Physiology
B)Psychophysics
C)Psychometrics
D)Psychopathology

Question 26

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor presented tones to Ann through earphones.The tones varied only along the loud-soft dimensions (from very loud to very soft).The doctor asked Ann to raise her hand whenever she heard a sound.The doctor was testing Ann's _______.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 27

Weber's Law states that a just noticeable change in a stimulus magnitude is ________ the original stimulus magnitude.

A)proportional to
B)equal to
C)greater than
D)less than

Question 28

The pupil is the:

A)opening in the center of the iris.
B)colored part of the eye.
C)white of the eye.
D)lining in the back of the eyeball.

Question 29

The problem of subjects knowing too much about the sequencing of intensities during sensation studies is overcome by the method of _______.

A)adjustment
B)limits
C)constant stimuli
D)none of the above

Question 30

If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper,you will see a greenish image of the object.This phenomenon best supports the:

A)Young-Helmholtz opponent-process theory of color vision.
B)Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of color vision.
C)Hering opponent-process theory of color vision.
D)Hering trichromatic theory of color vision.

Question 31

Professor Zander wants to know how loud a certain noise must be in order to be heard from a distance of 50 feet.This question involves the concept of _______.

A)relative magnitude
B)difference threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)inverse discrimination

Question 32

_______ theory was developed to isolate the limits of sensory sensitivity.

A)Method of loci
B)Method adjustment
C)Method of limits
D)Method of constant stimuli

Question 33

When John drives his car at night,he finds that he can barely see traffic and street signs if he looks directly at them.He can increase his visual sensitivity by looking at the signs:

A)out of the side of his eye,because doing so focuses the image on the blind spot
B)out of the side of his eye (using more rods)instead of focusing directly on them (using more cones)
C)and squinting,which focuses the available light more precisely
D)out of the side of his eye (using more cones)instead of focusing directly on them (using more rods)

Question 34

The depressed spot in the retina which occupies the center of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the:

A)fovea.
B)cornea.
C)iris.
D)optic nerve.

Question 35

The minimum intensity of physical stimulation required to produce any sensation at all in a person is the _______.

A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)minimum threshold
D)noticeable threshold

Question 36

A young man enters a completely darkened room and lights a candle.Which of the following sequences best represents the candle's light as it enters his eye?

A)cornea-pupil-lens-retina
B)pupil-cornea-lens-retina
C)lens-cornea-pupil-retina
D)retina-pupil-lens-cornea

Question 37

The pupil is the __________.

A)opening in the center of the iris
B)colored part of the eye
C)white of the eye
D)lining in the back of the eyeball

Question 38

The relation between the amount of physical energy in a stimulus and the sensory experience of that stimulus is studied by:

A)encoding psychology.
B)psychophysics.
C)sensory physiology.
D)transduction psychology.

Question 39

When Ann went to her doctor,he gave her a hearing test.During the test,the doctor struck several tuning forks,each of which was a distinct pitch,and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.The doctor was testing Ann's _______.

A)auditory convergence
B)refractory threshold
C)absolute threshold
D)difference threshold

Question 40

Everyone is asleep but you.You turn down the television set's volume until you can just barely hear it.What method of measuring a sensory threshold are you using?

A)method of incremented stimuli
B)estimation method
C)method of constant stimuli
D)method of adjustment

Question 41

Light enters the eye through the _______.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)iris
D)retina

Question 42

When the eye becomes elongated,people see near objects well,but see far objects poorly.This is what is called _______.

A)farsightedness
B)nearsightedness
C)astigmatism
D)accommodation

Question 43

Rods and cones are connected to ________.

A)optic neurons
B)bipolar neurons
C)interneurons
D)efferent neurons

Question 44

The depressed spot in the retina which occupies the center of the visual field in which images are focused MOST sharply is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)cornea
C)iris
D)optic nerve

Question 45

Lory entered a dark movie theater from the bright sunlight.Which of the following was occurring in her retinal system?

A)a slow shift from cone vision to rod vision
B)a rapid shift from cone vision to rod vision
C)a slow shift from rod vision to cone vision
D)a rapid shift from rod vision to cone vision

Question 46

For humans,the ability to _______ is probably the most important sense.

A)hear
B)taste
C)see
D)smell

Question 47

Which type of receptor cell is associated with seeing colors?

A)ganglia
B)bipolar
C)rods
D)cones

Question 48

The white,opaque outer wall of the eye is called the _________.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)sclera
D)iris

Question 49

When people are nearsighted,this most likely means that their eye:

A)focuses light behind the retina.
B)focuses light on the blindspot.
C)focuses light in front of the retina.
D)has shifted the near point of accommodation due to distortion of the lens.

Question 50

Rods and cones are found in the _______.

A)retina
B)iris
C)optic nerve
D)cornea

Question 51

The eyes convert light energy into neural responses that we experience as sight.The conversion of light energy into sight is done by receptor cells in the _______.

A)iris
B)pupil
C)blind spot
D)retina

Question 52

Window pane is to _______ as color is to iris.

A)retina
B)cornea
C)lens
D)fovea

Question 53

In nearsightedness,the image is focused:

A)on the retina.
B)behind the retina.
C)in front of the retina.
D)on the fovea.

Question 54

The shape of the lens adjusts in order to _______.

A)protect the eye from too much light
B)let in more light when it is dark
C)focus on different objects at different distances
D)allow time for the eye to adjust to bright light

Question 55

Light is focused on the retina by the _______.

A)cornea
B)pupil
C)iris
D)lens

Question 56

The inner lining on the back of the eyeball which is sensitive to light is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)retina
C)iris
D)optic nerve

Question 57

Billy acted out in class and made poor grades.After a vision screening at the school,Billy's teacher moved him to the front of the class.Billy's academic and social behaviors improved.Billy probably has which vision problem?

A)astigmatism
B)farsightedness
C)nearsightedness
D)visual occlusion

Question 58

The most common cause of blindness is which of the following?

A)glaucoma
B)cataracts
C)astigmatism
D)retinitis

Question 59

The lens:

A)is the transparent outer membrane of the eye that covers the pupil and iris.
B)allows one to focus on objects at different distances.
C)allows light initially to enter the eye.
D)controls the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 60

________ are receptors that are best for seeing details.

A)Cones
B)Rods
C)Bipolar cells
D)Ganglion cells

Question 61

The ability to discern fine details in visual patterns is termed:

A)temporal acuity.
B)visual perspicacity.
C)visual acuity.
D)myopia.

Question 62

The physical stimuli for the sense of hearing are called __________ waves.

A)alpha
B)infrared
C)sound
D)sine

Question 63

A dichromat _______.

A)sees all colors
B)is either red-green or yellow-blue color blind
C)responds only to blue-yellow or red-green
D)responds only to black and white

Question 64

Light receptors which see best at night are the _______.

A)foveas
B)cones
C)shafts
D)rods

Question 65

Hue,saturation,and brightness are three separate aspects of our experience of:

A)sensation.
B)acuity.
C)color.
D)night vision.

Question 66

The Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision assumes that:

A)color receptors exist in opposing pairs.
B)color perception is determined by differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
C)there are three different types of cones.
D)all of the above

Question 67

The range of electromagnetic wavelengths that we can see is called the:

A)visible spectrum.
B)acuity range.
C)visual field.
D)visual angle.

Question 68

Adaptation is the process in which _______.

A)receptor cells become linked to one another
B)receptor sensitivity changes depending upon the intensity of the stimulus
C)visual acuity improves as one centers an object's light on the fovea
D)nonspectral colors can be seen

Question 69

The purity,richness,or vividness of a hue is known as its __________.

A)brightness
B)saturation
C)additive mix
D)depth

Question 70

The trichromat:

A)can see all colors of the spectrum.
B)sees only red,green,and white.
C)cannot see color.
D)cannot perceive red and green.

Question 71

The opponent-process theory of color vision contends that color vision is a result of:

A)lateral inhibition on the retina itself.
B)lateral inhibition in the visual cortex.
C)calculation of differences in the firing rates of three types of retinal cells.
D)competition between three types of rods and three types of cones.

Question 72

The vividness or richness of a hue is known as its:

A)brightness.
B)saturation.
C)additive mix.
D)complement.

Question 73

The aspect of color that corresponds to names such as red,green,and blue is __________.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 74

The eyes detect different colors by using the _______.

A)cortex
B)cones
C)shafts
D)rods

Question 75

The trichromatic receptor theory explains how different color receptors in the eye combine to produce color vision.However,this theory does NOT explain:

A)negative afterimages.
B)how color receptors respond differently to different colors.
C)how many color receptors the retina must utilize in order to produce color vision.
D)color vision.

Question 76

Red,green,and blue are _______.

A)primary colors
B)secondary colors
C)additive colors
D)complementary colors

Question 77

The place in the retina where the axons of all the ganglion cells come together to leave the eye is called the _______.

A)fovea
B)optic chiasma
C)blind spot
D)optic nerve

Question 78

What structure in your eye is most like the film in a camera?

A)the retina
B)the lens
C)the cornea
D)the pupil

Question 79

The wavelength of the light to reach your eyes determines what _______ you see.

A)brightness
B)hue
C)saturation
D)fine detail

Question 80

The process by which rods and cones become more sensitive to light in response to lowered levels of illumination is called _______.

A)afterimage resolution
B)light adaptation
C)dark adaptation
D)afterimage adaptation