Deck 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

A)circulation of nutrients.
B)the transport of hormones.
C)defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.
D)the production and distribution of plasma proteins.
E)both the transport of hormones and the production and distribution of plasma proteins.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body except the

A)CNS.
B)periphery.
C)renal arteries.
D)groin.
E)throat.

Answer 2

CNS.

Question 3

Lymphocytes

A)are all actively phagocytic.
B)destroy red blood cells.
C)respond to antigens.
D)are primarily found in red bone marrow.
E)decrease in number during infection.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the

A)left breast.
B)right breast.
C)left arm and shoulder.
D)pelvic viscera.
E)left side of the neck.

Question 5

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

A)Tonsils
B)Peyer's patches
C)Lymph nodes
D)Immune complexes
E)Spleens

Question 6

Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false?

A)Lymph enters in an afferent lymphatic vessel.
B)Lymph first enters the subcapsular space.
C)Lymph flows past dendritic cells.
D)The efferent lymphatic vessel exits at the hilum.
E)The afferent lymphatic vessel enters at the hilum.

Question 7

Lymph draining from your right shoulder flows into

A)the right lymphatic duct.
B)the thoracic duct.

Question 8

T is to ________ as B is to ________.

A)top; bottom
B)thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived
C)thyroid; bowel
D)non-thymus-dependent; bottom
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 9

Compared to blood capillaries,lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they

A)have no basement membrane.
B)are larger in diameter.
C)have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles.
D)are smaller in diameter.
E)are frequently irregular in shape.

Question 10

The merging of ________ forms the right lymphatic duct.

A)the right jugular,right subclavian,and right bronchomediastinal trunks
B)the left jugular,right subclavian,and right bronchomediastinal trunks
C)two great vessels
D)the thoracic and mediastinal ducts
E)superior and inferior lymphatic ducts

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding lymph is false?

A)Lymph derived from interstitial fluid.
B)Lymphatic vessels have valves to direct fluid flow.
C)Lymphatic capillaries have larger diameters than blood capillaries.
D)Lacteals are prominent lymphatic vessels in the respiratory system.
E)Lymphatic capillaries have little or no basement membrane.

Question 12

The thoracic duct originates from an expanded chamber called the

A)lymph node.
B)azygos.
C)hilum.
D)bronchomediastinal trunk.
E)cisterna chyli.

Question 13

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except

A)the thymus.
B)lymphoid nodules.
C)lymph node organs.
D)the spleen.
E)the brain.

Question 14

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

A)right lymphatic duct.
B)thoracic duct.
C)cisterna chyli.
D)hepatic portal vein.
E)dural sinus.

Question 15

Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with

A)hyaline cartilage.
B)blood vessels.
C)adipose tissue.
D)sensory nerve endings.
E)both hyaline cartilage and adipose tissue.

Question 16

Lymphocyte production does not occur in

A)bone marrow.
B)thymus tissue.
C)peripheral lymphoid tissues.
D)the liver.
E)the spleen.

Question 17

The lymphocytes are most important in

A)helping maintain normal blood volume.
B)transporting gases to and away from lymph nodes.
C)eliminating variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.
D)transporting lipids from the digestive tract.
E)fighting infection.

Question 18

All of the following are true of lymphocytes except that

A)they spend most of their time in lymphoid tissue.
B)they have relatively long life spans.
C)they have one nucleus.
D)they are granulocytes.
E)some produce antibodies.

Question 19

A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n)

A)thymosin.
B)complement.
C)chemotoxin.
D)irritant.
E)antigen.

Question 20

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except

A)the appendix.
B)the venae cavae.
C)the spleen.
D)red bone marrow.
E)lymph.

Question 21

________ are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

A)Tonsils
B)Adenoids
C)Peyer's patches
D)Immune complexes
E)Lymph glands

Question 22

The lobules of the thymus are divided by partitions called

A)fissures.
B)septa.
C)hilum.
D)trabeculae.
E)sutures.

Question 23

Figure 20-1
Identify the structure labeled "1."

A)venule
B)lymphatic nodule
C)trabecula
D)afferent lymphatic
E)efferent lymphatic

Question 24

All of the following are true of the thymus gland except that it

A)activates B cells.
B)reaches its greatest relative size before puberty.
C)involutes after puberty.
D)produces T cells.
E)lies in the anterior mediastinum.

Question 25

After puberty,the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous,in a process called

A)atrophy.
B)diminishment.
C)necrosis.
D)involution.
E)conversion.

Question 26

________ are connective tissues dominated by lymphocytes.

A)Dendritic cells
B)Afferent lymphatics
C)Lymphoid tissues
D)Palatine tonsils
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 27

If the thymus shrank and stopped functioning properly,we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

A)B lymphocytes.
B)NK cells.
C)T cells.
D)neutrophils.
E)NK cells and T cells.

Question 28

Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way?

A)They contain T lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues do not.
B)They are found in the digestive tract and lymphoid tissues are found in the thorax.
C)They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not.
D)They cannot produce antibodies,whereas lymphoid tissues can.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 29

Lymph nodes range in diameter from

A)1 nm to 10 nm.
B)1 inch to 2 inches.
C)1 mm to 25 mm.
D)1 cm to 25 cm.
E)1 cm to 1 inch.

Question 30

Figure 20-1
Identify the structure labeled "3."

A)efferent lymphatic
B)hilum
C)outer cortex
D)afferent lymphatic
E)medulla

Question 31

The thymus produces several complementary hormones called

A)catecholamines.
B)thymosins.
C)immunoglobulins.
D)desmosomes.
E)interferons.

Question 32

The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ________ cell.

A)B
B)T helper
C)plasma
D)cytotoxic T
E)NK

Question 33

Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the

A)bone marrow.
B)liver.
C)spleen.
D)thymus.
E)kidneys.

Question 34

Leslie has a bad sore throat,and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen.This would indicate that

A)the focus of the infection is the lymph glands.
B)lymph is not flowing through these lymph glands.
C)the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
D)the lymph gland is actively producing phagocytes.
E)the lymph gland has increased its secretion of thymosin.

Question 35

Figure 20-1
Identify the region labeled "5."

A)germinal center
B)subscapular space
C)medullary sinus
D)trabeculae
E)deep cortex

Question 36

Figure 20-1
Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled "2."

A)monocytes
B)T lymphocytes
C)B cells
D)NK cells
E)erythrocytes

Question 37

The medullary sinus of a lymph node contains ________ lymphocytes and plasma cells.

A)cytotoxic T
B)immature T
C)NK
D)B
E)helper T

Question 38

Figure 20-1
Identify the area where dividing lymphocytes are found.

A)2
B)4
C)5
D)1
E)3

Question 39

Figure 20-1
Identify the structures labeled "4."

A)lymphatic vessels
B)medullae
C)trabeculae
D)dendritic cells
E)venules

Question 40

Lymph nodes do all of the following except

A)produce antibodies.
B)monitor the contents of lymph.
C)remove debris and pathogens from the lymph.
D)detect pathogens.
E)remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

Question 41

The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is called

A)chemotaxis.
B)diapedesis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)apoptosis.
E)involution.

Question 42

The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement,rendering it more likely to be phagocytized,is called

A)neutralization.
B)opsonization.
C)agglutination.
D)antigen presentation.
E)sensitization.

Question 43

Plasma contains ________ proteins that form the complement system.

A)1-3
B)5
C)fewer than 10
D)18-25
E)more than 30

Question 44

Which class of leukocytes is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?

A)T lymphocytes
B)free and fixed macrophages
C)B lymphocytes
D)neutrophils
E)red blood cells

Question 45

Nonspecific defenses would not include

A)phagocytic cells.
B)physical barriers.
C)inflammation.
D)interferons.
E)antibodies.

Question 46

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.

A)NK
B)plasma
C)B
D)helper T
E)suppressor T

Question 47

Interferons are released by some macrophages and lymphocytes,but also by cells carrying what pathogen?

A)parasites
B)viruses
C)bacteria
D)prions
E)spirochetes

Question 48

The white pulp of the spleen is populated by

A)lymphocytes.
B)trabeculae.
C)arteries.
D)veins.
E)fibrous connective tissue.

Question 49

The attraction or repulsion of certain cells to chemicals in their environment is called

A)chemotaxis.
B)diapedesis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)apoptosis.
E)immune surveillance.

Question 50

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

A)T cells.
B)B cells.
C)NK cells.
D)phagocytes.
E)plasma cells.

Question 51

What is perforin?

A)a type of antibody synthesized by B cells
B)a protein produced by NK cells
C)a type of interferon
D)a toxin expressed by some pathogens that is capable of damaging healthy cells
E)a destructive enzyme secreted by sebaceous glands

Question 52

The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except

A)destruction of target cell plasma membranes.
B)stimulation of inflammation.
C)inhibition of the immune response.
D)enhanced phagocytosis.
E)histamine release.

Question 53

Various types of macrophages are derived from

A)lymphocytes.
B)monocytes.
C)neutrophils.
D)eosinophils.
E)basophils.

Question 54

The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the

A)liver.
B)thymus.
C)tonsils.
D)spleen.
E)lymph nodes.

Question 55

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

A)Peyer's patches.
B)adenoids.
C)white pulp.
D)red pulp.
E)lymph nodes.

Question 56

Inflammation produces all of the localized effects except

A)increased swelling.
B)increased redness.
C)increased heat.
D)increased pain.
E)decreased blood flow.

Question 57

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except

A)body hair.
B)epithelium.
C)secretions.
D)complement.
E)basement membranes.

Question 58

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include all of the following except

A)sebaceous glands.
B)mucus.
C)epithelia.
D)epidermal layers.
E)blood.

Question 59

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the complement protein binds to

A)the cell wall of bacteria.
B)the plasma membrane of bacteria.
C)an antibody attached to an antigen.
D)a cell surface antigen.
E)a plasma protein.

Question 60

The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following except

A)the skin.
B)complement.
C)interferon.
D)inflammation.
E)B and T cells.

Question 61

An inflammatory response is triggered when

A)red blood cells release pyrogens.
B)T cells release interferon.
C)mast cells release histamine and heparin.
D)neutrophils phagocytize bacteria.
E)blood flow to an area increases.

Question 62

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.

A)naturally acquired active
B)naturally acquired passive
C)passive
D)auto
E)innate

Question 63

Adaptive immunity is the result of the actions of

A)NK cells.
B)T and B cells.
C)mast cells.
D)antigen-antibody complexes.
E)interferons.

Question 64

Characteristics of specific defenses include all of the following except

A)versatility.
B)tolerance.
C)memory.
D)specificity.
E)intrinsic.

Question 65

Before specific defenses are activated,most antigens must

A)infect cells.
B)be processed by a phagocyte.
C)either infect cells or be processed by a phagocyte.
D)depolarize the lymphocyte.
E)bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte

Question 66

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.

A)naturally acquired active
B)naturally acquired passive
C)passive
D)auto
E)innate

Question 67

The cells responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.

A)NK
B)B
C)helper T
D)cytotoxic T
E)suppressor T

Question 68

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity.

A)active
B)maternal
C)passive
D)auto
E)innate

Question 69

Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?

A)all body cells with a nucleus
B)red blood cells
C)granulocytes and microphages
D)lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
E)liver cells and macrophages in the spleen

Question 70

Which of the following concerning Class I MHC proteins is false?

A)bind complement
B)allow the body to differentiate its own antigens from foreign antigens
C)function in antigen presentation
D)display abnormal peptides on the plasma membrane
E)are found on all nucleated cells

Question 71

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability.This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except

A)redness of the inflamed tissue.
B)chemotaxis of phagocytes.
C)heat of the inflamed tissue.
D)movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space.
E)swelling of the inflamed tissue.

Question 72

The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to do all of the following except

A)activate T cells.
B)display antigen fragments.
C)process antigens.
D)phagocytosis.
E)activate B cells.

Question 73

The cells directly responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.

A)B
B)plasma
C)NK
D)T
E)interferon

Question 74

________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen.

A)Versatility
B)Tolerance
C)Specificity
D)Allergy
E)Hypersensitivity

Question 75

Fever is the maintenance of body temperature higher than

A)37.2°C.
B)99°F.
C)98.6°F.
D)either 37.2°C or 98.6°F.
E)either 37.2°C or 99°F.

Question 76

In passive immunity,the

A)immune system attacks normal body cells.
B)body is deliberately exposed to an antigen.
C)body receives antibodies produced by other humans.
D)body receives antibodies produced by an animal.
E)body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.

Question 77

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens.This would indicate that John

A)is feeling achy.
B)is producing T lymphocytes.
C)has a sore throat.
D)is running a fever.
E)has swollen lymph nodes.

Question 78

In response to tissue damage and infection,circulating proteins called pyrogens

A)cause inflammation.
B)produce a fever.
C)activate complement.
D)opsonize pathogens.
E)activate antibodies.

Question 79

Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

A)nonspecific immunity.
B)specific immunity.
C)immunological surveillance.
D)skin defenses.
E)fever.

Question 80

In an experimental situation,a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies.These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease.This is an example of

A)innate immunity.
B)active immunization.
C)passive immunity.
D)natural immunity.
E)alloimmunity.