Deck 21: Blood

Question 1

The concentration of dissolved oxygen is _______ in plasma than in interstitial fluid.

A)higher
B)lower
C)the same

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the

A)globulins.
B)endocrine hormones.
C)albumins.
D)fibrinogens.
E)prothrombins.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body.If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues,blood pressure will

A)increase.
B)decrease.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes

A)are actually dead.
B)lack a nucleus and organelles.
C)have lots of inclusion molecules.
D)are not red.
E)can form a rouleau when moving through a capillary.

Question 5

The globulins make up about ________ percent of all plasma proteins.

A)58
B)37
C)4
D)1
E)85

Question 6

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?

A)Regulation
B)Prevention
C)Protection
D)Transportation

Question 7

If a patient becomes dehydrated,the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)not change.

Question 8

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to

A)oxygen.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)nitrogen.
D)both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
E)oxygen,carbon dioxide,and nitrogen.

Question 9

Among the constituents of plasma,sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate ions are classified as

A)nutrients.
B)respiratory gases.
C)wastes.
D)electrolytes.
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 10

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood.

A)25
B)35
C)45
D)55
E)75

Question 11

The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units.

A)heme
B)globin
C)iron
D)calcium
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 12

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to

A)increase the viscosity of the blood.
B)decrease the blood pressure in the arteries.
C)decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
D)increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood.
E)increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

Question 13

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight?

A)1%
B)25%
C)46%
D)92%
E)98%

Question 14

The difference in concentration of various constituents in the plasma and interstitial fluid ensures that the constituents will

A)be able to chemically react at the appropriate place.
B)be able to diffuse through the capillary wall.
C)remain in their respective locations.
D)require an active transport mechanism to move.

Question 15

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)16

Question 16

The "buffy" coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of

A)platelets and leukocytes.
B)leukocytes.
C)platelets.
D)erythrocytes.
E)erythrocytes and leukocytes.

Question 17

An individual's hematocrit is dependent on his or her

A)age.
B)sex.
C)altitude.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Blood is correctly classified as a(n)

A)organ.
B)tissue.
C)organ system.
D)intracellular fluid.

Question 19

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?

A)Regulation
B)Protection
C)Prevention
D)Transportation

Question 20

How many globin molecules are found in a single hemoglobin molecule?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6
E)8

Question 21

Which are characteristic of leukocytes?
A: Smaller than erythrocytes
B: Have a nucleus
C: Have no hemoglobin
D: More numerous than erythrocytes
E: Depending on type,may or may not contain granules

A)a,b,c,d
B)b,c,e
C)b,c,d,e
D)a,b,c,d,e
E)a,b,e

Question 22

The agglutinogens that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are

A)found on the surface of erythrocytes.
B)found in the cytoplasm of the erythrocytes.
C)located on the surface of the leukocytes.
D)located in the cytoplasm of the leukocytes.
E)part of the reticular connective tissue of the spleen.

Question 23

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion,it may indicate

A)the wrong blood type was used.
B)the recipient had type AB blood.
C)there were no agglutinins (antibodies)in the recipient blood.
D)the donor had type O blood.

Question 24

The leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is the

A)eosinophil.
B)basophil.
C)lymphocyte.
D)neutrophil.
E)monocyte.

Question 25

The leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as macrophages is the

A)eosinophil.
B)basophil.
C)monocyte.
D)lymphocyte.
E)neutrophil.

Question 26

Usually the least numerous of the leukocytes are the

A)eosinophils.
B)basophils.
C)monocytes.
D)lymphocytes.
E)neutrophils.

Question 27

Which are characteristic of type O blood?
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

A)a,b,c
B)a,b,e
C)b,c,e
D)b,c,d
E)c

Question 28

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called

A)leukopenia.
B)hemopoiesis.
C)leukocytosis.
D)erythroblastosis.
E)agglutination.

Question 29

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

A)Donor is Type A and recipient has antibody anti-B
B)Donor is Type B and recipient has antibody anti-A
C)Donor is Type O and recipient is Type O
D)Donor is Type A and recipient is Type AB
E)Donor is Type AB and recipient is Type B

Question 30

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood?
A: Always has Rh (anti-D)antibodies
B: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D)antibodies be present
C: Always has Rh (D)antigen
D: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D)antigen be present
E: Is inherited independent of the ABO group

A)a,c
B)b,c,e
C)a,d,e
D)b,e
E)a,e

Question 31

Which leukocytes are granulocytes?
A: Neutrophils
B: Eosinophils
C: Lymphocytes
D: Monocytes
E: Basophils
F: Erythrocytes

A)a,b,c
B)b,d,e
C)a,b,e,f
D)c,d
E)a,b,e

Question 32

Congenital hemolytic anemia is

A)when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal.
B)when there is an inherited anemia associated with a defect in iron uptake.
C)caused by a failure of the body to absorb Vitamin B₁₂.
D)characterized by a large number of immature,nucleated cells.
E)characterized by significantly decreased formation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin due to defective red bone marrow.

Question 33

Usually the most numerous of the leukocytes are the

A)eosinophils.
B)basophils.
C)lymphocytes.
D)neutrophils.
E)monocytes.

Question 34

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.

A)10
B)30
C)60
D)120
E)360

Question 35

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.)
A: The heme group is converted into biliverdin.
B: Bilirubin is stored in the liver.
C: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed.
D: The iron ions are stored in the liver.
E: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow.
F: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused.
G: The erythrocyte contents,excluding the globins,are excreted via the digestive tract unchanged.

A)a,b,c,e,f
B)a,c,d,f
C)a,b,c,g
D)c,d,g
E)c,e,g

Question 36

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

A)liver.
B)spleen.
C)lung.
D)liver and spleen.
E)spleen and lung.

Question 37

T-cells are a category of

A)eosinophils.
B)basophils.
C)lymphocytes.
D)neutrophils.
E)monocytes.

Question 38

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the

A)eosinophil.
B)basophil.
C)lymphocyte.
D)neutrophil.
E)monocyte.

Question 39

Why is the name "thrombocyte" inappropriate for platelets?

A)They are not very numerous.
B)They have multiple nuclei.
C)Their plasma membrane is irregularly shaped.
D)They are smaller than erythrocytes.
E)They have no nucleus.

Question 40

Which are characteristic of type A blood?
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
F: Will agglutinate with blood type B

A)b,c,d,f
B)a,c,d,f
C)a,d,f
D)b,c,f
E)a,c,f

Question 41

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated,number 2 indicates

A)erythrocytes.
B)plasma.
C)leukocytes.
D)platelets.
E)leukocytes and platelets.

Question 42

Macrophages are the converted monocytes that phagocytize bacteria,cell fragments,dead cells,and debris.

Question 43

Erythrocytes exhibit a limited lifespan due to their inability to synthesize the proteins necessary to repair themselves.

Question 44

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated,what blood components are contained in the layer labeled number 3?

A)Leukocytes and platelets
B)Plasma and water
C)Erythrocytes
D)Plasma,water,waste materials,and electrolytes
E)Leukocytes and waste materials

Question 45

The ABO and Rh blood types are inherited independently of each other.

Question 46

If your body temperature is 37ºC,then your blood temperature will be about 36ºC.

Question 47

The concentration of dissolved oxygen is higher in plasma than in interstitial fluid.

Question 48

The concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide is higher in blood than in interstitial fluid.

Question 49

Unused platelets last about 8 to 10 days before they are broken down and their contents recycled.

Question 50

Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis?
A: Proerythroblast
B: Normoblast
C: Myeloid stem cell
D: Reticulocyte
E: Erythroblast
F: Mature erythrocyte

A)c,a,e,b,d,f
B)a,b,c,e,d,f
C)a,c,d,b,e,f
D)c,b,a,d,e,f
E)c,a,b,e,d,f

Question 51

The growth factor that increases the formation of erythrocytes,all classes of granulocytes,monocytes,and platelets from myeloid stem cells is

A)EPO
B)M-CSF
C)G-CSF
D)Multi-CSF
E)GM-CSF

Question 52

The blood type of a person missing the surface antigen D is Rh-positive.

Question 53

The cytoplasm of an erythrocyte has numerous molecules called surface antigens that may elicit an antibody attack under the right conditions.

Question 54

Which leukocytes are derived from the myeloid line?

A)Neutrophils
B)Basophils and eosinophils
C)Lymphocytes and monocytes
D)Lymphocytes
E)Neutrophils,basophils,eosinophils,and monocytes

Question 55

The antigen-antibody reaction is an example of the regulation function of blood.

Question 56

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated,which number indicates the layer containing water,plasma proteins,nutrients,and waste products?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 57

Simply put,antibodies are molecules on the lookout for antigens.

Question 58

Globulins make up the second largest group of plasma proteins.

Question 59

When viewing a centrifuged blood sample,the erythrocytes will be on the top.

Question 60

Which type of leukocyte increases in number because of the presence of an allergen?

A)Basophil
B)Lymphocyte
C)Eosinophil
D)Neutrophil
E)Monocyte

Question 61

Two of the four globin chains in the hemoglobin molecule are called alpha chains and the other two are called ________________ chains.

Question 62

The iron of the heme unit of hemoglobin is transported in the blood by the protein _________________ after the aged erythrocytes are phagocytized.

Question 63

When a finger is pricked,the blood will stop flowing shortly because of the action of the formed elements called ______________.

Question 64

Because it is found outside of (rather than within)cells,plasma is considered to be an _______________ fluid.

Question 65

The heme group from the phagocytized erythrocyte is converted into a green pigment called ________________.

Question 66

A person with erythrocytes that have surface antigen A,but not surface antigen B,is said to have type _________ blood. A

Question 67

The iron that has been transferred to the liver after the aged erythrocytes were phagocytized is stored by the protein _______________.

Question 68

The rupture of erythrocytes is called ____________.

Question 69

The maintenance of a blood pH of about 7.4 and correct fluid levels are part of the _____________ function of blood.

Question 70

The general name of the molecules given to an Rh negative individual to prevent the formation of Rh antibodies is ___________.

Question 71

When the proteins are removed from plasma,the remaining fluid is called _____________.

Question 72

If the blood pH falls below 7.4 to 7.0,a condition called _____________ results and the central nervous system is depressed.

Question 73

The molecule to which both oxygen and carbon dioxide can attach in an erythrocyte is called _________________.

Question 74

Fibrin,which is produced from the plasma protein _______________,helps form blood clots.

Question 75

The percentage of the volume of all formed elements in the blood is called the _______________.

Question 76

During hemopoiesis,the lymphoid line forms lymphocytes only.

Question 77

Aged erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen by cells called ________________.

Question 78

A _______________ (singular)is the name for the cylinder shape that erythrocytes form as they line up in single file for passage through the smallest blood vessels.

Question 79

The GM-CSF growth factor accelerates the formation of all granulocytes and monocytes from their progenitor cells.

Question 80

M-CSF is a growth factor that stimulates the production of monocytes from myeloblast cells.