Deck 2: The Celt Basic Unit of Structure and Function

Question 1

Among the factors that influence cell membrane permeability are

A)phospholipid composition of the membrane.
B)ionic charge along the membrane.
C)presence or absence of transport proteins.
D)molecule size.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which is an active transport process?

A)Simple diffusion
B)Bulk filtration
C)Osmosis
D)Facilitated diffusion
E)Ion pump

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which are not considered to be "inclusions" in the cytoplasm?

A)Melanin droplets
B)Protein droplets
C) Fixed ribosomes
D)Glycogen granules
E)Lipid droplets

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Functions of human body cells include

A)covering.
B)storage.
C)movement.
D)communication.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Which is a non-membrane-bound organelle?

A)Microtubule
B)Lysosome
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E)Mitochondrion

Question 6

The ______ is the cell's control center.

A)Golgi apparatus
B)nucleus
C)lysosome
D)cytosol
E)smooth ER

Question 7

Another name for the intracellular fluid is

A)cytosol.
B)interstitial fluid.
C)intercellular matrix.
D)cytoplasm.
E)cisternae.

Question 8

The microscope of choice for a detailed three-dimensional study of the surface of a specimen is the

A)scanning electron microscope.
B)transmission electron microscope.
C)light microscope.
D)naked eye.
E)telescope.

Question 9

Proteins that are embedded within and extend across the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins.

A)catalytic
B)integral
C)cytoskeleton
D)peripheral

Question 10

Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.

A)Peroxisomes
B)Mitochondria
C)Smooth ER
D)Golgi apparatus
E)Lysosomes

Question 11

Which of these is considered a "gatekeeper" that regulates the passage of materials in or out of the cell?

A)Cilia
B)Plasma membrane
C)Lysosome
D)Cholesterol molecule
E)Flagellum

Question 12

Which of the following structures function in holding other organelles in place,maintaining cell shape and rigidity,and direct organelle movement?

A)Centrioles
B)Flagella
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Microtubules
E)Cilia

Question 13

The _______ is responsible for forming the outer,limiting barrier of a cell.

A)peroxisome
B)ribosome
C)mitochondrion
D)plasma membrane
E)centrosome

Question 14

The unit of measurement often used to measure cell size is the

A)millimeter.
B)micrometer.
C)hectometer.
D)centimeter.
E)meter.

Question 15

Which is a passive transport process?

A)Phagocytosis
B)Pinocytosis
C)Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D)Osmosis
E)Ion pump

Question 16

Human body cells have many functions,including

A)making connections.
B)providing for defense.
C)lining surfaces.
D)producing new cells.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Proteins that assist the movement of a substance across the membrane are called _____ proteins.

A) peripheral
B)transport
C) cell-to-cell recognition (identification)
D) receptor

Question 18

The _________ are responsible for synthesizing most of a human body cell's ATP.

A)lysosomes
B)microfilaments
C)nucleoli
D)ribosomes
E)mitochondria

Question 19

An image produced by passing visible light through a specimen is obtained using the

A)transmission electron microscope.
B)light microscope.
C)scanning electron microscope.
D)dissecting scope.

Question 20

The movement of glucose across a plasma membrane is achieved by

A)ion pumps.
B)receptor-mediated exocytosis.
C)osmosis.
D)facilitated diffusion.
E)phagocytosis.

Question 21

During its mitotic phase a cell is

A)undergoing maintenance.
B)dividing.
C) duplicating its DNA.
D) growing in size.

Question 22

The uptake of cholesterol into cells is an example of

A)phagocytosis.
B)pinocytosis.
C)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D)receptor-mediated exocytosis.
E)simple diffusion.

Question 23

Bulk filtration occurs as a result of

A)molecular movement with carrier assistance.
B)hydrostatic pressure.
C)the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
D)concentration gradients.
E)ion pumps.

Question 24

Catalase-containing peroxisomes are most abundant in ______ cells.

A)liver
B)kidney
C)pancreas
D)thymus
E)pituitary

Question 25

Which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and/or secretion?

A)Flagella
B)Microvilli
C)Cilia
D)Cilia and flagella
E)Cilia and microvilli

Question 26

The organelles responsible for organizing microtubules that are a part of the mitotic spindle are called

A)centrioles.
B)nucleoli.
C)microvilli.
D)cilia.
E)vesicles.

Question 27

Exocytosis occurs as a result of

A)hydrostatic pressure.
B)the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
C)molecular movement with carrier assistance.
D)concentration gradients.
E)ion pumps.

Question 28

The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called

A)matrix.
B)vesicles.
C)vacuoles.
D)cristae.
E)cisternae.

Question 29

Which are the smallest components of the cytoskeleton?

A)Microtubules
B)Microfilaments
C)Intermediate filaments
D)Centrosomes
E)Centrioles

Question 30

Removal of old organelles is via a process called

A)pinocytosis.
B)autophagy.
C)autolysis.
D)filtration.
E)vascularization.

Question 31

The function of the nucleolus is to make

A)DNA molecules.
B)the subunits of ribosomes.
C)the secretions that will be packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
D)histones.
E)the deoxyribose sugar.

Question 32

All resting nucleated human cells contain

A)melanin.
B)chromosomes.
C)chromatin.
D)insulin.
E)glycogen.

Question 33

Which is not one of the bases found in DNA nucleotides?

A)Adenine
B)Cytosine
C)Guanine
D)Thymine
E) Uracil

Question 34

Since they produce ribosome subunits,one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli in cells that synthesize

A)energy sources.
B)pigments.
C)steroid hormones.
D)proteins.

Question 35

If a particular cell has a large need for energy to function,it will likely have a larger number of _______ than an average cell.

A) ribosomes
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) endoplasmic reticula

Question 36

In order to process digested nutrients and detoxify chemical agents such as drugs and alcohol,the ______ contains abundant amounts of smooth ER.

A)liver
B)kidney
C)small intestine
D)pancreas
E)stomach

Question 37

Which is not a membrane-bound organelle?

A)Endoplasmic reticulum
B)Lysosome
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Peroxisome
E) Ribosome

Question 38

In humans,the only cell that bears a flagellum is the ________ cell.

A)kidney
B)oocyte
C)red blood
D)brain
E)sperm

Question 39

Which are often associated with mucin-secreting goblet cells?

A)Cilia
B)Flagellum
C)Microvilli
D)Ribosomes
E)Cisternae

Question 40

The building blocks that form the DNA double helix are called

A)nucleoli.
B)nucleotides.
C)bases.
D)nucleic acids.
E)nuclear pores.

Question 41

Often,a cell's functions are reflected in either its size or shape.

Question 42

Hyperplasia is defined as

A)the abnormal development of a tissue.
B)the movement or spread of malignant cells.
C)an abnormal growth of cells that invades surrounding tissue.
D)a generalized increase in the size of a part of an organ.
E)an increase in the normal number of cells within a tissue or organ.

Question 43

Among the many functions of the liver's cells is the storage of carbohydrates as glycogen.

Question 44

Which does not occur during the G₂ phase?

A)Centriole replication is completed.
B)Organelle production continues.
C)Enzymes needed for cell division are synthesized.
D)Each DNA molecule replicates.

Question 45

Metastasis is

A)the abnormal development of a tissue.
B)the movement or spread of malignant cells.
C)an obvious loss of cellular or structural differentiation in the orientation of cells to each other.
D)a generalized increase in the size of a part of an organ.
E)an increase in the normal number of cells within a tissue or organ.

Question 46

The last part of interphase is called

A)the first "gap" phase.
B)the second "gap" phase.
C)telophase.
D)the S phase.
E)anaphase.

Question 47

Some muscle and nerve cells in humans may approach a meter in length.

Question 48

Lysosome functions range from the digestion of materials ingested by the cell to the self-destruction of the cell.

Question 49

The phase of mitosis that begins as spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart at the centromere is

A)metaphase.
B)anaphase.
C)telophase.
D)prophase.
E)interphase.

Question 50

Some cells are designed solely to produce new individuals.

Question 51

It is during ______ that the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of a dividing cell.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)prophase
D)telophase
E)interphase

Question 52

The root "chroma" means

A)body.
B)characteristic.
C)strength.
D)color.
E)condition.

Question 53

The phase of mitosis that begins with the arrival of a group of single-stranded chromosomes at each pole of the cell is

A)metaphase.
B)anaphase.
C)telophase.
D)prophase.
E)S phase.

Question 54

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mitosis?

A)Prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
B)Metaphase - prophase - anaphase - telophase
C)Telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase
D)Metaphase - telophase - anaphase - prophase
E)Prophase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase

Question 55

The replication of the DNA molecule during interphase occurs during the

A)first "gap" phase.
B)S phase.
C)second "gap" phase.
D)generation "gap" phase.

Question 56

The term "flagellum" is appropriate for the structure it represents because it means

A)an eyelid.
B)the center.
C)a nut or kernel.
D)a whip.
E)a bench.

Question 57

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)uses an electron beam to create an image for viewing.

Question 58

Fibroblast cells form protein fibers that function to attach structures together.

Question 59

Which is not characteristic of a cell undergoing apoptosis?

A)Chromatin degradation
B)Shrinkage in volume
C) Changes in organelle and plasma membrane structure
D) Inflammation

Question 60

The interphase period of cell division has ______ distinct phases.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 61

The subunits of ribosomes are exported outside the nucleus into the cytoplasm,where they are assembled into their finished product.

Question 62

The amount of rough ER is greater in cells producing large amounts of protein for secretion.

Question 63

The condensed,"wound" nature of chromosomes during cell division prevents the DNA from directing the production of additional cellular proteins.

Question 64

Cancers are more prevalent in the elderly because the mechanism of cell division becomes faultier with age.

Question 65

The cellular uptake of large particulate substances and macromolecules is called endocytosis.

Question 66

Everything packaged by the Golgi apparatus for secretion leaves the cell within a vesicle.

Question 67

Within the bone marrow are __________ cells that continuously produce new blood cells.

Question 68

Materials tend to move less rapidly when their concentrations are significantly different between two compartments.

Question 69

_____________ is the general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Question 70

Organelles that are always in direct contact with the cytosol are called non-membrane-bound organelles.

Question 71

_____________ are short,membrane-attached projections containing microtubules that occur in large numbers on exposed membrane surfaces.

Question 72

Generally,the shape of a nucleus mirrors the shape of the cell within which it is found.

Question 73

Ribosomes that are attached to the RER are called "free ribosomes".

Question 74

Collagen produced by ____________ cells forms ligaments that attach bone to bone.

Question 75

Among the functions of the plasma membrane are to form specialized intercellular connections,provide for selective permeability,and facilitate the recognition and response to molecular signals.

Question 76

Mitochondria are responsible for the synthesis of most of the energy-rich ATP molecules used by human cells.

Question 77

Metaplasia is the abnormal transformation of a fully differentiated adult tissue into a differentiated tissue of another kind.

Question 78

If the inside of a cell has a net negative charge,a negative ion outside the membrane is more likely to be attracted to the intracellular environment.

Question 79

The term used to describe the fluid within a cell is _______________,or intracellular fluid.

Question 80

Lysosomes contain enzymes that prepare the vesicles that will be used by the Golgi apparatus to package its secretory products.