Deck 29: Population Ecology

Question 1

Which factor is a density-dependent regulator of population size?

A)drought
B)flood
C)hurricane
D)disease

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Suppose that a population of 100 animals in logarithmic growth has r_max = 0.4 and K = 102. Also suppose that r = r_max(K - N)/K. What is the value of r?

A)0.792
B)0.580
C)0.078
D)0.0078

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which sentence describes how basic ecology and applied ecology are different?

A)Basic ecology investigates populations, while applied ecology investigates ecosystems.
B)Basic ecology investigates individual species, while applied ecology investigates food webs.
C)Basic ecology investigates distribution and interaction of species, while applied ecology investigates conservation and mitigation of damage.
D)Basic ecology investigates conservation and mitigation of damage, while applied ecology investigates distribution and interaction of species.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which trait is characteristic of a K-selected species?

A)It is not adapted to rapidly changing environments.
B)It usually has a single reproductive event.
C)It provides substantial parental care to offspring.
D)It has a small size of offspring.

Question 5

Suppose that a particular population is expected to show the most growth in the future. What are the features of this population?

A)It is composed mostly of prereproductive individuals, with a short generation time and a high proportion of females.
B)It is composed mostly of prereproductive individuals, with a short generation time and a low proportion of females.
C)It is composed mostly of reproductive individuals, with a short generation time and a low proportion of females.
D)It is composed mostly of reproductive individuals, with a short generation time and a high proportion of females.

Question 6

What does the allocation of resources for survival, growth, and maximal reproduction determine?

A)the life history of a species
B)the survivorship curve of a species
C)the dispersion of a species
D)the age-specific fecundity of a species

Question 7

In which ways has the human population avoided the effects of density-dependent regulating factors?

A)expansion to new terrains; isolation as a species; and domestication of animals and plants
B)expansion to new terrains; domestication of animals and plants; and advancement in public health
C)expansion to new terrains; feeding on other species; and advancement in public health
D)expansion to new terrains; isolation as a species; and advancement in public health

Question 8

In the logistic model of population growth, what is expected to happen to r when N > K?

A)r will approach r_max
B)r will be greater than 0
C)r will approach 1
D)r will be less than 0

Question 9

What was the importance of the baiting program started in 1989 in southern Ontario?

A)It helped spread rabies dramatically.
B)It caused 211 cattle to die annually of rabies in southern Ontario.
C)It reduced the levels of rabies dramatically.
D)It caused the levels of rabies in foxes in Ontario to be dramatically raised.

Question 10

Which of following factors is an intrinsic control to population growth?

A)increased volcanic eruptions
B)increased dispersal
C)increased predation
D)humans

Question 11

Which of the following is descriptive of a population experiencing exponential population growth?

A)The graph of growth produces an S-shaped curve.
B)ÄN/Ät is increasing.
C)The population decreases at an increasing rate.
D)The resources are limited.

Question 12

What caused a little dip in the mid-fourteenth century in the human population growth?

A)hunger
B)the bubonic plague
C)domestication of plants
D)domestication of animals

Question 13

Which of the following regions will experience a huge increase in their population growth rates over the next 20 or 25 years?

A)Russia
B)Western Europe
C)Australia
D)Africa

Question 14

Which branch of ecology would encompass studies of the flow of energy between a community and the abiotic environment?

A)community ecology
B)ecosystem ecology
C)biogeography
D)organismal ecology

Question 15

Number of offspring and the amount of care provided to each offspring by their parents evolved along with which of the following characteristics?

A)the number of reproductive episodes
B)the chance of survival to adulthood
C)type of parental care
D)fecundity

Question 16

Which term refers to distributions that tend to occur in populations in which individuals repel each other because resources are in short supply?

A)clumped
B)random
C)uniform
D)unpredictable

Question 17

Rabies is a disease that is spread by biting. What causes it?

A)a worm
B)a parasite
C)a virus
D)a decomposer

Question 18

Which survivorship curve in the figure best fits humans who live in environments with good medical care?

A)type I, shown in graph A
B)type I, shown in graph C
C)type III, shown in graph B
D)type III, shown in graph A

Question 19

In which species would the number of males least affect the rate of population growth?
a.in northern elephant seals
b.in Norwegian rats
c.in trumpeter swans
d.in Canada geese

Question 20

Sea turtles are likely to die when they are young, but if they reach a large size, they have a good chance of surviving. Which survivorship curve in the figure best fits sea turtles?

A)type I, shown in graph C
B)type II, shown in graph B
C)type III, shown in graph A
D)type III, shown in graph C

Question 21

Parasitism is a density-independent factor of population control.

Question 22

Logistic population growth describes growth without limitation.

Question 23

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
population density

Question 24

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
age-specific fecundity

Question 25

"Humans have two options for limiting population growth: we can make a global effort to limit our own population, or we can wait until the environment does it for us." Briefly address each scenario. What methods would result in a successful global decline in birth rate? What environmental events are the alternatives?

Question 26

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
exponential population growth

Question 27

What would a human population living without medical care in Third World conditions probably have?

A)an r value = 0
B)a pyramid-shaped age structure diagram
C)a rectangle-shaped age structure diagram
D)an r value < 0

Question 28

What characteristics are consistent with a K-selected species? Where do humans fall on the r through K continuum?

Question 29

An S-shaped curve is characteristic of logistic population growth.

Question 30

Egg yolk and seed endosperm are examples of passive parental care.

Question 31

Uniform dispersion usually results from individuals of a species repelling each other.

Question 32

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
logistic model

Question 33

Biologists captured and marked 100 butterflies. Later they captured 115 butterflies, 5 of which were marked. The population estimate is 2000 butterflies.

Question 34

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
exponential model of population growth

Question 35

At which stage of a country's demographic transition do birth rates generally reach their highest point?

A)at the preindustrial stage
B)at the transitional stage
C)at the postindustrial stage
D)at the industrial stage

Question 36

What phenotypic effects does crowding have on the migratory locust? How are these changes adaptive?

Question 37

A cohort is a group of individuals of the same sex.

Question 38

Suppose a human population has an age structure diagram that is narrower at the base than at the top. What would that population have?

A)an r value > 0
B)(K - N)/K < 1
C)an r value < 0
D)an r value = 0

Question 39

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
emigration

Question 40

What are some density-dependent factors that affect humans at higher population densities, and how have these been addressed in industrial societies?

Question 41

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
fluctuating population size

Question 42

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
long life span

Question 43

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
change in population size

Question 44

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
little or no parental care

Question 45

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
zero growth

Question 46

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
large offspring

Question 47

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
early timing of first reproduction

Question 48

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
logistic model of population growth

Question 49

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
low mortality rate

Question 50

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
per capita death rate

Question 51

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
high juvenile mortality followed by increased chance of survival as adult

Question 52

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
small clutch or brood size

Question 53

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
constant rate of mortality in all age classes

Question 54

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
typical of Cleome droserifolia

Question 55

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
population growth under ideal conditions

Question 56

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
typical of humans

Question 57

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
short maturation time

Question 58

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
one reproductive episode

Question 59

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
good tolerance of environmental change

Question 60

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curve.a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
extensive parental care

Question 61

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
negative growth

Question 62

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
postreproductive

Question 63

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
reproductive

Question 64

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
prereproductive

Question 65

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
rapid growth