Deck 27: Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Question 1

Which of the following types of cell cleavage is found most often for protostomes?

A)spiral, indeterminate cleavage
B)radial, indeterminate cleavage
C)radial, determinate cleavage
D)spiral, determinate cleavage

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following types of cell cleavage is found most often for deuterostomes?

A)radial, indeterminate cleavage
B)spiral, determinate cleavage
C)radial, determinate cleavage
D)spiral, indeterminate cleavage

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which term refers to animals that have a fluid-filled cavity that separates the gut from the muscles of the body wall and which is completely lined by the peritoneum?

A)coelomate
B)pseudocoelomate
C)indeterminate
D)mesenteries

Answer 3

A

Question 4

For most metazoans, what is the name of the innermost tissue layer during development?

A)mesoderm
B)epiderm
C)endoderm
D)ectoderm

Question 5

What is the name of the main embryonic cell layer from which the muscles of the body wall are derived in most metazoans?

A)mesoderm
B)endoderm
C)ectoderm
D)mesoglea

Question 6

Which term refers to an animal that is unable to undergo locomotion under its own power?

A)sedentary
B)prehensile
C)motile
D)sessile

Question 7

For most protostomes, what is the developmental origin of the body cavity between the gut and muscles of the body wall?

A)schizocoelom
B)enterocoelom
C)mesoglea
D)blastopore

Question 8

For most metazoans, what is the name of the outermost tissue layer during development?

A)epiderm
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)mesoderm

Question 9

Which of the following is the developing gut for most animal embryos?

A)mesoglea
B)blastopore
C)schizocoelom
D)archenteron

Question 10

Which embryonic cell layer develops into the lining of the gut in most metazoans?

A)mesoglea
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)epiderm

Question 11

For most animal embryos, what is the name of the initial opening between the developing gut and the outside environment?

A)mesoglea
B)blastopore
C)schizocoelom
D)archenteron

Question 12

Which term refers to animals that do NOT have a body cavity that separates the gut from the muscles of the body wall?

A)indeterminate
B)acoelomate
C)pseudocoelomate
D)mesenteries

Question 13

Which phylum has members that exhibit radial symmetry, with their body parts arranged regularly around a central axis?

A)Porifera
B)Cnidaria
C)Chordata
D)Platyhelminthes

Question 14

Which of the following describes the nutritional strategy of animals?

A)autotrophy, as either absorbing other life forms or by living in a parasitic association with them
B)heterotrophy, as either absorbing other life forms or by living in a symbiotic association with them
C)autotrophy, as either eating other life forms or by living in a symbiotic association with them
D)heterotrophy, as either eating other life forms or by living in a parasitic association with them

Question 15

The Burgess Shale formation in eastern British Columbia includes a wide variety of animal fossils such as Hallucingenia and Opabinia. When was the Burgess Shale formed?

A)about 8000 years ago
B)about 78 million years ago
C)about 505 million years ago
D)about 4 billion years ago

Question 16

Based on molecular analysis, which of the following appears to be least meaningful for inferring animal phylogenic relationships?

A)morphological patterns
B)radial symmetry in the Radiata
C)mitochondrial DNA sequences
D)body cavity differences

Question 17

Which of the following most closely resemble the earliest ancestor of all animals?

A)colonial, flagellated protists
B)unicellular protozoa
C)colonial algae
D)gram-negative bacteria

Question 18

What is the name of the main embryonic cell layer from which the nervous system is derived in most metazoans?

A)endoderm
B)mesoglea
C)mesoderm
D)ectoderm

Question 19

For most metazoans, what is the name of the middle tissue layer during development?

A)mesoglea
B)epiderm
C)mesoderm
D)ectoderm

Question 20

Which term refers to groups of cells that share a common structure and function?

A)organ systems
B)organs
C)tissues
D)colonies

Question 21

What is the name of the specialized stinging cells that jellyfishes have as part of their epidermis, and which they use to paralyze small prey?

A)tentacles
B)flame cells
C)choanocytes
D)cnidocytes

Question 22

Which phylum is a member of the Radiata?

A)Porifera
B)Nemertea
C)Rotifera
D)Ctenophora

Question 23

Which of the following describes spicules?

A)They are complicated pore openings and passageways found in sponges.
B)They are fibrous skeletal proteins found in sponges.
C)They are needlelike skeletal structures made up of silica or calcium carbonate found in sponges.
D)They are specialized digestive cells found in sponges.

Question 24

Based on modern molecular phylogeny, which animal taxon has members with radial symmetry?

A)Ecdysozoa
B)Deuterostomia
C)Radiata
D)Protostomia

Question 25

Which animal taxon is named for the cuticle or external skeleton that its members secrete and periodically moult?

A)Reptilia
B)Deuterostomia
C)Protostomia
D)Ecdysozoa

Question 26

Which phylum includes members that have radial symmetry and nematocysts, and may have polyp or medusa forms (or both) as adults?

A)Rotifera
B)Cnidaria
C)Porifera
D)Nematoda

Question 27

Which lineage of Cnidarians exist primarily as cube-shaped medusae, are active swimmers, and produce one of the deadliest toxins made by animals?

A)Hydrozoa
B)Trematoda
C)Cubozoa
D)Anthozoa

Question 28

Which class is made up of members commonly called chitons?

A)Cephalopoda
B)Scaphopoda
C)Polyplacophora
D)Gastropoda

Question 29

Which phylum contains members that do NOT exhibit true segmentation?

A)Chordata
B)Nemertea
C)Arthropoda
D)Annelida

Question 30

Which of the following describes a lophophore, which is a feature possessed by all members of the phyla Ectoprocta, Brachipoda, and Phoronida?

A)a rounded fold with one or two rows of hollow, ciliated tentacles
B)an outpocket of the digestive tract, where metabolic wastes are processed before emptying into the digestive tract for expulsion
C)a cluster of pores along the aboral surface, used for expelling wastes from the digestive tract
D)an extra body cavity surrounding the digestive tract, filled with muscles used for locomotion

Question 31

Consider the ringlike patterns on an earthworm and "six-pack abs" in humans. In an animal's body plan, what are they both evidence of?

A)radial symmetry
B)cleavage
C)segmentation
D)mesenteries

Question 32

Which phylum is associated with all of these terms: asymmetry, choanocytes, filter feeding, osculum, and spicules?

A)Porifera
B)Nematoda
C)Ctenophora
D)Nemertea

Question 33

Based on modern molecular phylogeny, which of the following is a derived characteristic within Lophotrochozoa?

A)multicellularity
B)tissues
C)U-shaped fold
D)schizocoelom

Question 34

What helps maintain a constant flow of water through sponges?

A)the beating flagellae of porocytes
B)the beating flagellae of amoeboid cells
C)the beating flagellae of choanocytes
D)the beating flagellae of pinacoderm

Question 35

Which lineage of Cnidarians exist only as polyps as adults, build calcium carbonate exoskeletons, and have a mutualistic relationship with photosynthetic protists?

A)Scyphozoa
B)Anthozoa
C)Cubozoa
D)Hydrozoa

Question 36

Which of the following lineages of Cnidarians have both polyp and medusa stages in their life cycles-with the polyp stage typically forming a colony-and includes species of Obelia?

A)Anthozoa
B)Trematoda
C)Hydrozoa
D)Cubozoa

Question 37

Which members of a Lophotrochozoan phylum are acoelomate and dorsoventrally flattened, and lack circulatory or respiratory systems?

A)Mollusca
B)Annelida
C)Rotifera
D)Platyhelminthes

Question 38

Which phylum includes members with radial symmetry that use their two tentacles to capture prey?

A)Cnidaria
B)Ctenophora
C)Rotifera
D)Nematoda

Question 39

Which lineage of Cnidarians includes adults that are predominately medusae and the true jellyfishes?

A)Anthozoa
B)Hydrozoa
C)Scyphozoa
D)Cubozoa

Question 40

Which of the following secrete spicules?

A)sperm
B)porocytes
C)choanocytes
D)amoeboid cells

Question 41

Which class includes octopuses, squids, and nautiluses?

A)Polyplacophora
B)Cephalopoda
C)Bivalvia
D)Gastropoda

Question 42

Bristle worms are found primarily in marine environments and characteristically have parapodia. Which class do they belong to?

A)Cestoda
B)Oligochaeta
C)Hirudinea
D)Polychaeta

Question 43

Which class includes members that have a pair of shells which are hinged together?

A)Bivalvia
B)Scaphopoda
C)Cephalopoda
D)Polyplacophora

Question 44

What term refers to specialized cells that serve as a simple excretory system in flatworms?

A)choanocytes
B)cnidocytes
C)tentacles
D)flame cells

Question 45

Which flatworms are parasites of vertebrates and have a head modified into a scolex with hooks and suckers for attaching to places such as the intestinal wall of hosts?

A)Trematoda
B)Cestoda
C)Turbellaria
D)Polychaeta

Question 46

Which Lophotrochozoan phylum includes earthworms, bristle worms, and leeches?

A)Platyhelminthes
B)Nemertea
C)Rotifera
D)Annelida

Question 47

Which Lophotrochozoan phylum includes members that have a wheel-like, ciliated, food-gathering organ around their heads called a corona?

A)Mollusca
B)Rotifera
C)Nemertea
D)Platyhelminthes

Question 48

Which class is composed mostly of terrestrial earthworms?

A)Monogenoidea
B)Cestoda
C)Oligochaeta
D)Polychaeta

Question 49

In bristle worms, what is the name of paired, fleshy extensions of the body wall that are used for locomotion and gas exchange?

A)setae
B)parapodia
C)septa
D)metanephridia

Question 50

Which Lophotrochozoan phylum includes members called ribbon worms or proboscis worms, which are found mostly in marine environments?

A)Rotifera
B)Nemertea
C)Platyhelminthes
D)Mollusca

Question 51

Which Lophotrochozoan phylum includes members that have highly segmented bodies with many repeating units that are usually separated by transverse partitions called septa?

A)Annelida
B)Mollusca
C)Platyhelminthes
D)Rotifera

Question 52

What is the name of a lineage of flatworms that are endoparasites of vertebrates?

A)Cestoda
B)Turbellaria
C)Trematoda
D)Hirudinea

Question 53

Which phylum includes the lineages Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda?

A)Platyhelminthes
B)Rotifera
C)Annelida
D)Mollusca

Question 54

Which flatworms are free living and are found mostly in marine environments?

A)Turbellaria
B)Trematoda
C)Polychaeta
D)Cestoda

Question 55

What is the name of the chitin-reinforced bristles that protrude outward from the body wall and are used by most segmented worms to anchor themselves against a substrate?

A)clitella
B)septa
C)parapodia
D)setae

Question 56

Which Lophotrochozoan phylum contains the most species, with about 100 000 described living species?

A)Nemertea
B)Mollusca
C)Annelida
D)Rotifera

Question 57

Which phylum includes members that have a body divided into three regions called the visceral mass, head-foot, and mantle?

A)Rotifera
B)Mollusca
C)Nemertea
D)Platyhelminthes

Question 58

What is the name of the paired excretory organs found in most body segments of segmented worms?

A)parapodia
B)metanephridia
C)setae
D)clitella

Question 59

Which class includes slugs and snails?

A)Cephalopoda
B)Gastropoda
C)Scaphopoda
D)Bivalvia

Question 60

Which class contains members that, due to their high activity and resulting need for lots of oxygen, have a closed circulatory system?

A)Bivalvia
B)Scaphopoda
C)Cephalopoda
D)Gastropoda

Question 61

What is a Malpighian tubule?

A)a filamentous projection of the mantle
B)an abdominal appendage in some arthropods that secretes silk
C)a muscular sac used for extending tube feet in echinoderms
D)a specialized tube in some arthropods that is used for waste processing

Question 62

Match each phylum with its corresponding organism. Each phylum is used only once.a.Annelida
b.Arthropoda
c.Cnidaria
d.Ctenophora
e.Mollusca
f.Nematoda
g.Nemertea
h.Onychophora
i.Platyhelminthes
j.Porifera
sponges

Question 63

Which Ecdysozoan phylum includes insects, spiders, crustaceans, millipedes, and centipedes?

A)Onychophora
B)Nematoda
C)Arthropoda
D)Nemertea

Question 64

Which of the following describes the postembryonic development that members of the order Thysanura (silverfish) have instead of metamorphosis?

A)a single, wingless nymph instar followed by several winged adult instars
B)a series of young instars that become more and more like an adult, ending with a wingless adult instar
C)a series of nymph instars that lack functional wings, ending with an adult instar with functional wings
D)several instars of often wormlike larvae, followed by a stage where they are a sessile pupa, and then ending in an adult stage that is very different from the larval stages

Question 65

Members of the order Hemiptera (true bugs) go through postembryonic development called incomplete metamorphosis. What are the stages of this process?

A)several instars of often wormlike larvae, followed by a stage where they are a sessile pupa, and then ending in an adult stage that is very different from the larval stages
B)a series of nymph instars that lack functional wings, ending with an adult instar with functional wings
C)a single, wingless nymph instar followed by several winged adult instars
D)a series of young instars that become more and more like an adult, ending with a wingless adult instar

Question 66

Which subphylum includes members that are now all extinct, but which were once extremely numerous in shallow Paleozoic seas?

A)Crustacea
B)Trilobita
C)Hexapoda
D)Myriapoda

Question 67

Which subphylum includes centipedes and millipedes?

A)Trilobita
B)Chelicerata
C)Myriapoda
D)Hexapoda

Question 68

Which Ecdysozoan phylum includes many important decomposers, but also many damaging plant and animal parasites?

A)Arthropoda
B)Annelida
C)Nematoda
D)Nemertea

Question 69

Which of the following describes the postembryonic development, called complete metamorphosis, in members of the order Diptera (flies)?

A)a single, wingless nymph instar followed by several winged adult instars
B)a series of young instars that become more and more like an adult, ending with a wingless adult instar
C)a series of nymph instars that lack functional wings, ending with an adult instar with functional wings
D)several instars of often wormlike larvae, followed by a stage where they are a sessile pupa, and then ending in an adult stage that is very different from the larval instars

Question 70

Which Ecdysozoan phylum contains members that have a segmented body encased in a rigid exoskeleton made of chitin plus other materials?

A)Annelida
B)Nemertea
C)Nematoda
D)Arthropoda

Question 71

Contrast the typical embryonic development of protostomes and deuterostomes.

Question 72

Which Ecdysozoan phylum contains three-quarters of the known animal species?

A)Nemertea
B)Annelida
C)Arthropoda
D)Nematoda

Question 73

Which Ecdysozoan phylum contains animals called roundworms that are so plentiful in soil and other places that they may be the most abundant animals on Earth?

A)Nematoda
B)Nemertea
C)Annelida
D)Arthropoda

Question 74

Which subphylum is composed mostly of insects?

A)Trilobita
B)Hexapoda
C)Crustacea
D)Chelicerata

Question 75

Which subphylum includes members that have a three-part body plan that comprises a head, a thorax, and an abdomen?

A)Hexapoda
B)Myriapoda
C)Crustacea
D)Trilobita

Question 76

Which subphylum includes spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs?

A)Chelicerata
B)Myriapoda
C)Hexapoda
D)Crustacea

Question 77

Match each phylum with its corresponding organism. Each phylum is used only once.a.Annelida
b.Arthropoda
c.Cnidaria
d.Ctenophora
e.Mollusca
f.Nematoda
g.Nemertea
h.Onychophora
i.Platyhelminthes
j.Porifera
jellyfishes, corals, and sea anemones

Question 78

Which subphylum includes shrimp, lobsters, and crabs?

A)Trilobita
B)Crustacea
C)Hexapoda
D)Chelicerata

Question 79

Which class is composed mostly of freshwater parasites called leeches?

A)Hirudinea
B)Oligochaeta
C)Cestoda
D)Polychaeta

Question 80

Which Ecdysozoan phylum contains the 65 species of velvet worms?

A)Arthropoda
B)Nematoda
C)Onychophora
D)Nemertea