Deck 26: Plants

Question 1

In plants that can open and close, there are small passages through the cuticle that allow for some control of water loss by evaporation, and these passages are the main route for uptake of carbon dioxide. What are the passages called?

A)sporopollenins
B)tracheophytes
C)stomata
D)thalli

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What were the most direct ancestors of modern plants?

A)cyanobacteria
B)fungi
C)green algae
D)sponges

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Consider a plant in which a multicellular generation is able to make both sperm and eggs. Which term describes such a plant?

A)bryophyte
B)homosporous
C)heterosporous
D)lycophyte

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which term refers to the region of constantly dividing cells near the tips of shoots and roots?

A)lignin
B)xylem
C)apical meristem
D)cuticle

Question 5

What is the name of the lignified, tubelike structures that branch throughout the body of some plants, conducting water and solutes?

A)root systems
B)rhizomes
C)shoot systems
D)vascular tissues

Question 6

Which phylum of nonvascular plants has about 10 000 known living species, including those in the genus Sphagnum?

A)Pterophyta
B)Hepatophyta
C)Lycophyta
D)Bryophyta

Question 7

Which phylum contains the ferns?

A)Anthocerophyta
B)Bryophyta
C)Pterophyta
D)Hepatophyta

Question 8

Which term refers to a haploid organism that produces gametes?

A)spore
B)gametophyte
C)gamete
D)sporophyte

Question 9

Suppose you are a botanist and you discover a plant that has xylem and phloem. Into which group should you NOT classify this plant?

A)ferns
B)angiosperms
C)gymnosperms
D)bryophytes

Question 10

Which term refers to a special capsule or chamber where a plant will make the first cells of the gametophyte generation?

A)sporangium
B)rhizome
C)vascular system
D)shoot system

Question 11

Which of the following is a protective structure where egg cells are formed in bryophytes and some other plants?

A)stoma
B)strobilus
C)sporangium
D)archegonium

Question 12

Which of the following plant traits represent an adaptation to terrestrial life?

A)chloroplasts with chlorophyll b
B)leaves
C)stomata
D)cell walls made of cellulose

Question 13

Suppose you are a botanist and you discover a plant that has a dominant gametophyte, but no xylem or phloem. Into which group should you classify this plant?

A)angiosperms
B)gymnosperms
C)seedless vascular plants
D)bryophytes

Question 14

The world's first photosynthetic organisms were also the first to adapt to intertidal zones. What is the name of the group that includes these organisms?

A)plants
B)cyanobacteria
C)algae
D)fungi

Question 15

Which term refers to a structure with stems and leaves that arise from apical meristems?

A)protonema
B)rhizome
C)shoot system
D)vascular system

Question 16

Which term refers to the slender, rootlike structures found in nonvascular plants?

A)protonemata
B)rhizomes
C)rhizoids
D)gametangia

Question 17

Which feature is found in both nonvascular and vascular plants?

A)xylem
B)cuticle
C)apical meristem
D)lignin

Question 18

In bryophytes and some other plants, which of the following is a protective structure where sperm cells are formed?

A)archegonium
B)strobilus
C)stoma
D)antheridium

Question 19

In which plants is the sporophyte generation clearly larger, more complex, and longer living than the gametophyte generation?

A)in seedless plants
B)in seed plants
C)in bryophytes
D)in all vascular plants

Question 20

When a plant is heterosporous, what does this mean?

A)It has both sporophyte and gametophyte generations.
B)It has male and female gametes.
C)It has two spore types.
D)It has separate male and female plants.

Question 21

Ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails belong to a phylum that has about 13 000 described living species. What is the name of this phylum?

A)Pterophyta
B)Lycophyta
C)Hepatophyta
D)Anthocerophyta

Question 22

What plant structures comprise a sorus?

A)rhizomes
B)fronds
C)strobili
D)sporangia

Question 23

What is the name of the specialized leaves on which club moss sporangia form, and which occur near stem tips?

A)sporophylls
B)cladophylls
C)antheridia
D)archegonia

Question 24

Which sentence describes the relationship between sporophyte and gametophyte in the fern life cycle?

A)Gametophytes are photosynthetic and partially independent from the sporophytes.
B)Both gametophytes and sporophytes are totally independent from each other and are equally dominant.
C)Sporophytes originate within and are dependent upon gametophytes.
D)Gametophytes are free living and photosynthetic, but are replaced by a dominant sporophyte generation.

Question 25

Which sentence best describes the relationship between sporophyte and gametophyte in the moss life cycle?

A)Gametophytes originate within and are dependent upon sporophytes.
B)Gametophytes are photosynthetic and partially independent from the sporophytes.
C)Both gametophytes and sporophytes are totally independent from each other and are equally dominant.
D)Sporophytes originate within and are dependent upon gametophytes.

Question 26

Which of the following is a characteristic of Bryophytes?

A)asexual reproduction with gemmae
B)true leaves
C)lignified tissue
D)true roots

Question 27

Which term refers to a young moss gametophyte?

A)antheridium
B)capsule
C)protonema
D)prothallus

Question 28

Which phylum includes club mosses and their close relatives?

A)Lycophyta
B)Pterophyta
C)Anthocerophyta
D)Bryophyta

Question 29

Suppose you are a botanist and you discover a plant that has a small free-living gametophyte that requires external water for fertilization and a large free-living sporophyte. The free-living sporophyte eventually releases spores from sporangia on the margins of its leaves. Into which group should you classify this plant?

A)gymnosperms
B)angiosperms
C)seedless vascular plants
D)bryophytes

Question 30

Which of the following best explains why modern seedless vascular plants are confined largely to wet or humid environments?

A)They require soil.
B)They require reflected sunlight.
C)They require symbiotic bacteria in the water.
D)They require external water for reproduction.

Question 31

Much of the world's coal reserves were formed from the buried remains of the dominant plants of the Carboniferous period. What were the dominant plants of the period?

A)gymnosperms and angiosperms
B)angiosperms only
C)gymnosperms only
D)seedless vascular plants

Question 32

What is the name for the phylum of seedless vascular plants that has about 1000 known living species, including those in the genera Lycopodium and Selaginella?

A)Bryophyta
B)Anthocerophyta
C)Pterophyta
D)Lycophyta

Question 33

When was the Carboniferous period?

A)about 17 million years ago
B)about 125 million years ago
C)about 250 million years ago
D)about 1.5 billion years ago

Question 34

Which sentence best describes fertilization in the moss life cycle?

A)Flagellated sperm swim in a film of water on the surface of the plant to reach an egg.
B)Flagellated sperm swim through plant fluids to reach an egg.
C)Flagellated sperm are blown by the wind to a location near an egg, then swim through plant fluids to reach the egg.
D)Pollen is blown by the wind to a female cone, where it forms a pollen tube that grows toward where the egg will form.

Question 35

What is the name of the phylum of nonvascular plants that produces hornlike sporophytes?

A)Pterophyta
B)Anthocerophyta
C)Lycophyta
D)Hepatophyta

Question 36

Which term refers to a horizontal stem modified to penetrate the substrate and anchor a plant?

A)sporangium
B)protonema
C)shoot system
D)rhizome

Question 37

What is the name for the simple body that makes up the gametophyte generation for many liverworts?

A)archegonium
B)thallus
C)gemma
D)rhizoid

Question 38

Which phylum includes members that are considered by many researchers to be the living plants most closely related to the first land plants, based on morphology and mitochondrial gene sequence data?

A)Hepatophyta
B)Bryophyta
C)Pterophyta
D)Anthocerophyta

Question 39

Which phylum of nonvascular plants includes the genus Marchantia?

A)Hepatophyta
B)Bryophyta
C)Anthocerophyta
D)Lycophyta

Question 40

Which of the following types of plants are NOT represented in the phylum Pterophyta?

A)horsetails
B)mosses
C)whisk ferns
D)ferns

Question 41

Which phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants has only about 70 living species in three genera, including Welwitschia and Ephedra?

A)Anthophyta
B)Ginkgophyta
C)Gnetophyta
D)Coniferophyta

Question 42

From which generation does the pollen grain develop?

A)from the female gametophyte
B)from the female sporophyte
C)from the male sporophyte
D)from the male gametophyte

Question 43

Which land plants are the only ones to make true flowers and fruits?

A)angiosperms
B)bryophytes
C)gymnosperms
D)seedless vascular plants

Question 44

What does the word gymnosperm mean?

A)covered seed
B)covered sperm
C)active sperm
D)naked seed

Question 45

Where do the megaspores develop in pine trees?

A)within an ovule
B)within a strobilus
C)within a sporopollenin
D)within a seed

Question 46

Which were the dominant land plants during the Mesozoic era, from about 250 million years ago to 65 million years ago?

A)angiosperms
B)lycophytes
C)bryophytes
D)gymnosperms

Question 47

What did Darwin famously refer to as an "abominable mystery"?

A)the associations between specific types of flowers and specific animal pollinators
B)the alternation of generations in plants
C)the sudden appearance and immediate diversification of flowering plants in the fossil record
D)the development of vascular plants

Question 48

Which term refers to the specialized male gametophyte of seed plants, such as gymnosperms?

A)pollen grain
B)strobilus
C)sporopollenin
D)ovule

Question 49

Suppose you are a botanist and you discover a plant that has large blue flowers and a woody fruit. Into which group should you classify this plant?

A)seedless vascular plants
B)bryophytes
C)gymnosperms
D)angiosperms

Question 50

An embryo sporophyte is surrounded by nutritive tissue and then by a tough, protective outer coat that shelters the embryo from drought, cold, and other adverse conditions. What is the name of the protective coat?

A)seed
B)strobilus
C)ovule
D)spore

Question 51

Which term refers to seedless vascular plants that are represented by only one living genus, Equisetum?

A)mosses
B)ferns
C)whisk ferns
D)horsetails

Question 52

Which of the following describes the pine life cycle?

A)Gametophytes are free living and photosynthetic, but are replaced by a dominant sporophyte generation.
B)Sporophytes originate within and are dependent upon gametophytes.
C)Gametophytes originate within and are dependent upon sporophytes.
D)Both gametophytes and sporophytes are totally independent from each other and are equally dominant.

Question 53

Which term refers to the process of transferring male gametophytes to female reproductive parts in seed plants?

A)fertilization
B)pollination
C)sporulation
D)syngamy

Question 54

In the pine life cycle, when does fertilization often take place?

A)a few days before pollination
B)at the same time as pollination
C)a few weeks after pollination
D)months to a year after pollination

Question 55

Which phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants includes pines, spruces, and firs?

A)Gnetophyta
B)Cycadophyta
C)Ginkgophyta
D)Coniferophyta

Question 56

Which phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants has over 260 000 known living species, and is the dominant group of land plants today?

A)Cycadophyta
B)Ginkgophyta
C)Gnetophyta
D)Anthophyta

Question 57

Which phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants is limited to one living species that is a deciduous tree with fan-shaped leaves?

A)Gnetophyta
B)Anthophyta
C)Cycadophyta
D)Ginkgophyta

Question 58

Which phylum of vascular, seed-bearing plants comprises about 80% of all living gymnosperms?

A)Anthophyta
B)Coniferophyta
C)Cycadophyta
D)Ginkgophyta

Question 59

Which phylum consists of vascular, seed-bearing plants and has about 185 known living species?

A)Cycadophyta
B)Gnetophyta
C)Coniferophyta
D)Anthophyta

Question 60

Which plants are often the dominant land plants in cool temperate zones, especially in areas with poor soils?

A)gymnosperms
B)ferns
C)angiosperms
D)bryophytes

Question 61

Describe the major differences between seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

Question 62

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
protonema

Question 63

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
gametophyte

Question 64

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
zygote

Question 65

Which of the following are the likely pollinators of a red flower with very little odour?

A)bats
B)butterflies
C)birds
D)flies

Question 66

Describe the major differences between bryophytes and vascular plants.

Question 67

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
sporophyte

Question 68

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
pine seed

Question 69

A seed is often described as "a baby plant in a box with its lunch." Explain this statement using more proper terms for baby plant, box, and lunch.

Question 70

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
gamete

Question 71

Which sentence best describes the relationship between gametophyte and sporophyte in the angiosperm life cycle?

A)Both gametophytes and sporophytes are totally independent from each other and are equally dominant.
B)Sporophytes originate within and are dependent upon gametophytes.
C)Gametophytes originate within and are dependent upon sporophytes.
D)Gametophytes are free living and photosynthetic, but are replaced by a dominant sporophyte generation.

Question 72

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
pollen grain

Question 73

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
angiosperm endosperm

Question 74

Which of the following are the likely pollinators of a yellow flower with a strong, sweet odour and with "nectar guide" stripes that are best seen in ultraviolet light?

A)birds
B)flies
C)bats
D)bees

Question 75

Which phrase refers to an advantage that angiosperms have in the form of a nutritive tissue produced during fertilization?

A)a unique triploid pollen sac
B)a unique triploid endosperm
C)a unique triploid ovary
D)a unique triploid ovule

Question 76

This group is one of the two main angiosperm clades. This group has about 200 000 species, and most have two cotyledons. What is the name of this plant group?

A)eudicots
B)monocots
C)magnoliids
D)orchids

Question 77

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
spore

Question 78

Which term best describes the relationship between angiosperms and animal pollinators?

A)The plants coevolved with the animals.
B)The plants competed with the animals.
C)The plants have been driven to extinction by the animals.
D)The plants had antagonistic relationships with the animals.

Question 79

This group is one of the two main angiosperm clades. This plant group has about 60 000 species that are characterized by having a single cotyledon. What is the name of this plant group?

A)eudicots
B)orchids
C)monocots
D)water lilies

Question 80

Match each plant structure or stage of the plant life cycle with the term that best describes the cells in that structure or stage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a.haploid (n)
b.diploid (2n)
c.some haploid and some diploid cells
d.triploid (3n)
true leaf