Deck 3: Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Question 1

As a result of DNA methylation:

A)the heritability coefficient for the trait associated with the methylated gene will decrease.
B)the DNA sequence of the methylated gene will be altered.
C)traits associated with the methylated gene will be expressed.
D)the methylated gene will not be expressed.

Answer 1

the methylated gene will not be expressed.

Question 2

Split-brain studies have revealed that:

A)information is processed in the same hemisphere as it is received.
B)certain tasks and behaviors seem to be localized to either the left or right hemisphere.
C)the corpus callosum does not help the two hemispheres exchange information.
D)the right and left hemispheres have no independent functions.

Answer 2

certain tasks and behaviors seem to be localized to either the left or right hemisphere.

Question 3

The myelinated sheath of an axon:

A)functions as a protective barrier to guard against disease.
B)allows for faster transmission of signals to other neurons, organs, or muscles.
C)receives information from other neurons.
D)keeps the cell body alive.

Answer 3

allows for faster transmission of signals to other neurons, organs, or muscles.

Question 4

The division of the peripheral nervous system most commonly associated with the "fight-or-flight" response is the _____ nervous system.

A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)cardiovascular

Question 5

An electroencephalogram is a beneficial tool for:

A)determining cause and effect between brain function and behavior.
B)determining the amount of brain activity during different states of consciousness.
C)localizing the regions of the brain responsible for various cognitive processes.
D)obtaining a high resolution scan of the various brain structures.

Question 6

Which brain region is NOT involved with movement?

A)hippocampus
B)basal ganglia
C)motor cortex
D)tegmentum

Question 7

By blocking the reuptake of dopamine and _____, amphetamine functions as a strong _____.

A)acetylcholine; agonist
B)acetylcholine; antagonist
C)norepinephrine; agonist
D)norepinephrine; antagonist

Question 8

The major advantage of fMRI over PET is that fMRI:

A)measures both brain structure and function.
B)allows for cause-and-effect determinations to be made.
C)does not involve the use of an expensive machine that generates magnetic pulses.
D)allows for the measurement of brain activity on a much shorter time scale.

Question 9

Heritability scores higher than 0 but less than 1.00 indicate the:

A)interaction between genetics and the environment in producing a particular trait.
B)contribution of genetics alone in producing all behaviors.
C)contribution of environmental factors alone in producing all behaviors.
D)role of specific genes in influencing behavior.

Question 10

Denton could pitch a baseball in what looked like an effortless and smooth movement. What part of the hindbrain is most associated with this highly coordinated motion?

A)pons
B)cerebellum
C)medulla
D)spinal cord

Question 11

In order to process information from the external world, _____ receive input from the body and transfer the information to the brain through the spinal cord.

A)sensory neurons
B)motor neurons
C)glial cells
D)interneurons

Question 12

The typical state of a neuron is the _____ potential, but when electrical signals stimulate it to its threshold, the _____ is immediately observed.

A)resting; refractory period
B)resting; action potential
C)action; resting potential
D)action; refractory period

Question 13

Chemicals that pass information across the tiny gap between neurons are called:

A)neurotransmitters.
B)receptors.
C)terminal buttons.
D)the synapse.

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true of dopamine?

A)Dopamine is involved in associating a reward with the behavior that produced it.
B)Low levels of dopamine impair motor functioning.
C)High levels of dopamine have been linked to schizophrenia.
D)High levels of dopamine are associated with low mood levels.

Question 15

The parietal lobe is MOST associated with the sense of:

A)vision.
B)touch.
C)hearing.
D)smell.

Question 16

Neurons _____ connected physically and communicate with each other at the _____.

A)are; synapse
B)are not; synapse
C)are; dendrites
D)are not; axons

Question 17

The _____ nervous system processes and coordinates sensory input from the body in order to send signals from the brain and spinal cord back to the muscles and bones in the body.

A)peripheral
B)sympathetic
C)autonomic
D)central