Deck 1: Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Question 1

While some psychologists engage in research, many psychologists, such as _____, are involved in clinical and other work focused on helping people dealing with family or career issues.

A)counseling psychologists
B)social psychologists
C)school psychologists
D)neuropsychologists

Answer 1

counseling psychologists

Question 2

The functionalism of William James was most influenced by the work of:

A)Edward Titchener
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Ivan Pavlov
D)Charles Darwin

Answer 2

Charles Darwin

Question 3

The most commonly awarded PhD in psychology is in which specialty area?

A)social psychology
B)counseling psychology
C)clinical psychology
D)neuroscience

Answer 3

clinical psychology

Question 4

Scientists such as Max Wertheimer, Frederic Bartlett, Jean Piaget, and Kurt Lewin paved the way for _____ by renewing interest in phenomena such as perception, memory, and subjective experiences.

A)behaviorism
B)clinical psychology
C)cognitive psychology
D)behavioral neuroscience

Question 5

Social psychology examines issues such as conformity, racism, and stereotyping by:

A)focusing on the physical environment in which people grew up.
B)accounting for people's cultural background and personal beliefs.
C)localizing regions of the brain responsible for these issues.
D)considering the effects of other people on our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Question 6

Although the overall theory was incorrect, _____ was one of the first theories to propose that certain traits are localized in specific regions of the brain.

A)stimulus-response theory
B)phrenology
C)dualism
D)psychoanalysis

Question 7

Someone who takes a cultural absolutist stance on the issue of arranged marriages and marital satisfaction might state that:

A)arranged marriages are morally wrong and typically lead to marital dissatisfaction in all cultures.
B)some people in arranged marriages can learn to love their partners using principles of reinforcement.
C)arranged marriages might result in satisfied couples in some cultures but not others.
D)arranged marriages are effective agents of social control but do not necessarily result in marital satisfaction.

Question 8

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of:

A)conscious experience.
B)consciousness and the brain.
C)observable behavior.
D)mind and behavior.

Question 9

Why was the advent of the computer so important for the development of cognitive psychology?

A)Psychologists could now use the computer to analyze large amounts of data.
B)Computers processed information through complex circuits, which provided a model and shaped theory as to how mental processes might work.
C)Computer technology allowed psychologists to develop useful tools and software programs to run complex experiments that were not previously possible.
D)The computer supported the views of behaviorists that people were essentially robots programmed by their environment.

Question 10

Edward Titchener used _____ as a technique to determine the _____ of consciousness.

A)introspection; basic elements
B)introspection; basic functions
C)reaction time; adaptability
D)reaction time; perceptual errors

Question 11

Fred and Yvonne notice that their 10-year-old daughter is beginning to use sexually explicit curse words. The parents think that their daughter's friends might be rewarding her swearing with attention and laughter. This reflects a _____ perspective.

A)Watsonian
B)Freudian
C)Pavlovian
D)Skinnerian

Question 12

The work of _____ had the greatest influence on the early development of clinical psychology.

A)G. Stanley Hall
B)John Watson
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Jean Piaget

Question 13

The physician _____ described a patient who, after damage to a localized area in the _____ brain hemisphere, could not produce words, even though he could comprehend them.

A)Paul Broca; right
B)Paul Broca; left
C)Karl Lashley; right
D)Karl Lashley; left

Question 14

Wundt viewed consciousness as analogous to _____, and James viewed it as analogous to _____.

A)a river; building blocks
B)a chemical compound; a river
C)an atom; a chemical compound
D)building blocks; an atom

Question 15

_____ believed that the mind was a tabula rasa, or blank slate.

A)Nativists
B)Philosophical empiricists
C)Functionalists
D)Structuralists

Question 16

The Association for Psychological Science was formed because the membership of the American Psychological Association was:

A)becoming too research-oriented.
B)dominated by White males.
C)requiring new members to have a doctorate degree to join.
D)predominantly clinical and health-related psychologists.