Deck 12: Section 6: Personality

Question 1

Fixations can occur throughout the psychosexual stages as proposed by Freud because of:

A)deprivation of pleasurable experiences associated with each stage.
B)overindulgence in pleasurable experiences at a given stage.
C)either deprivation or overindulgence in pleasurable experiences at a given stage.
D)an optimal amount of pleasurable experiences at each stage.

Answer 1

either deprivation or overindulgence in pleasurable experiences at a given stage.

Question 2

According to the psychodynamic approach, activities such as football and other contact sports are a form of _____ that allow unconscious wishes and desires to be transformed into socially acceptable behaviors.

A)sublimation
B)reaction formation
C)repression
D)identification

Answer 2

sublimation

Question 3

The id operates according to the _____ principle, and the ego is regulated by the _____ principle.

A)hedonism; moralistic
B)pleasure; reality
C)reality; pleasure
D)moralistic; hedonism

Answer 3

pleasure; reality

Question 4

Research suggests that when two siblings have similar personalities, this similarity is thought to be the result of:

A)parenting style.
B)a common socioeconomic status.
C)common schooling.
D)genetics.

Question 5

What is a major factor for personality according to the humanistic approach?

A)self-actualization tendency
B)security-providing defense mechanisms
C)role of positive reinforcement
D)anxiety of fully being

Question 6

Researchers interested in investigating the prior events that have shaped how we behave, think, and feel are probably most interested in _____personality.

A)describing
B)cataloguing
C)explaining
D)changing

Question 7

The five-factor structure of personality is _____ in that it _____ across all cultures and languages.

A)dynamic; varies
B)culturally biased; does not translate
C)universal; remains constant
D)general; can be modified for use

Question 8

Charles, a senior in high school, unknowingly made the decision to attend the College of Charleston over the University of South Carolina because of:

A)self-verification.
B)the self-serving bias.
C)implicit egotism.
D)narcissism.

Question 9

Projective tests are a controversial practice in psychology because they are based on:

A)the interpretation of the examiner.
B)the interpretation of the responder.
C)implicit measures of personality.
D)physiological responses.

Question 10

_____ largely governs the dynamics among the id, ego, and superego.

A)Anxiety
B)Sexual desire
C)Depression
D)Repression

Question 11

According to the trait approach to personality, an individual's trait is:

A)only evident in specific stages of life.
B)likely to change rapidly depending on the circumstances.
C)relatively consistent across a variety of settings.
D)unconsciously defined and based on socially unacceptable desires.

Question 12

The two major kinds of measures used by psychologists to measure personality are:

A)naturalistic observations and projective techniques.
B)the MMPI and the TAT.
C)using personality inventories and naturalistic observations.
D)personality inventories and projective techniques.

Question 13

When an athlete wins a competition, she is likely to stress her hard work and physical talents. When she loses a competition, she is likely to emphasize the quality of her competition. This illustrates the:

A)person-situation controversy.
B)self-serving bias.
C)narcissistic personality disorder.
D)problem of implicit egotism.

Question 14

Lisa decided at a young age that if she was nice to people, they would be nice to her. This is an example of:

A)personal constructs.
B)locus of control.
C)outcome expectancies.
D)person-situation controversy.

Question 15

Research has demonstrated that introverts typically respond _____ to a variety of stimuli as compared to extraverts.

A)more strongly
B)about the same
C)slightly less
D)significantly less