Deck 11: Section 4: Development

Question 1

The most common teratogen is alcohol.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Newborns exhibit a strong rooting reflex when you lightly touch the soles of their feet.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Infants learn to control their hands and feet before they learn to control their elbows and knees.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

If a zygote has at least one X chromosome, then it will develop into a female.

Question 5

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is termed the preoperational stage.

Question 6

Fetal alcohol syndrome is associated with distinctive facial features, but is not associated with cognitive deficits.

Question 7

The embryonic stage is the first stage of prenatal development.

Question 8

The heart first begins to beat in the embryonic stage of prenatal development.

Question 9

Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have lower birth weights but suffer no cognitive deficits.

Question 10

Male zygotes are less likely to survive than female zygotes.

Question 11

The fetus is more vulnerable to teratogens than is the embryo.

Question 12

One alcoholic drink per day during pregnancy is considered safe.

Question 13

The typical infant can lift up its head before it is able to master rolling over.

Question 14

Infants learn to control their arms before they learn to control their legs.

Question 15

Experiencing starvation during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of the offspring developing schizophrenia.

Question 16

The fetal stage is the longest stage of prenatal development.

Question 17

Developmental psychology is the study of continuity and change during the prenatal stage of development.

Question 18

The embryonic stage is the shortest stage of prenatal development.

Question 19

Newborns can mimic the facial expressions of adults.

Question 20

The zygote develops into a fetus at around two weeks after conception when it implants into the uterine wall.

Question 21

Egocentrism is the failure to understand that the world appears differently to different observers.

Question 22

The concept of object permanence is grasped during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

Question 23

Vygotsky considered language and numerical systems as cultural tools that influenced cognitive development.

Question 24

During the sensorimotor stage of development, infants explore their environments with their eyes, hands, and mouths.

Question 25

Infants will habituate faster to a physically possible event than to a physically impossible event.

Question 26

Deaf children who use American Sign Language to communicate lag far behind other children in acquiring a theory of mind.

Question 27

The development of abstract reasoning skills appears to be the most important factor in the formation of a theory of mind.

Question 28

Blind children lag far behind other children in acquiring a theory of mind.

Question 29

Children usually pass the false-belief test between the ages of 4 and 6.

Question 30

Children with autism typically are normal on most intellectual dimensions.

Question 31

Young children more accurately recognize that others differ from than in emotions than desires.

Question 32

Once the principle of conservation is understood, children enter the formal operational stage of cognitive development.

Question 33

Piaget emphasized the role of cultural factors in his theory of cognitive development.

Question 34

Modern psychologists see development more as a continuous process than as a movement through discrete stages.

Question 35

Recent studies have suggested that infants acquire object permanence later than what Jean Piaget hypothesized.

Question 36

The language spoken by children's families impacts their ability to count beyond the number 10.

Question 37

The ability to reason about abstract concepts is a defining feature of the concrete operational stage of development.

Question 38

Children in the preoperational stage usually grasp the notion of conservation.

Question 39

Children all over the world pass and fail the false-belief test at about the same age.

Question 40

The Strange Situation test assesses if a child has developed a theory of mind.

Question 41

The quality of attachment between child and caregiver is dependent on both the caregiver's behavior and the child's temperament.

Question 42

Well over 50 percent of American infants display a secure attachment style.

Question 43

Young children who were securely attached infants tend to recall equally positive and negative events during memory tests.

Question 44

Harry Harlow found that rhesus monkeys raised in isolation spent more time clinging to an artificial mother made of wire that provided nourishment relative to an artificial mother made of soft cloth that did not provide nourishment.

Question 45

John Bowlby claimed that human infants smile and coo as a way of keeping their caregivers close.

Question 46

Infants who formed secure as opposed to insecure attachments with their primary caregivers tend to experience greater academic success later in life.

Question 47

In Lawrence Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral development, children tend to focus on how actions conform to social norms.

Question 48

It is common for temperament to change considerably over the first few years of life.

Question 49

If an adult model closes her eyes and turns her head in the direction of an object, a 3-month-old infant seated across from the model probably will look at the object.

Question 50

The ability to focus on what another person is focused on is termed social referencing.

Question 51

Infant temperament is largely the result of biology.

Question 52

Piaget believed that young children tend to judge an action as moral or immoral based on the intentions of the actor instead of the consequences of the action.

Question 53

The secure attachment style is the most common attachment style across all cultures.

Question 54

Spending more than 10 hours per week in non-maternal day care impairs the formation of a secure attachment style between infant and mother, even if the mother is sensitive and responsive to the needs of her infant.

Question 55

An 18-month-old infant can recognize and imitate the intended behavior of an adult model.

Question 56

Psychologists speculate that the avoidant style of emotional attachment is characteristic of infants who are abused.

Question 57

It is not unusual for a child's attachment style to change over time.

Question 58

German infants exhibit more ambivalent attachment styles than avoidant attachment styles.

Question 59

Infants who formed secure attachments with their primary caregivers act as though they are certain their primary caregiver will respond when they feel insecure.

Question 60

Harry Harlow found that rhesus monkeys raised in isolation suffered emotional but not cognitive deficits as adults.

Question 61

The onset of puberty occurs about two years earlier for girls than boys.

Question 62

Parenting style appears to contribute moderately to sexual orientation.

Question 63

Sexual orientation is completely determined by genetics.

Question 64

The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy in the developed world.

Question 65

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, a first grader in the preconventional stage will not disobey his teacher because he will not want to be punished.

Question 66

Even young children show evidence of distress if they see that another child (or even an adult) is obviously suffering.

Question 67

The typical adolescent struggles with frequent moodiness and extreme mood swings.

Question 68

African American boys experience puberty earlier than European American boys.

Question 69

Synaptic proliferation occurs at a high rate throughout adolescence.

Question 70

Enlargement of the breasts in girls is a primary sex characteristic that occurs during puberty.

Question 71

There is considerable evidence to suggest that biology plays a key role in determining sexual orientation.

Question 72

About a third of all Americans believe that homosexuality is morally wrong.

Question 73

About 65 percent of female American teenagers wait until they turn 18 years of age before engaging in sexual intercourse.

Question 74

Kohlberg believed that most adults reach the postconventional stage of morality.

Question 75

It is more common for American teenagers to use condoms during sex than not.

Question 76

Girls who reach puberty earlier are more likely to experience negative consequences such as delinquency.

Question 77

The onset of puberty is accelerated by increases in body fat.

Question 78

According to a moral intuitionist perspective, incest is considered wrong because it disgusts us.

Question 79

Puberty is occurring earlier with successive generations.

Question 80

Identical twins are no more likely to have the same sexual orientation than fraternal twins.