Deck 11: Section 5: Development

Question 1

Babies whose mothers smoke tobacco during pregnancy are more likely to have:

A)facial abnormalities.
B)attentional problems in childhood.
C)Down syndrome.
D)physical deformities such as missing limbs.

Answer 1

attentional problems in childhood.

Question 2

Motor development during infancy tends to follow two main guidelines: the _____ rule, whereby motor skills develop from the head to the feet, and the _____ rule, whereby babies learn to control body parts closest to their trunk before moving to the periphery (e.g., hands and feet).

A)cephalocaudal; bipedal
B)cephalocaudal; proximodistal
C)proximodistal; cephalocaudal
D)bipedal; proximodistal

Answer 2

cephalocaudal; proximodistal

Question 3

James dispenses medical marijuana to patients undergoing chemotherapy in order to help reduce their feelings of nausea. He does this, even though there are no medical marijuana laws in his state and he risks imprisonment if caught. John, however, believes he is doing the right thing by alleviating suffering. John probably is in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.

A)postconventional
B)conventional
C)formal conventional
D)preconventional

Answer 3

postconventional

Question 4

Jonas knew that animals with fur, pointy ears, a tail, four legs, and that say "woof" are called "dogs" by his parents. He saw a new animal and thought it was a dog until it "meowed." Jonas's parents said this was a "cat." Jonas could now distinguish between dog and cat depending on the sound the animal made. This revision of Jonas's schema of a "dog" best illustrates:

A)assimilation.
B)accommodation.
C)formal operations.
D)object permanence.

Question 5

What is the order of social independence that most adolescents follow as they break away from their parents and spend more time with peers?

A)mixed-sex groups of friends, then single-sex groups, then pair off as couples
B)couples, then mixed-sex groups of friends, then single-sex groups
C)couples, then single-sex groups of friends, then mixed-sex groups
D)single-sex groups of friends, then mixed-sex groups, then pair off as couples

Question 6

The concept of object permanence is first understood in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Question 7

A child in the preoperational stage of development often has trouble with the concept of:

A)conservation.
B)assimilation.
C)accommodation.
D)object permanence.

Question 8

A teenage boy starts shaving because he develops facial hair, which is a _____ sex characteristic.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)minor
D)major

Question 9

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development differed from Piaget's largely due to its focus on:

A)cultural influences.
B)self-observations.
C)reinforcement.
D)morality.

Question 10

Which cognitive ability would be least impaired as a person ages?

A)remembering details from a childhood birthday party
B)keeping a phone number in working memory
C)retrieving names of high school classmates from memory
D)understanding the meaning of vocabulary words used in the person's language

Question 11

Developmental psychology focuses on the:

A)continuity of humans over the life span.
B)change of humans over the life span.
C)continuity and change of humans over the life span.
D)infantile period of humans.

Question 12

Knowing that people experience different emotions in response to the same stimulus and react differently to things based on their personal likes or dislikes is a characteristic of:

A)the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
B)the postconventional stage of moral development.
C)assimilation and accommodation.
D)a theory of mind.

Question 13

The heart begins to beat in the _____ stage of prenatal development.

A)germinal
B)embryonic
C)uterine
D)fetal

Question 14

Marital satisfaction follows peaks and valleys; it starts out _____, _____ when children are very young, and _____ when children leave the house.

A)low; decreases; increases
B)low; increases; decreases
C)high; decreases; increases
D)high; increases; decreases

Question 15

The _____ is the standard behavioral test to determine a child's attachment style.

A)Joint Referencing Task
B)Child Attachment Battery
C)Strange Situation
D)Habituation Task