Deck 7: Section 5 : Learning

Question 1

Which schedule arranges reinforcement on the basis of time and response?

A)fixed ratio
B)variable interval
C)variable ratio
D)continuous

Answer 1

variable interval

Question 2

Learned food aversions are generally acquired from _____ due to the evolutionary adaptive conditioning of rejecting foods that may be toxic.

A)familiar foods
B)novel foods
C)acidic foods
D)foods with strong odors

Answer 2

novel foods

Question 3

The Rescorla-Wagner model showed that classical conditioning actually involved a cognitive aspect based on the organism's:

A)expectations.
B)generalizations.
C)discriminations.
D)preferences.

Answer 3

expectations.

Question 4

The school of psychology most associated with learning is:

A)structuralism.
B)functionalism.
C)behaviorism.
D)cognitive psychology.

Question 5

In classical conditioning, a(n) _____ elicits a(n) _____ due to its association with a(n) _____.

A)conditioned stimulus; conditioned response; unconditioned response
B)unconditioned response; conditioned response; unconditioned response
C)unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response; conditioned stimulus
D)conditioned stimulus; conditioned response; unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

Your date smiles at you, and you suddenly know that she probably will return your kiss. Her smile is functioning as a _____ for kissing her.

A)primary reinforcer.
B)generalized stimulus.
C)discriminative stimulus.
D)conditioned stimulus.

Question 7

The adaptive ability for organisms to transfer learning of one particular instance to another very similar case is evidence of:

A)generalization.
B)spontaneous recovery.
C)reinforcement.
D)discrimination.

Question 8

Individual differences are more commonly found in _____ tasks than for _____ ones.

A)classical conditioning; operant learning
B)explicit; implicit
C)operant learning; classical conditioning
D)implicit; explicit

Question 9

After watching an adult model interact aggressively with a Bobo doll, Bandura noted that children behaved aggressively with the doll:

A)but did not tend to imitate the specific actions modeled by the adult model.
B)but only if they were the same gender as the model.
C)even if they saw the adult model being punished for these aggressive behaviors.
D)especially when the model's aggressive behavior was rewarded.

Question 10

On a daily basis, we experience more _____ reinforcers than _____ ones.

A)primary; secondary
B)secondary; primary
C)positive; secondary
D)primary; negative

Question 11

Jane drinks alcohol because it reduces her anxiety. Jane's drinking is being maintained by:

A)positive reinforcement.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)positive punishment.
D)negative punishment.

Question 12

Rachel is training her dog, Duke, to bark when there is a knock on the door. She already knows that the family cat will make Duke bark, so she decides to knock on the door and then open the door to reveal the cat in an effort to condition Duke to bark. What is serving as the unconditioned stimulus?

A)the cat
B)the knock
C)Duke's bark
D)Rachel

Question 13

A pleasure center of the brain is located in the:

A)medulla.
B)nucleus accumbens.
C)basal ganglia.
D)pineal gland.

Question 14

Little Albert developed a fear of a _____ because it was paired with a(n) _____.

A)Santa Claus mask; electric shock
B)loud noise; rabbit
C)dog; white rat
D)white rat; loud noise

Question 15

Positive punishers _____ behavior, and negative punishers _____ behavior.

A)strengthen; strengthen
B)strengthen; weaken
C)weaken; weaken
D)weaken; strengthen

Question 16

Armed with bits of jerky, Alfred taught his pet dog to lie down and roll over. He MOST likely used _____ to teach his dog this trick.

A)secondary reinforcement
B)negative reinforcement
C)a diffusion chain
D)shaping through successive approximations

Question 17

Which statement about study techniques is FALSE?

A)Distributed practice is more effective than massed practice.
B)Practice testing is more effective than rereading material.
C)Highlighting or underlining material has low utility.
D)The use of mnemonics is more effective than distributed practice.