Deck 5: Section 6: Consciousness

Question 1

When you are at a party, you generally do not hear all the conversations going on around you. But if someone suddenly said your name while talking with someone else, your attention would shift to that conversation. Your ability to tune out background noise and pay attention to only certain stimuli refers to what aspect of consciousness?

A)intentionality
B)unity
C)selectivity
D)transience

Answer 1

selectivity

Question 2

The expectancy theory proposes that the varied effects of alcohol are determined by:

A)people's beliefs about how they think it will influence them in different situations.
B)the depressant nature of alcohol causing people to reflect on their problems in different ways.
C)reduced attention causing people to produce simple responses in complex situations.
D)people's genetic dispositions.

Answer 2

people's beliefs about how they think it will influence them in different situations.

Question 3

Animals will work to self-administer most drugs except _____, which are also not likely to be addictive or produce dependence or overdoses in humans.

A)narcotics
B)depressants
C)stimulants
D)hallucinogens

Answer 3

hallucinogens

Question 4

The study of how things appear to the conscious person is called:

A)epistemology.
B)psychoanalysis.
C)self-consciousness.
D)phenomenology.

Question 5

Which of these is the BEST predictor of susceptibility to hypnosis?

A)whether or not a family member is susceptible to hypnosis
B)intelligence level
C)personality characteristics
D)whether or not a person believes he or she is hypnotizable

Question 6

Which of these is a characteristic of REM sleep?

A)somnambulism
B)decreased pulse and blood pressure
C)brain activity resembling the beta-waves of wakefulness
D)hypnic jerks

Question 7

A common sleep disorder where the sleeping person stops breathing for a brief period is:

A)insomnia.
B)sleep apnea.
C)somnambulism.
D)sleep paralysis.

Question 8

Because dreams are often populated with anxiety-producing images (for example, heights, monsters, major exams for which you forgot to study, being naked in public), it is not surprising to find that the _____ is quite active during REM sleep.

A)pituitary gland
B)prefrontal cortex
C)amygdala
D)hypothalamus

Question 9

Fran's 4-year-old son awoke at 9:00 p.m., crying and in a panic, but did not remember having a dream. It is likely that Fran's son experienced:

A)a nightmare.
B)a night terror.
C)narcolepsy.
D)sleep apnea.

Question 10

Which drug is an opiate?

A)cocaine
B)morphine
C)THC
D)MDMA

Question 11

The activation-synthesis model proposes that dreams are:

A)the results of reliving day-to-day activities.
B)how the mind deals with unacceptable wishes and desires.
C)the manifestations of suppressed thoughts.
D)what the mind creates to make sense of the random neural activity associated with sleep.

Question 12

Recent research has suggested that:

A)the brain directs the mind.
B)unconscious zombies do exist.
C)the mind interfaces with the brain via the pineal gland.
D)we think about an action, and then the brain directs the body to perform the action.

Question 13

Someone with high anxiety who constantly worries about the future may try to engage in which strategy?

A)repression
B)dynamic consciousness
C)age regression
D)thought suppression

Question 14

Advertising companies that tried to influence consumers' shopping habits by incorporating subliminal messages into commercials appealed to what type of unconscious?

A)Freudian
B)cognitive
C)collective
D)latent

Question 15

To test whether elephants have a conscious self, researchers marked an "X" on the top of an elephant's trunk with white paint and placed a large mirror in front of the animal. What behavior demonstrates that the elephant had reached the level of self-consciousness?

A)The elephant touches the mirror with its trunk.
B)The elephant touches the white "X" on its reflection in the mirror.
C)The elephant touches the white "X" on itself.
D)The elephant roars when it sees the white "X" in the mirror.

Question 16

Which question pertains to psychological drug dependence?

A)Can taking too much cause injury and death?
B)Will stopping make users sick?
C)Will users crave the drug if they stop?
D)Is drug addiction genetically determined?