Deck 13: Theories of Personality

Question 1

For Freud,the mind is divided into ___ levels.

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Answer 1

three

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of consciousness proposed by Sigmund Freud?

A)conscious
B)conscience
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Answer 2

conscience

Question 3

Sigmund Freud's theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was _____________.

A)liberal
B)open
C)repressed
D)obsessed

Answer 3

repressed

Question 4

Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ______________.

A)sex
B)denial
C)marriage
D)depression

Question 5

Freud believed that the _____________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

A)id
B)preconscious mind
C)manifest awareness
D)unconscious mind

Question 6

For Freud,thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the ______ mind.

A)unconscious
B)preconscious
C)collective unconscious
D)conscious

Question 7

One limitation of the trait perspective compared to the other perspectives is there is not much ________.

A)description
B)research
C)material
D)explanation

Question 8

"What did you have for lunch an hour ago?" Before I asked you that question,the information was in your _______________.

A)conscious level
B)unconscious level
C)postconscious level
D)preconscious level

Question 9

A patient waiting for an appointment with Sigmund Freud looks around the room to see who else is waiting.Who among the following is most likely to have been one of Freud's patients?

A)Hal,a coal-mine worker who is severely depressed
B)Angela,a maid,who is severely depressed
C)Sue,a wealthy woman who is suffering from sexual repression
D)Mario,a soldier who is suffering from a hysterical disorder

Question 10

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg.If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska,what part of the mind would you see above the water?

A)ego
B)superego
C)id
D)preconscious

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

A)temperament and personality are the exact same thing.
B)personality,which we are born with,is the basis upon which one's temperament is built.
C)temperament,which we are born with,is the basis upon which one's personality is built.
D)temperament refers to negative personal characteristics,while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.

Question 12

The _____________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning,and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions.

A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)trait
D)behaviorist

Question 13

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives?

A)humanistic perspective
B)trait perspective
C)projective perspective
D)inventory perspective

Question 14

Jonas was filling out a job application and was required to disclose his home address,social security number and email address.According to Freud,this kind of general information in our memory that can be easily recalled is stored in the ________.

A)unconscious mind
B)subconscious mind
C)preconscious mind
D)conscious mind

Question 15

For Freud,ideas,thoughts,and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the ______ mind.

A)unconscious
B)preconscious
C)collective unconscious
D)conscious

Question 16

Which of Freud's levels of consciousness consists of thoughts and feelings that can be easily brought into immediate awareness?

A)conscious level
B)unconscious level
C)preconscious level
D)postconscious level

Question 17

Charise and Noreen were having a conversation about men."You know," Noreen said,"I think my husband tries to annoy me! Even though he tries to do what I ask,I think that subconsciously he really enjoys ticking me off to see the reactions he'll get.Freud must have been right!" Charise,who has just studied personality psychology in school,corrects Noreen by saying which of the following?

A)"You're probably right,Noreen.Freud was really into subconscious motives."
B)"Freud's theory has absolutely no validity in the modern times,Noreen.Stop analyzing your husband!"
C)"Freud really didn't address the psychological functioning of men,Noreen,only women."
D)"Well,Noreen,there really is no "subconscious" in Freud's theory!"

Question 18

When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality,one is thinking about ____________.

A)soul
B)character
C)temperament
D)conscience

Question 19

For Freud,material that we are not currently aware of but that can be easily recalled is in the ______ mind.

A)unconscious
B)preconscious
C)collective unconscious
D)conscious

Question 20

The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks,acts,and feels is called __________.

A)personality
B)nurture
C)a trait
D)nature

Question 21

When Freud referred to the sexual drive of babies and young children,to what was he really referring?

A)the fact that sexual orientation is established from birth
B)the fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure
C)the fact that children need to be taught about sexual morality from a very early age
D)all of the above

Question 22

There were three friends.Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational,logical,and cunning.Hermione was rule oriented,moral,and always ethical.Ron was pleasure seeking,found it hard to delay gratification,and usually just did what he wanted.According to Freud,Harry was mostly ____________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)conscience

Question 23

For Freud,the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the ________.

A)superego
B)id
C)ego
D)persona

Question 24

Darla's father went to prison when she was four years old,following numerous domestic violence incidents with Darla's mother.Although Darla does not remember the violence,she is fearful of men and avoids intimate relationships.Freud would suggest that the problem lies with Darla's ________.

A)preconscious mind
B)id
C)conscious
D)unconscious mind

Question 25

What is Freud's term for the primitive,biological side of personality?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 26

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely ______.

A)illogical
B)selfless
C)rational
D)amoral

Question 27

Freud named the most primitive part of the personality the id,which is a Latin word that means __________.

A)"sex"
B)"pleasure"
C)"I"
D)"it"

Question 28

You are quite hungry but don't have any money.If you were described as "all id and only id'" what would you do?

A)Distract yourself with images of food.
B)Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner.
C)Run all the way home to get something to eat as soon as possible.
D)Use the defense mechanism of denial to thwart the hunger pangs until an appropriate meal can be obtained.

Question 29

The pleasure principle is associated with which element of Freud's personality theory?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 30

Derrick is an executive with a large financial firm.Any time his investments do poorly,he throws temper tantrums and breaks things.Then he starts barking orders at his secretary.Which personality structure would Freud say is exerting control?

A)id
B)superego
C)ego
D)preconscious

Question 31

What is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 32

In Freud's theory,the id is to fun as the superego is to ____________

A)guilt
B)pride
C)rules
D)freedom

Question 33

In Sigmund Freud's theory,the _______ operates according to the pleasure principle.

A)id
B)ego
C)thanatos
D)superego

Question 34

There were three friends.Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational,logical,and cunning.Hermione was rule oriented,moral,and always ethical.Ron was pleasure seeking,found it hard to delay gratification,and usually just did what he wanted.According to Freud,Ron was mostly ___________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)libido

Question 35

"If it feels good do it" best describes the ______________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 36

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent.According to Freud's model of the mind,her id would unconsciously say _________.

A)"Thou shalt not kill"
B)"I'm going to tear this program in half!"
C)"What,me angry? I never get angry"
D)"I'm so angry I could kill that player"

Question 37

The ______ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world.

A)personal unconscious
B)ego
C)superego
D)persona

Question 38

For Freud,the only personality structure present at birth is the ______.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 39

According to Freud,rationality and logical thinking and reasoning are controlled by the ______.

A)pleasure principle
B)ego
C)superego
D)animus

Question 40

Which component of a person's personality is responsible for the continuing desire to engage in sex indiscriminately?

A)ego
B)superego
C)id
D)preconscious

Question 41

Which of Freud's personality structures can be thought of as housing the human conscience?

A)id
B)superego
C)consciousness
D)subconsciousness

Question 42

What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense?

A)false cognitions
B)coping techniques
C)disordered thinking
D)defense mechanisms

Question 43

Which element in Freud's personality theory is composed of the conscience?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious

Question 44

According to Freud,the result of conflict between the id and superego is ___________.

A)libido
B)depression
C)psychosis
D)anxiety

Question 45

According to Freud,the ______ acts as our conscience.

A)id
B)superego
C)ego
D)collective unconscious

Question 46

According to Freud,the second part of the personality is the ego,which gets its name from the Latin word for __________.

A)"right"
B)"pride" Incorrect While the term "ego" is commonly used to refer to one's pride or sense of self,this is a misuse of the word from Freud's original theory.
C)"I"
D)"self"

Question 47

Yongmei is studying for her math test.Her boyfriend Marcus asks if she can go to the movies with him.She would love to go but she knows she has to study for the math test in order to pass the class.What part of Yongmei's personality will say "You must stay home and study because passing the class is necessary for you to graduate."

A)her ego because it is the moral conscience of her personality
B)her id because studying is what she really wants to do
C)her libido because she knows her boyfriend will love her more if she studies
D)her superego because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscience

Question 48

The ego operates according to the ______.

A)guilt/pride principle
B)reality principle
C)pleasure principle
D)reflex principle

Question 49

An individual operating on the reality principle seeks ____________.

A)immediate gratification
B)perfect accomplishments
C)to reveal unconscious motivations
D)rational means for obtaining gratification

Question 50

In the metaphor the angel,the devil,and me,the angel is the ____________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)unconscious

Question 51

There were three friends.Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational,logical,and cunning.Hermione was rule oriented,moral,and always ethical.Ron was pleasure seeking,found it hard to delay gratification,and usually just did what he wanted.According to Freud,Hermione was mostly ___________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)libido

Question 52

In the metaphor the angel,the devil,and me,the devil is the _________.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)libido

Question 53

The job of the _________ is to find practical ways for the _________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the ________.

A)id;ego,superego
B)ego;id;superego
C)ego;superego;id
D)superego;id;ego

Question 54

For Freud,the moral guardian of personality is the ______.

A)id
B)superego
C)ego
D)libido

Question 55

Anthony is sick of writing papers and studying for tests,but he knows he needs a college degree if he wants to be successful in his chosen career.So every morning Anthony gives himself a dressing down - in essence yelling at himself - to make himself get out of bed and go to classes,and every evening he does the same thing to get himself to do his work.According to Freud,which personality structure is in control here?

A)id
B)ego
C)unconscious
D)superego

Question 56

According to Freud,the reality principle is ______.

A)the way in which the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully
B)the way in which the id tries to obtain gratification and avoid pain
C)the way in which the ego ideal establishes standards of what one would like to be
D)the way in which young children instinctively seek self-actualization

Question 57

The superego develops ____________.

A)at birth
B)during infancy
C)during the preschool years
D)during adolescence

Question 58

From what Latin phrase is the term superego derived?

A)"without morals"
B)"above the rules"
C)"beyond me"
D)"over the self"

Question 59

According to Freud,when the realities of life are in conflict with someone's conscience or selfish desires,it results in a(n)________.

A)psychosis
B)an Electra complex
C)neurosis
D)an Oedipus complex

Question 60

Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office.Later,she felt guilty for stealing it so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took.Freud would suggest that Carolyn's ________ was influencing her motives and behavior.

A)id
B)unconscious mind
C)ego
D)superego

Question 61

According to Freud and his followers,what is the most significant event that occurs during the anal stage of psychosexual development?

A)The child is toilet trained.
B)The child discovers his or her genitals.
C)The child develops sexual feelings toward the parent of the other sex.
D)The child has nightmares that reflect the development of sexual feelings.

Question 62

According to Freud,during the first 18 months of life,the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ______.

A)genitals
B)mouth
C)hands
D)anus

Question 63

When anxiety provoking memories are prevented from reaching conscious awareness,such as not remembering lying to parents,it is called ________.

A)denial
B)sublimation
C)repression
D)regression

Question 64

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as _______.

A)focal zones
B)erogenous zones
C)pleasure zones
D)unconscious zones

Question 65

Dan plays the trumpet,is on the debate team,bites his nails,and chews gum.Freud might say Dan was fixated in the ________ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 66

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A)oral
B)anal
C)latency
D)phallic

Question 67

Donita is angry with her boss so she left work a little early in order to run an extra mile before it gets dark.Which defense mechanism is Donita employing?

A)repression
B)reaction formation
C)rationalization
D)sublimation

Question 68

What is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A)latency,anal,oral,genital,phallic
B)oral,genital,latency,phallic,anal
C)anal,oral,latency,phallic,genital
D)oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital

Question 69

Jeromy has been having an affair with another woman.One afternoon his wife came home later than usual and Jeromy became angry - accusing his wife of infidelity.Which defense mechanism is behind Jeromy's accusation?

A)denial Inorrect.When one refuses to accept the seriousness or reality of a threatening stimulus,they are engaging in denial.
B)projection
C)rationalization
D)reaction formation

Question 70

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple,it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat.From a Freudian perspective,what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

A)Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality.
B)Oscar had an anal retentive personality and Felix had an anal expulsive personality.
C)Both Oscar and Felix were anally fixated.
D)All of the above are

Question 71

The age at which a baby was weaned would have most impact on the ____ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 72

Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer.Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests.Which defense mechanism is at work here?

A)reaction formation
B)denial
C)repression
D)undoing

Question 73

According to Freud,personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages.During infancy,the psychosexual stage is called the _____________.

A)latency stage
B)oral stage
C)anal stage
D)phallic stage

Question 74

Sigmund Freud proposed that little boys' fears that their fathers may retaliate against them for forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses may lead to ________.

A)penis envy
B)penis anxiety
C)castration phobia.
D)castration anxiety

Question 75

Steve is extremely uptight and compulsively neat and orderly.According to Freudian theory,he became fixated at the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

A)oral
B)anal
C)latency
D)genital

Question 76

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?

A)We could become fixated at that stage.
B)We would revert to our biological predispositions.
C)We would be more capable of overcoming the obstacle in adulthood.
D)We could become overly dependent on the superego for future guidance.

Question 77

According to Freud,a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called _______.

A)the Oedipus complex
B)the Electra complex
C)transference
D)countertransference

Question 78

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple,it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat.From a Freudian perspective,what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

A)Oscar was anally fixated,but Felix was not.
B)Oscar and Felix were both anally fixated,but in different ways.
C)Neither Oscar nor Felix were anally fixated.They just had different personalities.
D)Felix was anally fixated,but Oscar was not.

Question 79

When Candace ordered a hot fudge sundae and a diet soda,she told herself that the calories from the ice cream really were not a big deal because the diet soda sort of balanced it all out.Which of Freud's defense mechanisms is motivating Candace?

A)repression
B)rationalization
C)sublimation
D)projection

Question 80

According to Freud's theory of personality development,there are ________ stages that each person must pass through.

A)3
B)5
C)7
D)8