Deck 14: C: Personality

Question 1

The major force in personality psychology that asserted that people were free to choose either adaptive or self-defeating patterns was called the ____.

Answer 1

humanistic model

Question 2

Alfred Adler was most interested in understanding how the ____ led to differences in psychological adjustment for psychologically healthy individuals versus those who developed a mental illness.

Answer 2

inferiority complex

Question 3

An examination of a single person's unique characteristics is at the heart of the ____ approach to studying personality.

Answer 3

idiographic

Question 4

Emilio had an important presentation at work that did not go well.As a result,he spent nearly two and a half hours getting scolded and reprimanded by his immediate boss and the company owner.After getting home,he yelled at his children to "Clean up this mess" after they left a couple of toys in the living room.Emilio has engaged the defence mechanism of ____ to attempt to relieve his stress and anxiety.

Question 5

____ is the theorist who has had the widest sphere of influence in how people think about the topic of personality development.

Question 6

Defence mechanisms,according to Sigmund Freud,are unconscious attempts to reduce our feelings of ____ , and are used in such a manner by the ____.

Question 7

The ____ perspective on personality has the strongest scientific footing of the three major forces in the history of personality psychology.

Question 8

In contrast to Freud's theory,the neo-Freudians placed more importance on the role of ____ in achieving healthy personality development.

Question 9

A common criticism of many psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives on personality development is that they are ____.

Question 10

According to Freud,the ____ is the part of personality that enables us to feel guilt and shame when we fail to live up to our internal standards of appropriate behaviour.

Question 11

Clyde is a 30-month-old toddler who is in the middle of the ____ stage of development.

Question 12

According to humanistic psychologists,the ultimate human motivator is the pursuit of ____.

Question 13

The role of environmental contingencies in producing different personality patterns was a key idea of the ____.

Question 14

The Freudian defence mechanism of denial involves the motivated forgetting of distressing ____ experiences.

Question 15

The biased assumption that females were inferior to males was a major point of contention between Freud's ideas and those of the neo-Freudian theorist ____.

Question 16

A concern with one's self-image and achieving personal goals is most important for people in ____.

Question 17

Ethan and Eva are fraternal twins who were born about two months ago.According to Freud's theory of personality development,they will experience the Oedipus and Electra complex respectively during the ____ stage.

Question 18

The personality approach offered by the ____ focused on how we influence and are influenced by our differing social environments.

Question 19

Social psychological research has consistently demonstrated that general personality traits are often poor predictors of whether a person will engage in a specific behaviour.However,social psychological research has also shown that general personality traits are highly predictive when we ____ specific behaviours across many different situations where they may occur.

Question 20

The statistical tool of ____ is most important to the trait theory of personality.

Question 21

One concern with the use of structured personality tests,like the MMPI,is that certain questions do not appear to be relevant to the psychological dimensions they supposedly measure.A psychologist would say such questions have a low degree of ____.

Question 22

Lyle Crane is a motivational speaker who gives seminars to parents of teenagers.During his talks he mentions that on the basis of questionnaires,the individuals on stage with him are anxious about their responsibilities as parents,have serious doubts about whether their discipline methods are effective in instilling desired values to their children,and worry about what the future holds in their relationship with their kids.Those on stage,and many in the audience,nod in agreement.Lyle tells them that with his Parenting Kit (which can be theirs today for a low price of $249)he can help them to become more effective parents.He is quickly inundated with cash,cheques,and credit card information.Many of these parents are falling victim to the ____.

Question 23

According to your authors,criminal profiles seem to be examples of ____.

Question 24

Darnell is a psychotherapist who asks his clients to describe what is going on in ambiguous situations that are presented one at a time on different cards.His use of ____ is one method to attempt the assessment of an individual's personality.

Question 25

Donnell tells his friend Marques that he has noticed that people with different body types fall into neat,discrete categories associated with very different patterns of personality traits.Marques,who is a psychology major,would be wise to warn Donnell of the ____.