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Deck 12: A: Stress,coping,and Health
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Deck 12: A: Stress,coping,and Health
Discuss the role of control on stress and describe the five types of control that we can use.Based on personal experiences,what do you believe to be the most effective method of control and the least effective method of control? Why?
Answers may vary but should contain the ideas listed below to earn full credit.
Stress can be relieved by acquiring control of the situation.
1.Behavioural control: This is the ability to take charge and do "something" to reduce the severity of the stressful situation (i.e. ,problem-focused).Such control is more effective in dealing with stress than avoiding action (i.e. ,avoidance oriented coping).
2.Cognitive control: This is the ability to "cognitively restructure or think differently about" the emotions that arise from a stressful situation.Such a strategy found that individuals were less distressed when using emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping.
3.Decisional control: This is the ability to choose among alternate choices,in regard to which choice is the best.
4.Informational control: This is the ability to gain information about a stressful circumstance.Anticipating such situations and moving forward to prevent/minimize problems from arising is known as proactive coping.
5.Emotional control: This is the ability to repress and express emotions,based on the situation."There's a time and place for everything."
Stress can be relieved by acquiring control of the situation.
1.Behavioural control: This is the ability to take charge and do "something" to reduce the severity of the stressful situation (i.e. ,problem-focused).Such control is more effective in dealing with stress than avoiding action (i.e. ,avoidance oriented coping).
2.Cognitive control: This is the ability to "cognitively restructure or think differently about" the emotions that arise from a stressful situation.Such a strategy found that individuals were less distressed when using emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping.
3.Decisional control: This is the ability to choose among alternate choices,in regard to which choice is the best.
4.Informational control: This is the ability to gain information about a stressful circumstance.Anticipating such situations and moving forward to prevent/minimize problems from arising is known as proactive coping.
5.Emotional control: This is the ability to repress and express emotions,based on the situation."There's a time and place for everything."
Discuss stress as both a cause and an effect of illness.
Answers may vary but should contain the ideas listed below to earn full credit.
Stress as a cause of illness:
--Stress can have a negative impact on the immune system,hastening the consequences of the illness.
--Physical or emotional responses to stress can trigger an asthma attack.
--Stress can increase harmful behaviours,such as smoking,that make illnesses worse.
Stress as an effect of illness:
--The diagnosis of a fatal illness (e.g. ,HIV/AIDS)can result in extreme stress,making the situation worse.
Stress as both a cause and an effect of illness:
--Ulcers are triggered by H.pylori bacterium and stress.The bacterium alone may not be sufficient to develop ulcers,as suggested by higher rates of ulcers being associated with earthquakes,being a POW,economic crises,and other anxiety-provoking events.
Stress as a cause of illness:
--Stress can have a negative impact on the immune system,hastening the consequences of the illness.
--Physical or emotional responses to stress can trigger an asthma attack.
--Stress can increase harmful behaviours,such as smoking,that make illnesses worse.
Stress as an effect of illness:
--The diagnosis of a fatal illness (e.g. ,HIV/AIDS)can result in extreme stress,making the situation worse.
Stress as both a cause and an effect of illness:
--Ulcers are triggered by H.pylori bacterium and stress.The bacterium alone may not be sufficient to develop ulcers,as suggested by higher rates of ulcers being associated with earthquakes,being a POW,economic crises,and other anxiety-provoking events.
Discuss three of the four healthy behaviour tips given in the chapter.Include the benefits and implications of each tip.
Answers may vary but should contain the ideas listed below to earn full credit.
Health Tips:
1.Stop smoking: Smoking is an unhealthy way to "reduce" stress,placing oneself at risk for health and other stress-related problems (i.e. ,CHD,lung disease,strokes,cancer)over time.
Implications: It is extremely difficult to quit smoking (60 percent of smokers want to stop,but only 10 percent of the approximately 50 percent who try to stop actually succeed).
2.Curb alcohol consumption: Heavy drinking is associated with health issues (i.e. ,cancer,liver problems,pregnancy complications,brain shrinkage,neurological problems,and cardiovascular disease).
Implications: Alcohol studies are controversial because of their conflicting results.
3.Lose weight: The obese tend to be less wealthy,limited in school progress,and less likely to marry,in addition to being at greater risk of heart disease,strokes,high blood pressure,arthritis,cancer,respiratory problems,and diabetes.
Implications: Diet,genes,and everyday habits impact one's ability to lose weight.
4.Exercise: Jogging,lifting weights,and yoga can relieve depression.Other exercises can reduce anxiety and improve fitness/activeness.These exercises lead to numerous health benefits,such as lower blood pressure and CHD risk,enhance lung functions,reduce arthritis,lower diabetes risk,and reduce breast/colon cancer.
Implications: Exercise must be consistent.Research shows jogging,lifting weights,and yoga must be done for eight weeks in order to relieve depression.
Overall Implications:
--People see health issues as a distance threat,but stress as an imminent threat;therefore,they do not comply with these health tips.
--People are aware of the risks but ignore them.
--People rely on the availability heuristic.
--People feel powerless to change.
Health Tips:
1.Stop smoking: Smoking is an unhealthy way to "reduce" stress,placing oneself at risk for health and other stress-related problems (i.e. ,CHD,lung disease,strokes,cancer)over time.
Implications: It is extremely difficult to quit smoking (60 percent of smokers want to stop,but only 10 percent of the approximately 50 percent who try to stop actually succeed).
2.Curb alcohol consumption: Heavy drinking is associated with health issues (i.e. ,cancer,liver problems,pregnancy complications,brain shrinkage,neurological problems,and cardiovascular disease).
Implications: Alcohol studies are controversial because of their conflicting results.
3.Lose weight: The obese tend to be less wealthy,limited in school progress,and less likely to marry,in addition to being at greater risk of heart disease,strokes,high blood pressure,arthritis,cancer,respiratory problems,and diabetes.
Implications: Diet,genes,and everyday habits impact one's ability to lose weight.
4.Exercise: Jogging,lifting weights,and yoga can relieve depression.Other exercises can reduce anxiety and improve fitness/activeness.These exercises lead to numerous health benefits,such as lower blood pressure and CHD risk,enhance lung functions,reduce arthritis,lower diabetes risk,and reduce breast/colon cancer.
Implications: Exercise must be consistent.Research shows jogging,lifting weights,and yoga must be done for eight weeks in order to relieve depression.
Overall Implications:
--People see health issues as a distance threat,but stress as an imminent threat;therefore,they do not comply with these health tips.
--People are aware of the risks but ignore them.
--People rely on the availability heuristic.
--People feel powerless to change.
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