Deck 11: B: Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

Discuss Sternberg's triangular theory of love.What are the three major elements of love and what are the six varieties of love he proposed?

Answer 1

Answers will vary but should contain the following information for full credit.
--Robert Sternberg believes that the "two types of love" model is too simple.In his triangular theory of love,Sternberg (1986,1988a)proposes the existence of three major elements of love: (1)intimacy ("I feel really close to this person"); (2)passion ("I'm crazy about this person");and (3)commitment ("I really want to stay with this person").These three elements combine to form six varieties of love.
Six types of love: 1)Liking (intimacy),2)Companionate (intimacy + commitment),3)empty love (commitment),4)fatuous love (passion + commitment),5)infatuation (passion),and 6)romantic love (passion + intimacy).

Question 2

Suppose your older sister Amanda was diagnosed with bulimia by the doctor.Your mom is very worried about her situation.Write your mom a short letter explaining what bulimia is,including the symptoms,possible cause,and possible outcomes.

Answer 2

Answers will vary but should include the following information for full credit.
--Individuals with bulimia engage in recurrent binge eating,followed by effort to minimize weight gains through purging.Bingeing and purging set up a vicious cycle.
--People who try to lose a lot of weight over a short period of time are prone to binge eating.During a binge,some people could gorge themselves with food equalling more than 10 000 calories in a two-hour period.
--After a binge,they feel guilt and anxiety over the loss of control and the prospect of gaining weight.Frequently,they will purge,which typically takes the form of self-induced vomiting.
--Purging is reinforcing because it relieves anxious feelings after overeating and sidesteps weight gain,but it would set the stage for bouts of overeating.
--Bulimics often see themselves as fat when they are of normal weight.This is in part caused by societal pressures to be thin.
--As eating spirals out of control,bulimics' self-esteem plummets,increasing their concerns about dieting and the likelihood of a binge.This completes the self-destructive circle.
--Bulimia could be physically hazardous,resulting in heart problems,tears to the esophagus,and erosion of tooth enamel.

Question 3

Identify at least five variables that are correlated with happiness and briefly explain how they are important to happiness.

Answer 3

Answers will vary,but a full credit answer should include at least five of the cues listed below with an explanation for each.
--Marriage: Married people tend to be happier than unmarried people.
--Friendship: People with many friends tend to be happier than people with few friends.
--College: People who graduate from college tend to be happier than people who don't.
--Religion: People who are deeply religious tend to be happier than people who aren't.
--Political affiliation: Conservatives tend to be happier than liberals,both of whom tend to be happier than independents.
--Exercise: People who exercise regularly tend to be happier and less depressed than people who don't.
--Gratitude: Short-term happiness can be enhanced if people feel grateful about their lives,having good friends,intimate romantic partners,and fulfilling jobs.
--Giving: Spending money on others produces greater happiness than spending it on one oneself.
--Flow: People feel happier when they are completely immersed in what they are doing,such as writing,reading,performing manual labour,playing sports,performing music,and creating art works.

Question 4

What is the facial feedback hypothesis? Describe how you would design an experiment to test this.

Question 5

Identify three principles that guide attraction and relationship formation and discuss each by providing examples.

Question 6

Discuss the genetic and environmental influences on sexual orientation,including a discussion of the role of sex hormones and brain differences in sexual orientation.

Question 7

Describe two major cognitive theories of emotion and demonstrate their theoretical differences.

Question 8

Compare and contrast drive theories of motivation with incentive theories of motivation.Also describe the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and use an example to illustrate.

Question 9

Describe the levels of personal space and provide an example for each level.