Deck 7: Community Health Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation

Question 1

Which of the following must be created before establishing the evaluation plan for a health project?

A) A clear set of both short-term and long-term goals
B) Decision as to who will collect the evaluation data
C) Observable and measurable objectives
D) Setting up a computer program to analyze the evaluation data

Answer 1

Observable and measurable objectives

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a flaw of many of the health care bills passed during the last four decades?

A) They avoided interfering with the current health care approach and did not improve problems of access or duplication of efforts.
B) They encouraged each state to do what was best for its residents without consideration of what was best for the nation as a whole.
C) They created new layers of bureaucracy in health care administration.
D) They did not include financing to pay for the suggested changes.

Answer 2

They avoided interfering with the current health care approach and did not improve problems of access or duplication of efforts.

Question 3

A community health nurse has determined that the number one priority is to help families in which one member has diabetes. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate to maximize services to persons with diabetes?

A) Ask friends with diabetes about what services they want improved.
B) Duplicate the diabetic organization's services, because not all patients with diabetes have yet received services.
C) Meet with the diabetic organization to see how the public health department can augment what it is offering.
D) Submit a request for funding so that the public health department can also offer services to patients with diabetes.

Answer 3

Meet with the diabetic organization to see how the public health department can augment what it is offering.

Question 4

Which of the following actions must a nurse take to be successful in addition to the typical assessment, diagnosing, and planning directly related to the intervention project?

A) Advocate for community empowerment throughout the process.
B) Choose superb people to implement the plan.
C) Confirm administrative support throughout the project.
D) Continue to assess both barriers and resources throughout the project.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments of 1965?

A) To improve coordination and planning of health care
B) To increase the availability of high technology in health care
C) To reduce overall health care costs
D) To require certificates of need before expensive new construction or technologies are created

Question 6

A nurse is using a systems framework when caring for individuals, families, and aggregates in the community. Which of the following best describes an aspect that would be more challenging when caring for an aggregate as opposed to caring for an individual?

A) Ability to communicate clearly with the client
B) Analyzing power and decision making within the system
C) Defining the system's structure and functions
D) Recognizing the system's goals

Question 7

A nurse assessed carefully and created a comprehensive intervention plan including primary, secondary, and tertiary care for individuals and families. Which of the following factors may the nurse have overlooked?

A) Are other staff members interested in such a project?
B) Are there adequate resources for such a project?
C) Is there support from the administration for the project?
D) Does the nurse have adequate energy and time for such a project?

Question 8

Which of the following best describes why it is important for the nurse to be knowledgeable about the community when providing care to individuals?

A) As nurses travel to meet with clients, they must know the community to find the client's residence.
B) On the basis of information from community assessment, community health nurses can be visible and vocal advocates for health care reform.
C) Community health nurses are expected to have information about the community to share with individual clients.
D) Individuals and families are strongly influenced by the community and environment around them.

Question 9

A nurse found that several professionals resented time spent interacting with and teaching clients. Which of the following describes the most likely underlying motivation for resisting client involvement?

A) Believing that people could change their lives if they really wanted to do so.
B) Empowering others shifts power from the experts to the community.
C) It is more efficient to plan appropriate care without listening to client ideas.
D) Longtime experience with community members has led to disillusionment.

Question 10

Which of the following describes why the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 was unsuccessful in its efforts to increase accessibility and acceptability, improve quality, and constrain rising costs?

A) A new president forced the legislation's repeal.
B) No federal financing was included to implement the law.
C) The federal government made no effort to enforce the law.
D) The law did not affect the current health care delivery system.

Question 11

A nurse is caring for an aggregate as his or her client. Which of the following tasks would the nurse complete first?

A) Determine the setting of the aggregate
B) Gain access into the aggregate
C) Identify the nurse's own strengths and preferences
D) Review the resources available to use in the community

Question 12

Which of the following best describes how the Health Planning Model for care of aggregates differs from the customary nursing process applied to the care of an individual?

A) The nurse must be aware of age, gender, race, ethnic group, religion, educational background, occupation, and marital status of the aggregate.
B) The nurse must first decide on and define the aggregate to receive care.
C) The nurse must determine how best to ensure that each participant receives an equal number of services.
D) The nurse must choose which health care need should have first priority.

Question 13

A nurse is determining the needs of a selected aggregate. Eight percent of the aggregate has diabetes. Which of the following best describes the action that should be taken next to determine if this should be a priority?

A) Ask the American Diabetes Association if 8% is a worrisome rate.
B) Discuss the findings with the head of the public health department.
C) Review the literature to determine the national and state diabetic rate.
D) Determine what the aggregate's diabetic rate has been in the past.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the principal outcome of the Hill-Burton Act?

A) Increased number of hospital beds
B) Increased availability of high technology in health care
C) Reduced overall health care costs
D) Required certificates of need before expensive new construction is started

Question 15

A nurse decided that a high-risk aggregate most needed education about diabetes. Which of the following would be the best approach when teaching the group?

A) Involve participants in small group activities applying the information.
B) Organize the information into a visual presentation such as a PowerPoint presentation.
C) Share the nurse's expertise directly with the group at a meeting for that purpose.
D) Use handouts and pamphlets with pictures consistent with the local cultural groups throughout.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes what Lillian Wald suggested in regards to providing care to individuals and families?

A) Public health nurses should encourage clients to join the Henry Street settlement for mutual growth and support among the families.
B) Public health nurses should focus on providing care in the client's home.
C) Public health nurses should recognize the larger social and economic forces that the family cannot control.
D) Public health nurses should try to understand that educating clients on how to stay healthy is the nurse's primary responsibility.

Question 17

A nurse had all the details carefully arranged for a project: location, speaker, seating arrangement, refreshments, handouts, visual aids, and students to distribute and collect evaluation sheets. Which of the following aspects of the project may be a problem?

A) The administrator's greetings went over time.
B) The environment was so comfortable that no one listened to the presentation.
C) Something totally unexpected and unplanned for happened.
D) A student lost the evaluation sheets.

Question 18

A nurse starts to collect evaluative data for a major health project one month after it starts. Which of the following best describes the purpose of this data collection?

A) Filling out the forms helps the aggregate feel involved in the process.
B) Formative evaluation allows the nurse to make changes if needed.
C) Funding agencies require ongoing evaluations to continue contributing.
D) The nurse needed to know if the desired outcomes were being achieved.

Question 19

A nurse has assessed an aggregate, determined the priority health needs, and decided on what intervention to offer. Which of the following will best determine if the intervention will be successful?

A) Accuracy of the nurse's assessment
B) Careful planning and implementation of the intervention
C) Determination of the aggregate's perspective of the need for the intervention
D) Selection of appropriate evaluation measures both in process and on completion

Question 20

Which of the following best describes where the majority of time is spent by a community health nurse?

A) Caring for individuals
B) Caring for families
C) Caring for groups
D) Caring for aggregates

Question 21

Which of the following important events related to health care occurred during the Reagan administration? (Select all that apply.)

A) Increase in national health planning and coordination of efforts
B) Decrease in both federal control and federal funding
C) Increase in state funding with concurrent control by local boards of health
D) Implementation of Medicare funding based on diagnosis-related groups
E) Suggestions to shift costs and reduce costs
F) Suggestions to mobilize the community to become involved

Question 22

Which of the following would be the most appropriate indicator for determining the needs of an aggregate? (Select all that apply.)

A) Demand for services as seen in the behaviors of the chosen aggregate members
B) Experts' determination of what is needed in the situation
C) Nurse's own expertise, skill, and preferences
D) Obvious health disparities between the advantaged and disadvantaged populations
E) Review of the literature to determine the typical needs of a typical community
F) Verbalized expression of need from the chosen aggregate

Question 23

Which of the following best describes why states will increasingly monitor and report on quality and cost of health care?

A) Citizens are increasingly complaining of high medical costs in a depressed economy.
B) Congress has been unsuccessful in reducing health care costs.
C) Taxation has decreased, resulting in fewer funds available for health care.
D) Hospitals and nursing homes are demanding increased funding.

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the first efforts at improving community health?

A) Environmental planning of water and sewer systems
B) Mass community immunizations
C) Passing laws requiring quarantine of infected persons
D) Segregation of ships from harbors until the harbormaster checked the sailors

Question 25

Which of the following approaches has been suggested to improve the functioning of local and national health planning?

A) Increase nursing involvement.
B) Invite citizen participation in health care provision.
C) Invite more health professionals to be involved in health planning.
D) Increase community involvement among hospitals.

Question 26

Which of the following is the most important phase of the Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnership (MAPP) model?

A) Conduct assessments identifying strengths and current health status
B) Evaluate current local health care systems and forces for change
C) Guide the community toward long-range visioning
D) Mobilize the community to become involved

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEX-PH)?

A) To improve the functioning of public agencies by peer evaluation
B) To provide intensive planning for all professionals involved in public health
C) An evaluation process involving both community and public organizations
D) A self-evaluation by all the groups involved in public health planning

Question 28

A nurse would like to quickly and easily learn more about an aggregate. Which of the following sources of information would be best for the nurse to use to quickly and easily become informed about an aggregate? (Select all that apply.)

A) Conduct a telephone survey of those aggregate members
B) Interview people who have previously been involved with the aggregate
C) Review any available records or previously gathered data
D) Send a mail survey to everyone in the surrounding geographic area
E) Try to find a few key informants and ask for their input
F) Use observation without anyone in the aggregate knowing he or she is being observed

Question 29

Which of the following is the most important component of the Planning Approach to Community Health (PATCH) model?

A) Ensuring that careful records of the decisions made were kept
B) Community participation throughout the process
C) Intensive planning by all professionals involved
D) Selection of professional outcome measures

Question 30

A nurse has completed a community health project. Which of the following actions must be performed by the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

A) Ask for media coverage of the project to maximize public relations
B) Ensure that adequacy and appropriateness of the intervention are measured
C) Be certain the efficiency and cost benefits are measured
D) Collect statistics for careful analysis
E) Communicate follow-up recommendations to the community
F) Write a comprehensive report on the project to be distributed to anyone interested

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act? (Select all that apply.)

A) It provides free health insurance to all U. S. citizens.
B) It requires most U.S. citizens and legal residents to have health insurance.
C) It bans insurance companies from denying coverage because of pre-existing medical conditions.
D) It gradually decreases the number of health insurance options available to Americans.
E) It provides decreased expenses for families by capping out-of-pocket payments.
F) It requires all school-age children to have access to health care services.