Deck 7: Social Groups and Social Stratification

Question 1

A person's class position is

A)determined mainly by ethnicity.
B)almost completely ascribed.
C)closely correlated with his/her religion.
D)usually measured in terms of income level.
E)determined solely by education.

Answer 1

usually measured in terms of income level.

Question 2

Dalits are

A)the most oppressed social category in India.
B)the most oppressed social category in Brazil.
C)an example of an age set.
D)the warrior males among the Maasai.
E)a group of body piercers.

Answer 2

the most oppressed social category in India.

Question 3

In villages in India, a group of people who control most of the land and may also be the numerical majority are referred to as

A)the primary group.
B)a diaspora population.
C)civil society.
D)the dominant caste.
E)dalits.

Answer 3

the dominant caste.

Question 4

Which of the following is an ascribed status?

A)prime minister of England
B)president of the United States
C)Olympic medal winner
D)Queen of England.
E)anthropology professor

Question 5

Studies of U.S. fraternities show that

A)a sense of privilege and power among the brothers appears to be related to abuse of women.
B)gynophobic (woman-hating) behavior is not typical of the entire fraternity system.
C)they socialize and reinforce certain behavior in males in cultures that value male competitiveness.
D)they are similar to exclusive male clubs in many other cultures.
E)all of the above.

Question 6

The term used in some US fraternities to describe gang rape of a woman is a/an

A)"train."
B)"party."
C)"brother thing."
D)"event."
E)"grouper."

Question 7

Bonds based on friendship are

A)one of the most over-studied topics of cultural anthropology.
B)most common in foraging cultures where all relationships are "face-to-face."
C)probably found in all cultures.
D)more common among youth than among adults.
E)more common among women than among men.

Question 8

All systems based on inequality (such as" race," caste, etc.), regardless of their local specificities, share this feature:

A)Those who have greater entitlements control those who have lesser entitlements.
B)Underprivileged groups may rebel against the system.
C)Members of dominant groups work to keep their position.
D)People are relegated to particular levels of entitlement.
E)All of the above.

Question 9

Among the low-income African Americans with whom Carol Stack did research, an important basis of economic survival is the creation of social bonds through

A)monetary exchanges.
B)shared childcare.
C)friendship.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 10

A social group in which ritual is important in reinforcing bonding is

A)youth gangs.
B)age sets.
C)body piercers.
D)fraternities.
E)all of the above.

Question 11

Two features of traditional Roma life are

A)horticulture and fallowing.
B)goat herding and migration.
C)migration and marginality.
D)all of the above, depending on the context.
E)none of the above.

Question 12

One difference between male and female friendships in rural Spain is that

A)men have fewer friends than women.
B)men's friends are mainly kin, while women's friends are neighbors.
C)women's friendships are reinforced through spending leisure time together.
D)men have a greater variety of types of friends than women do.
E)men's friendships are more fragile due to competition for jobs and women.

Question 13

The Kuna people, known for their matrilineal descent and colorful molas, live mainly in the country of

A)Costa Rica.
B)Panama.
C)Venezuela.
D)Brazil.
E)Mexico.

Question 14

Social ranking on the basis of caste is

A)of great ritual importance in India but has no economic or political importance.
B)an example of a primary social group.
C)an ascribed system.
D)no longer an operational social system in India.
E)a cross-cultural universal.

Question 15

A feature that unites the Masta Liu of Samoa is

A)shared unemployment.
B)the fact that they came from households with no resident father.
C)a shared sense of in-born power and privilege.
D)their shared position as last-born sons with no claim to the family property.
E)the fact that they were all circumcised together.

Question 16

A structurist view of youth gang violence sees it as a result of

A)lack of proper child socialization.
B)absence of a father figure in the family.
C)poverty and constricted economic opportunities.
D)genetics.
E)all of the above.

Question 17

The Chinese Women's Movement

A)functions alongside the Chinese government, but is not connected to the government.
B)is an example of a state-created organization.
C)is a clear example of civil society in action.
D)has had no positive impact on women's education in China.
E)is controlled by the government at the national level, but not at the village level.

Question 18

The CO-MADRES organization demonstrates that

A)women's groups mostly focus on issues related to the domestic domain.
B)personal interests can mix with political interests.
C)the key issue uniting women in this case is the provision of food and basic needs for poor mothers.
D)organizations with political motives are dominated by male leaders in Latin America.
E)women in Latin America depend completely on men to organize people into protest groups.

Question 19

In Africa, youths who go through circumcision rituals together are said to constitute

A)secondary groups.
B)cooperatives.
C)non-mainstream groups.
D)age sets.
E)distinct ethnic groups.

Question 20

The only South American country whose official language is English is

A)Chile.
B)Venezuela.
C)Guyana.
D)Argentina.
E)none of the above.

Question 21

Groups formed to help protect the ecology in contemporary nations fit in the category of civil society.

Question 22

Sharing stories is a prominent basis for formation of friendship groups cross-culturally.

Question 23

The geography of Bangladesh is a deltaic flood plain.

Question 24

Agricultural and credit cooperatives are the most common forms of cooperatives worldwide.

Question 25

Which type of anthropology did Fredy Peccerelli practice in his study of the victims of political violence in Guatemala?

A) holistic
B) forensic
C) linguistic
D) interpretive
E) Verandah

Question 26

Violence against the Roma by mainstream populations of Eastern Europe has decreased in recent years.

Question 27

Around the world, a popular social pastime of women is playing dominoes.

Question 28

Compared to kinship relationships, people tend to choose and retain friendship ties voluntarily.

Question 29

Many body modifiers in the U.S. are motivated to alter their bodies through a wish to belong with a specific group of people.

Question 30

According to case study of friendship in Andalucia, Spain,

A)gender roles explain the different types of friends men and women have.
B)women's friends are also neighbors.
C)men's friendships are built on work roles and reinforced through socializing outside work.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above: the study found no evidence of a concept of "friendship" in the region.

Question 31

The concept of class was especially important to the theories of Karl Marx.

Question 32

According to the constitution of India, discrimination on the basis of class is against the law.

Question 33

Romania has the highest number of Roma of any country in the world.

Question 34

The Roma are a diaspora group whose members are frequently treated negatively by members of mainstream society.

Question 35

Specialized forms of nonkin groups are more common in agricultural and industrial societies than in foraging, horticultural, and pastoralist societies.

Question 36

Fifty percent of the population in South Africa is Black.

Question 37

Research on college campuses in the U.S. reveals that fraternities and sororities construct a sense of belonging through identical rituals.

Question 38

Something similar to India's caste system can be found in the history of every agricultural culture.

Question 39

No successful cases of women's cooperatives have been documented cross-culturally.

Question 40

In much of Latin America, local categories of "race" and ethnicity overlap.

Question 41

According to a study of youth gangs in the U.S., two characteristics of a defiant individualistic personality are __________ and __________.

Question 42

Define the concepts of status, ascribed position, and achieved position, and provide an example of each from class reading and discussion.

Question 43

An example of an ascribed position is ________.

Question 44

__________ is a sense of group identity based on a shared sense of identity.

Question 45

Define the concept of civil society and discuss an example of a civil society organization in terms of its goals and functions.

Question 46

The term used to refer to groups of people who are displaced or dispersed from their original homeland is ________ population.

Question 47

The form of exchange most common among friends is __________.

Question 48

New social movements commonly use which form of communication?

Question 49

The ________ system of legalized racial stratification and segregation has recently been brought to an end in South Africa.

Question 50

"Tibetan" is considered an ascribed status based on __________.

Question 51

________ is the more acceptable term than "untouchable" for the people in India who are of the lowest social rank.

Question 52

The Latin American term for indigenous people who have "mixed" with the dominant group is __________.

Question 53

In India, all Dalits are Hindus.

Question 54

CO-MADRES is an example of a/an __________.

Question 55

Among low-income people in Jamaica, extensive social networks are maintained through the use of __________.

Question 56

Discuss the concepts of " race" and racism as cultural constructions; provide an example of racial stratification and its consequences.

Question 57

Describe the workings of one example of a cooperative; address its membership, goals, and activities.

Question 58

A position or standing in a society is referred to as a persons __________.

Question 59

India's traditional system of social ranking is referred to as the ________ system.

Question 60

One way that dominant caste groups maintain their power in India is through ________.

Question 61

Compare urban youth gangs with U.S. college fraternities in terms of three features of your choice (such as motivations for joining, rituals of initiation or solidarity, relationship with the wider society, anthropological theories concerning them).

Question 62

Describe how aspects of social inequality are reinforced through two examples of social groups or social stratification (for example," race," gender, class, caste, indigeneity).

Question 63

Explain the basic features of India's caste system and how it works. Compare it with apartheid in South Africa.

Question 64

How do the aspects of economic systems (livelihood, consumption, exchange) relate to the existence of particular social groups and to social stratification?

Question 65

Peggy Sanday's study of a U.S. college fraternity revealed what key findings?

Question 66

Describe two examples of how civil society groups perform important roles complementary to government.

Question 67

Summarize how "race" and ethnicity are defined in the context of this chapter, and provide an example for each of how it has been used to determine social status.

Question 68

How does a primary group differ from a secondary group, and what is an example of each?

Question 69

What are some of the major issues facing the Roma people today?

Question 70

How do cultural anthropologists define youth gangs and what are some of their findings about this type of group?