Deck 12: People on the Move

Question 1

Remittances are most closely associated with

A)internally displaced persons.
B)military personnel.
C)institutional migrants.
D)labor migrants.
E)refugees.

Answer 1

labor migrants.

Question 2

Cultural anthropologists study how migration is related to

A)economic systems.
B)reproduction.
C)religion.
D)politics.
E)all of the above.

Answer 2

all of the above.

Question 3

Asian women are the fastest growing category of

A)institutional migrants.
B)women refugees.
C)political refugees.
D)illegal immigrants.
E)labor migrants.

Answer 3

labor migrants.

Question 4

According to the "lifeboat mentality,"

A)people in a group should all have equal entitlements to resources available.
B)already established immigrants should take responsibility for helping more recent and needy immigrant groups of the same race or ethnicity.
C)the number of people in a group should not be increased because it will reduce resources available to those already in the group.
D)life is a hopeless struggle and we are all sinking.
E)the government should provide welfare benefits for the unemployed and poor.

Question 5

In a case described in the textbook, anthropologists combined ethnographic data with data on the environment to provide risk assessments and improve service delivery to

A)horticulturalists.
B)refugees.
C)pastoralists.
D)foragers.
E)internally displaced peoples.

Question 6

One disagreement about the issue of Palestinian refugees is

A)whether or not they should have the "right of return."
B)how many refugees there actually are.
C)whether they should have citizenship rights in the countries in which they now reside.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 7

A major cause of population displacement is

A)slavery.
B)colonialism.
C)natural disasters.
D)dam building.
E)all of the above.

Question 8

__________ is the country that receives the largest total amount of remittances.

A)India
B)Russia
C)Mexico
D)Brazil
E)Portugal

Question 9

Anthropological research shows that refugees have an easier time adapting to their new location when

A)the "pioneer refugee" is the male head of household.
B)they are relocated to a rural area.
C)the culture of their destination area resembles the one they left.
D)they are relocated to a warm climate.
E)they have been able to spend a long period in relocation camps as a "transition" period.

Question 10

Transnational migrants are a form of

A)chain migrants.
B)refugees.
C)illegal migrants.
D)circular migrants.
E)institutional migrants.

Question 11

Most Maya people live in

A) Mexico and Guatemala.
B)Guatemala and El Salvador.
C)Guatemala.
D)Honduras and El Salvador.
E)Guatemala and the United States.

Question 12

One key characteristic of the "new immigration" is

A)localization.
B)feminization.
C)declining numbers.
D)specialization.
E)juvenilization.

Question 13

The continent with the most internally displaced persons is

A)North America.
B)Europe.
C)Asia.
D)Africa.
E)none of the above.

Question 14

Salvadoran migrants to the United States are mainly in the category of

A)unemployed.
B)illegal aliens.
C)working poor.
D)middle class.
E)senior citizens.

Question 15

When immigrants, such as the Dominicans in New York City, help bring in and settle relatives and friends, this process is called

A)localization.
B)asylum.
C)circular migration.
D)right of return.
E)chain migration.

Question 16

Push-pull theory, in terms of migration, refers to

A)motivations for migrating from rural to urban areas.
B)why illegal immigration occurs.
C)the circular migration of workers between two places.
D)the effect of war on refugee displacement.
E)the pervasive feeling of migrants not feeling "at home."

Question 17

The study of Salvadoran immigrants on Long Island demonstrates that

A)such refugees tend to stay on welfare for many years.
B)kinship ties play little role in adaptation.
C)many new immigrant people take on low-wage work that other Americans are unwilling to do.
D)like many East Asian immigrants, these people are "an economic success story."
E)employment in the informal sector is more lucrative than employment in the formal sector.

Question 18

A major argument in anthropology and human rights policy about laborers who migrate to the Dominican Republic to cut cane concerns

A)the extensive use of child labor.
B)the degree of free will in the participation in cane-cutting in the DR.
C)the comparison between the situation in the

Question 19

A refugee's entitlement to return and live in his or her homeland

A)is referred to as the right of return.
B)has been considered a basic human right in the West since the signing of the Magna Carta.
C)is included in a UN resolution passed in 1948.
D)is a pressing issue for many refugees worldwide including Palestinian refugees following the 1948 war.
E)all of the above.

Question 20

Among the new immigrant groups in the United States,

A)immigrants from Southeast Asia (especially Vietnam) are one of the better-off immigrant groups.
B)the largest number are from the Middle East.
C)the largest number come from Mexico.
D)none are from the former Soviet Union, since the U.S. has consistently denied entry to refugees from that country.
E)Vietnamese constitute the largest number of immigrants.

Question 21

Among labor migrant workers, Asian men are the fastest growing category.

Question 22

The United Nations has authority over the issues surrounding internally displaced persons.

Question 23

The term "lifeboat mentality" refers to an ethic of sharing with others during a time of emergency or scarcity.

Question 24

A major challenge facing Soviet Jewish immigrants to the United States is finding employment commensurate with their training and experience.

Question 25

Haitian braceros mainly go to Florida for wage work.

Question 26

El Salvador's population is predominantly indigenous.

Question 27

About one in every 10,000 people today is a refugee.

Question 28

Soldiers generally receive adequate cultural training before they arrive at a new location that provides them with an in-depth understanding of the context in which they will be operating.

Question 29

The United Nations has declared the "Right of Return" to be an inalienable human right.

Question 30

The more different a refugee's place of origin and destination, the easier will be his or her process of adjustment to the new location.

Question 31

Three categories of population movement are internal, international, and transnational migration.

Question 32

In Lebanon, Palestinian refugees are able to become citizens, work, and own land.

Question 33

A major aspect of the new immigration is the increase in female migrants.

Question 34

The majority of refugees from Vietnam went to Canada.

Question 35

Refugees are people who are forced to relocate.

Question 36

Cultural anthropologists who study migration tend to do multi-sited research.

Question 37

The Kingdom of Tonga consists of five large islands.

Question 38

In Beatriz Manz' case study of a Maya group who relocated to the jungle to start a new life, the major threat they experienced in the new location was from

A)tropical diseases.
B)lack of clean water.
C)lack of electricity and communications.
D)lack of schools and teachers.
E)political violence.

Question 39

An example of an institutional migrant is a

A)boarding school student.
B)soldier.
C)resident in a home for the aged.
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above: anthropology does not recognize such a category of migrants as valid.

Question 40

Internally displaced persons are often forced to leave their communities because of development projects.

Question 41

What are two categories of "displaced persons"? Give an ethnographical example of each explaining the cause of the displacement and the challenges the people face in their new location.

Question 42

The theory that says people often move from economically depressed rural areas to urban areas is called __________.

Question 43

__________ are economic transfers of money from migrants to their family back home.

Question 44

__________ is the fastest-growing category of involuntary migrant people.

Question 45

People who migrate for work are referred to as __________.

Question 46

Hindu temples in North America have had the most success when they adhere to the ritual practices of specific regions of India.

Question 47

What is circular migration and what is an example of it discussed in the textbook?

Question 48

The movement of a person or a group from one place to another is termed __________.

Question 49

__________ is the country that is the major source of immigrants to the United States.

Question 50

Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest dam, is located in __________.

Question 51

Forced migration that is a result of projects like dam building and mining is called __________.

Question 52

What is the definition of a refugee and what light does research in cultural anthropology shed on this category of migrant?

Question 53

Soldiers posted overseas are an example of __________ migrants.

Question 54

Salvadorans who have migrated to suburban Long Island in the United States tend to make a living by __________.

Question 55

About 40 percent of the economic niche of taxi driving in New York City is filled by "new immigrants" from __________.

Question 56

An example of a refugee group that has had to leave their homeland due to war is __________.

Question 57

Name two new immigrants groups in the U.S. and Canada: __________ and __________.

Question 58

What does the term "transnational migration" mean and what is an example of a transnational migrant group?

Question 59

Name three distinguishing characteristics of the "new immigration."

Question 60

A person who moved internationally, especially to the United States and Canada, since the 1960s is referred to as a __________.

Question 61

Distributional development emphasizes

A)health as the most important sector for development projects.
B)the assessment and adjustment of entitlements.
C)education as the most important sector for development projects.
D)the importance of economic growth as the major path to development.
E)irrigation and water management as the most important development objective.

Question 62

In the early stages of development anthropology, anthropologists were typically hired to work in which phase of the project cycle?

A)project appraisal
B)project implementation
C)project design
D)project identification
E)project evaluation

Question 63

Kerala, India, provides an example of success in terms of which approach to development?

A)economic growth approach
B)structural adjustment
C)feminist approach
D)distributional approach
E)industrialization

Question 64

What does the term "lifeboat mentality" mean and how is it related to migration?

Question 65

The first phase of the project cycle is

A)project implementation.
B)project design.
C)budget assessment.
D)project identification.
E)project appraisal.

Question 66

Discuss the kinds of data collected by the applied research project that seeks to provide risk assessment and improved service delivery for pastoralists.

Question 67

Gerald Murray helped USAID address problems with reforestation projects in Haiti by

A)educating participants about the importance of the profit motive.
B)involving women as participants.
C)replacing the reforestation project with a health clinic.
D)improving cultural fit.
E)conducting an environmental impact analysis.

Question 68

What are some of the political and policy aspects of migration? How do anthropological studies contribute to an understanding of these?

Question 69

Seventeenth century European ideas of secular rationalism and the inevitable advance of scientific thinking were the basis for which model of change?

A)human development
B)distribution-based development
C)diffusion
D)grass-roots development
E)modernization

Question 70

A major lesson gained from the study of change among the Saami is

A)the need to do social impact assessments before introducing new technology.
B)the power of the "trickle down" effect.
C)that women benefitted more than men from the introduction of technology.
D)that sustainable development is best achieved through World Bank projects.
E)that environmental impact assessments should be done before all projects.

Question 71

Life projects promote development through

A)more bilateral aid for projects.
B)a greater role for the United Nations.
C)emphasis on health care projects.
D)emphasis on crossing the digital divide.
E)giving priority to local people's aspirations.

Question 72

A major bilateral aid organization is

A)World Bank.
B)United States Agency for International Development.
C)United Nations.
D)UNICEF.
E)International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Question 73

Explain how the "new immigration" differs from earlier forms of migration. Then discuss two examples of new immigrants. Compare and contrast their reasons for migrating and their patterns of adaptation to the new context.

Question 74

Describe some of the negative environmental and cultural aspects of the Three Gorges Dam project.

Question 75

World Bank requirements that lending countries adjust their spending away from social programs such as education and health are called

A)positive reinforcement.
B)structurism.
C)adjustment of the project cycle.
D)cultural appraisal.
E)structural adjustment.

Question 76

Describe the factors that led the Maya villagers (in the Culturama) to leave their home area and establish a new settlement. What was their new settlement like in terms of social organization and amenities. What challenges did they face there during the civil war?

Question 77

Women's organizations for change

A)mirror the "male bias in development" by leaving out issues important to poor women.
B)are primarily initiated and led by elite women.
C)have been successful in terms of promoting handicrafts but completely unsuccessful in increasing women's access to credit.
D)are focused completely on domestic (home) issues such as child care.
E)none of the above.

Question 78

The male bias in development planning and projects refers to the

A)exclusion of women from many development projects.
B)greater attention given to men's health problems than women's.
C)tendency for development experts to emphasize the importance of schooling for boys more than for girls.
D)greater number of men than women hired to work for the large development organizations like the World Bank.
E)tendency for family planning projects to target men rather than women.

Question 79

Discuss the theoretical debate in cultural anthropology between structurism and agency and describe how it plays out in the context of the bracero system of the Dominican Republic. Explore the strengths and weaknesses of both theoretical angles in terms of the evidence available.

Question 80

What is internal migration and what are two examples of it?