Deck 13: Section 1 : From Social Cognition to Affect

Question 1

Which of the following claims that emotion results when people label, interpret, and identify physiological arousal?
a. Arousal-plus-mind theory
b. Schachter & Singer's 1962) theory of emotion
c. Attribution for outcome theory
d. Both A and B

Answer 1

Both A and B

Question 2

Excitation transfer theory proposes that autonomic arousal from emotions or exercise decays _____, as such people often cannot distinguish the source of their arousal.
a. Slowly
b. Quickly
c. Faster positive emotions than for negative emotions
d. Faster for negative emotions than for positive emotions

Answer 2

Slowly

Question 3

Imagine that you find yourself interacting with your advisor the way you do with your father or mother. Upon reflection, you realize your advisor really reminds you of this parent in a lot of different ways. Your behavior is best described by which of the following?
a. Exemplar-based categorization
b. Emotional prejudice
c. Outgroup emotional complexity
d. Affective transference

Answer 3

Affective transference

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the cybernetic theory of self-attention?
a. Self-focused people notice discrepancies between their current state and their goals, and then adjust behavior to reduce the discrepancy
b. Attention networks function similar to computer networks; directing attention towards the self increases retention of information stored in self-relevant pathways
c. Attention networks function similar to computer networks; directing attention towards the self decreases ability to accurately interpret external stimuli, due to cognitive load
d. All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following best describes what is meant by a positivity bias?
a. Positive information captures attention more rapidly
b. People expect and experience slightly positive outcomes
c. Positive information increases task mobilization
d. None of the above

Question 6

If we see a snake in the grass and scream or recoil, which of the following would claim that this response itself constitutes our emotion, without any cognitive role?
a. Facial feedback hypotheses
b. James-Lange view
c. Excitation transfer
d. Schachter & Singer's 1962) theory of emotion

Question 7

Which of the following researcher's theory suggests that high power leads to positive affect?
a. Fiske
b. Keltner
c. Mandler
d. Schachter

Question 8

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that is related to positive affect, rewards, and social power?
a. Dopamine
b. Acetylcholine
c. Seratonin
d. All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following underlies why people typically provide excuses that attribute negative behavior to external, uncontrollable circumstances?
a. Weiner's attributional theory of motivation
b. Rudolph's theory of interpersonal judgment
c. Affective forecasting
d. Planning fallacy

Question 10

Which of the following has been shown to be true regarding emotion experienced in long-term relationships?
a. The amount of emotion experienced in a relationship is negatively correlated with longevity
b. Intimate relationships are defined by the potential for emotional intensity, as such the more emotionally intense a relationship remains, the more fulfilling it is
c. Long-term relationships are most successful when emotions steadily increase in intensity throughout the duration
d. Both B and C

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of the bipolar structure of affect characterization?
a. Organizes affects into positive and negative dimensions, crossed with degree of arousal
b. Typically fits well with behavioral responses
c. Often appears in verbal reports of emotions
d. All of the above

Question 12

Imagine that you have an important deadline coming up. You are extremely upset and anxious about your ability to complete the work on time. To make yourself feel better, you avoid the work and focus on more enjoyable tasks - such as reading novels - instead. This is an example of which of the following?
a. Primary emotional appraisal
b. Problem-focused coping
c. Indirect appraisal
d. Emotion-focused coping

Question 13

Although you were never especially fond of a particular person, after riding on an exhilarating rollercoaster together, you begin to feel sparks of attraction. Which of the following could best describe this phenomenon?
a. Affective encoding
b. Excitation transfer
c. Sympathetic nervous system activity
d. Biophysical emotional feedback

Question 14

What is a primary difference between a mood and an evaluative reaction?
a. Moods typically do not have a specific target
b. Moods are primarily considered as either positive or negative
c. Preferences usually have some duration; they are not especially short-lived
d. All of the above

Question 15

As you are presenting your data, you notice your advisor's corrugator supercilii muscles contracting. This most likely signals which of the following?
a. A negative affective response
b. A positive affective response
c. A state of high arousal
d. A state of low arousal boredom)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes what is meant by the James-Lange view of emotions?
a. Emotions are a conscious mental reaction to real-world stimuli
b. Emotions are socially-constructed concepts held in a shared culture
c. Emotions are revealed to us through unique physiological patterns
d. All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following best describes what is meant by the facial feedback hypothesis?
a. We understand others' emotional states based on facial cues
b. Facial cues provide social feedback that can signal inclusion or exclusion
c. Emotional events trigger configurations of facial muscles, which provide sensory feedback that allows us to be aware of our own emotions
d. All of the above

Question 18

The term "affect" includes which of the following?
a. Evaluations
b. Moods
c. Emotion
d. All of the above

Question 19

Sometimes people can report feeling two bipolar emotions at the same time
a. Bipolar structure
b. Bivalent structure
c. Pollyana effect
d. Positivity offset
e.g. happy and sad). Which of the following describes this structure of affect?

Question 20

According to Berscheid and Mandler, which of the following best defines the closeness of a relationship?
a. Frequency of interdependency
b. Strength of interdependency
c. Diversity of interdependencies
d. All of the above

Question 21

According to Simon's view and Oately and Johnson-Laird's related view, emotions serve what primary purpose?
a. As alarm signals to alert organisms to an unmet need
b. As a way to connect with other people
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above

Question 22

The most effective secondary appraisal coping strategies depend on which of the following?
a. The degree of realistic control one has
b. The stage of the threat involved
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

Question 23

Which of the following does NOT describe a documented effect of intense emotions?
a. Intense emotions interrupt well-planned, ongoing cognitive activities
b. Emotionally charged events are especially memorable
c. Emotionally charged events occupy much of people's daily thoughts
d. The interrupting effect of emotion is to disorganize one's responses

Question 24

Attempting to change one's expectations about the future's perceived motivational congruence
a. Problem-focused coping
b. Emotion-focused coping
c. Goal-focused coping
d. Social-comparison coping
e.x. "maybe this cloud has a silver lining") is an example of what type of secondary appraisal?

Question 25

Which of the following is a negative consequence of durability bias?
a. People expect negative events to affect them longer than they actually do
b. People expect positive events to last longer than they actually do
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above

Question 26

If you find that the negative consequences of romantic breakup weren't as terrible as you thought it would be, which of the following did you likely fail to consider?
a. Your psychological immune system
b. The extent to which you are dependent on others
c. The intensity of your emotions regarding the relationship
d. All of the above

Question 27

Research shows that people paired with a new person who matches a former liked partner express more positive affect than when paired with a former disliked partner. Such results indicate which of the following?
a. Affective transference
b. Schema-triggered affect
c. Durability bias
d. None of the above