Deck 10: Atoms in Combination: the Chemical Bond: How Does Blood Clot

Question 1

Which state of matter maintains a constant volume but not a fixed shape?

A) gas
B) plasma
C) liquid
D) crystal
E) solid

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which makes the best electrical conductor?

A) covalent bonds
B) ionic bonds
C) hydrogen bonds
D) metallic bonds
E) polymers

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Freezing and boiling are examples of

A) processes that cause physical changes.
B) oxidation/reduction reactions.
C) polymerization.
D) temperature changes that form ionic bonds.
E) processes that cause chemical changes.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Metallic bonds create materials with properties that make them

A) stiff and viscous.
B) malleable.
C) brittle.
D) good insulators.
E) soft and pliable.

Question 5

Chemical bonds are

A) the attraction among atoms resulting from the destruction of electrons.
B) an unstable configuration among two or more elements.
C) the redistribution of electrons between atoms, leading to a more stable configuration.
D) sharing of electrons in the lowest energy level.
E) explained in laws of thermodynamics.

Question 6

Which of the following common household products is an acid?

A) detergent
B) vinegar
C) milk
D) ammonia
E) salt

Question 7

Which of the following chemical reactions shows combustion?

A) Fe⁺² + H₂O $\rightarrow$ FeO + H_2(g)
B) HCl + NaOH $\rightarrow$ NaCl + H₂O
C) CH₄ + 2O₂ $\rightarrow$ .CO₂ + 2H₂O
D) Pb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ $\rightarrow$ 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O.
E) CaO + 2HCl $\rightarrow$ CaCl₂ + H₂O

Question 8

The electrons at the outer level of the atom are called

A) outer field electrons.
B) the atomic number.
C) valence electrons.
D) orbital electrons.
E) ionic electrons.

Question 9

Most polymers are characterized as

A) permanently stable compounds.
B) interesting to study, but having little value in our lives.
C) a collection of small molecules combined into long chains.
D) found in synthetic products, but not in nature.
E) weak but flexible.

Question 10

In which of the following places is more polymerization than depolymerization occurring?

A) silk cocoon
B) cow stomach
C) compost heap
D) amino acid formation
E) bird's excretion

Question 11

A piece of gravel by the side of road is most likely held together by

A) covalent bonds.
B) ionic bonds.
C) van der Waals forces.
D) crystal lattice.
E) hydrogen bonds.

Question 12

Sodium chloride (NaCl) atoms form a crystal lattice that is held together by

A) hydrogen bonds.
B) salt bonds.
C) covalent bonds.
D) ionic bonds.
E) van der Waals bonds.

Question 13

To see an everyday example of oxidation, you might observe

A) growing hair.
B) photosynthesis.
C) a nail rusting.
D) a thunderstorm.
E) a light bulb shining.

Question 14

An example of a metallic bond is

A) DNA
B) nitrogen gas
C) hydrogen gas
D) NaCl
E) gold and copper

Question 15

Which of the following is not characteristic of hydrogen bonds?

A) separation of positively and negatively charged ions.
B) links of hydrogen to oxygen and other negative ions.
C) malleability and metallic bonds.
D) linking the two sides of the DNA double helix.
E) polar molecules.

Question 16

Where would you not expect to find plasma?

A) the Sun
B) sealed in a magnetic bottle
C) on the Earth's surface
D) neon lights
E) fluorescent light bulbs

Question 17

If a chemical bond forms spontaneously, then

A) energy will be needed in the reaction.
B) energy will be released in the reaction.
C) a change in state will always occur.
D) a change in color will always occur.
E) a plasma will always be formed.

Question 18

To save money, you bought a tougher cut of meat. Which of the following processes will you be using if you use a meat tenderizer?

A) distillation
B) condensation reaction
C) precipitation
D) dehydration synthesis
E) depolymerization

Question 19

Which of the following represents the most stable arrangement of electrons?

A) atoms with completely filled valence shells
B) elements that are positioned on the far right column of the periodic table of elements
C) inert gases such as helium, neon and argon
D) atoms with a total of 2, 10, 18 or 36 electrons
E) any or all of these answers are correct

Question 20

An example of something that is not a polymer is

A) fur and cellulose.
B) spider webs and plastic.
C) nylon and cotton.
D) some paints, inks, and glues.
E) plasma and gas.

Question 21

What characteristics of nylon give it advantages over natural fibers? Name one material that is made out of nylon.

Question 22

Which statement is true of liquid crystals?

A) Could not be akin to the 'lipid bilayer' molecules in the primitive oceans.
B) Liquid crystals become less structured in the presence of an electric field.
C) Under the influence of an electric field, liquid crystals are a static state of matter with disordered atoms.
D) Polymers broken into individual parts reform as liquid crystals.
E) They evaporate to form plasma.

Question 23

What is the primary difference among the three kinds of chemical bonding? Give examples of each.

Question 24

What are three items you might see in your kitchen that contain polymers?

Question 25

Your brother gives you two unfamiliar looking items and challenges you to discover which one is held together with metallic bonds and which one with ionic bonds. What test(s) would you design to meet his challenge?

Question 26

Explain how some insects' body weight can be supported by the surface of pond water.

Question 27

From the point of view of valence electrons, explain the formation of diatomic gasses.

Question 28

How does the number of electrons in the outer shell determine the chemical characteristics of an element?

Question 29

What are polar molecules? Give an example.

Question 30

If you drop a material that is held together by ionic bonds, one likely outcome is that it will

A) bend.
B) bounce.
C) flow across the floor.
D) shatter.
E) be dented.

Question 31

What is the difference between oxidation and reduction? Give examples.

Question 32

Describe the approach a chemist might take in designing polymers to have a shorter span of existence in a landfill.

Question 33

A material that shows polarization in its chemical attraction is

A) carbon
B) water
C) plastic
D) wood
E) oxygen

Question 34

A high octane rating in gasoline causes less engine 'knock' because

A) high octane gas is easier to distill than low octane.
B) high octane is less complex hydrocarbons than low octane.
C) high octane can withstand high compression in a cylinder without igniting.
D) the isomer n-heptane is the primary component.
E) high octane contains small amounts of isooctane.

Question 35

Explain the octane method of rating gasoline.

Question 36

Why does carbon form a host of compounds and structures?

Question 37

Just as you crack an egg to begin making breakfast your friend walks into the room. "Look," she says, "I've cut my bangs and now they're crooked." As she pencils in a hair appointment on the calendar, her boyfriend comes in from outside, scraping clay from his boots. Jumping up on the counter, he knocks your glass mixing bowl to the floor, shattering it and making a slippery mess. You attempt to clean up the mess but accidentally break the metal handle off the dust pan and rip your new cotton shirt in the process. "What a morning!" you say. During which part of the morning were ionic bonds broken? When were metallic and covalent bonds broken?

Question 38

At the molecular level, what is the difference between a crystal and glass?

Question 39

How do you neutralize an acid? Give an example.

Question 40

Exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions differ in that

A) energy is given off only in exothermic reactions.
B) energy is given off only in endothermic reactions.
C) the total energy in all involved electrons is the same before and after an exothermic reaction.
D) the total energy in all involved electrons is the same before and after an endothermic reaction.
E) only exothermic reactions can be observed in everyday life.

Question 41

Given the physical properties of glass, what would you expect to see in glass that has been around a long time such as the stained glass of the cathedrals of Europe?

Question 42

What is polarization with regard to the nature of chemical bonds?

Question 43

Why is a great deal of thermal energy required to convert a liquid like water to a gas (steam)?

Question 44

If carbon were not available on Earth, what other element(s) have similar bonding potential.

Question 45

What are isomers?

Question 46

Briefly explain the statement that 'the covalent bond is the bond of life.'

Question 47

What is organic chemistry?

Question 48

Explain the concept of 'life-cycling costing.'

Question 49

What are the four states of matter?

Question 50

When hydrochloric acid and lye combine, what are the two chemical products?