Deck 23: Classical and Modern Genetics: Why Do Offspring Resemble Their Parents

Question 1

What is the cellular function of deoxyribonucleic acid?
1) provides structure to the nucleus
2) governs all chemical functions
3) carries inheritance information
4) serves as an antibiotic for bacteria

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) Both 2 and 3

Answer 1

Both 2 and 3

Question 2

Which could be an example of DNA sequencing?

A) 0 1 1 1 0 0
B) C A T C A T
C) T U T T A T
D) a b c d e f
E) + - - + + -

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about DNA is false?

A) DNA molecules are made of smaller molecules.
B) Every living cell on earth contains DNA molecules.
C) DNA strands contain alternating sugar and phosphate molecules.
D) DNA is the mirror opposite of RNA.
E) Hydrogen bonds join the two sides of the DNA ladder.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is a codon?

A) the genetic code
B) a set of three bases on the mRNA
C) a set of three bases on the tRNA
D) an amino acid string
E) a protein

Question 5

Which genetic characteristics did Gregor Mendel omit from his studies?

A) hairy toe knuckles
B) pod texture
C) flower color
D) height
E) hybrids

Question 6

What would make you more susceptible to viral attack?

A) moving to Tokyo
B) spending a year living abroad
C) wilderness camping in Kenya
D) all of these are correct
E) none of these are correct

Question 7

Which is not part of a nucleotide?

A) recessive gene
B) phosphate group
C) adenine
D) sugar
E) guanine

Question 8

The genetic distribution 9:3:3:1 is characteristic of

A) the second generation, one gene trait.
B) the first generation, four gene traits.
C) the third generation, four gene traits.
D) the second generation, two gene traits.
E) none of these.

Question 9

Which of the following does not have to contain a DNA molecule?

A) gene
B) chromosome
C) cell
D) virus
E) zygote

Question 10

Where does protein synthesis in a cell actually take place?

A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) nucleus
D) ribosome
E) codon

Question 11

What is a gene?

A) a particular stretch of DNA located on a chromosome
B) several chromosomes that control physical features
C) a combination of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA
D) the hydrogen bonds of the DNA base pairs
E) an amino acid string

Question 12

In a cell, the process of transcription

A) transfers DNA information from the nucleus to the rest of the cell.
B) uses RNA to carry genetic information.
C) relays instructions to regulate the cell chemistry.
D) all of these are correct.
E) none of these are correct.

Question 13

Transcription of DNA

A) supplies information that runs cell chemistry.
B) divides the cell through mitosis.
C) determines the genetic code.
D) destroys extra nucleotides.
E) includes all of these.

Question 14

Which statement about viruses is false?

A) Viruses kill the cell.
B) Viruses are RNA segments coated with protein.
C) Viruses can metabolize.
D) Viruses are DNA segments coated with protein.
E) Viruses use the cell's enzymes.

Question 15

Which does not follow from Mendel's work?

A) All organisms employ the same genetic code.
B) Traits can be either dominant or recessive.
C) Units of inheritance pass traits from parents to offspring.
D) Both parents contribute equally to the traits of the offspring.
E) Tallness is dominant over shortness in pea plants.

Question 16

What did Mendel's genetic model predict?

A) Parents are equally important in the transfer of genetic information.
B) The male contributes most of the dominant traits.
C) The female contributes most of the dominant traits.
D) Physical traits are expressed in a random proportion.
E) Mental traits are expressed in a ratio of 9:3:3:1.

Question 17

Which of these processes precedes fertilization?

A) oxidation
B) respiration
C) mitosis
D) meiosis
E) mutation

Question 18

The "double helix" of DNA refers to the

A) hydrogen bonding of the nucleotides.
B) twisting of the ladder-like double strands of bases.
C) hexagon shape of the carbon atoms.
D) fact that DNA is at the core of all medical studies.
E) unique chemistry of the RNA bases.

Question 19

Which of the following diseases is not hereditary?

A) sickle-cell anemia
B) cystic fibrosis
C) Familial tendencies to develop cancer
D) arthritis
E) All of these are hereditary.

Question 20

Which of the following can cause a mutation?

A) a change in the RNA of the parent
B) damage to the cell membrane of the parent
C) an alternation of DNA in a parent's egg or sperm
D) diseases such as cancer or hypertension
E) infertility in older parents

Question 21

Why do children resemble their parents?

A) Parents and children usually share an environment.
B) RNA carries the genes for physical features from parents to children.
C) Children's genes are a combination of the base-pair sequence in the genes of both parents.
D) Family members look alike by chance.
E) A child's physical features are determined in utero.

Question 22

Compare the sugars in DNA and RNA.

Question 23

How is the codon related to the genetic code?

Question 24

Compare the HIV virus that causes AIDS with a typical computer virus.

Question 25

What is a mutation and how is it caused?

Question 26

Using the three basic rules of classical genetics, explain why more people curl their tongue than those who cannot.

Question 27

Elaborate on the central rule of molecular biology - "One gene codes for one protein."

Question 28

What are the four possible "rungs" on the DNA ladder? In other words, what are the only possible bonding pairs of DNA bases? Why can only these bonds occur?

Question 29

In what way does Gregor Mendel represent the quintessential scientist?

Question 30

A genetic disease can be expressed in the offspring when
1) both parents had a recessive gene for that disease.
2) both parents had a dominant gene for that disease.
3) only one parent had a dominant gene for that disease.
4) only one parent had a recessive gene for that disease.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 1, 2, or 3

Question 31

The difference between mRNA and tRNA is that

A) mRNA carries the gene sequence and tRNA translates the gene sequence.
B) tRNA models the message and mRNA reads the message.
C) mRNA is inside the cell and tRNA is outside the cell.
D) tRNA carries a code of bases and mRNA decodes this.
E) mRNA magnifies the gene sequence and tRNA truncates the gene sequence.

Question 32

How does DNA differ from RNA? How are they alike?

Question 33

What is the difference between DNA and tRNA?

A) size
B) shape
C) location
D) sugar
E) all of these are correct

Question 34

How does tRNA determine a protein's primary structure?

Question 35

How did the bioinformatics revolution accelerate work in the Human Genome Project?

Question 36

What makes exact DNA replication possible?

A) The acidity of the cell cytoplasm eliminates mistakes.
B) The geometry of individual base pairs allows only one base to form a hydrogen bond with its complement base.
C) Floating nucleotides can bond with each other in random combinations.
D) Meiosis passes complete genetic information to two identical daughter cells.
E) Mitosis is a powerful process that eclipses all other cell functions.

Question 37

Review the steps in the replication of DNA.

Question 38

How do antibiotics work?

Question 39

Now that the Human Genome Project has been completed, what are the research goals for J. Craig Venter, who led that project but now heads a research institute?

Question 40

What is the difference between DNA mapping and DNA sequencing?

Question 41

Where is AIDS though to have arisen and how might this virus have spread to humans?

Question 42

From a mutation standpoint, why is it advisable for people to be immunized against influenza virus each year?

Question 43

What is Mendel so famous for postulating in the 19^th century? This was something we know a lot about today, but was hard to imagine back then.

Question 44

What is the definition of the human genome?

Question 45

The Human Genome Project mapped how many base pairs on how many chromosomes?

Question 46

What was the discovery in the "Columbia fly room" that led to a tenet of modern genetics?

Question 47

What is the relationship between human "junk DNA" and the field of gene control studies?

Question 48

What is the fundamental assumption of all classical genetics?

Question 49

What is the definition of a gene?