Deck 10: A: Emotional Development

Question 1

Children who cannot control their emotions often have difficulty resolving conflicts with peers.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Chinese 11-month-olds have been found to cry and smile more than European American 11-month-olds.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Basic emotions consist of a subjective feeling, a physiological change, and an overt behaviour.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Infants are more fearful of strangers in a familiar environment.

Question 5

Smiles during the first month reflect the infant's pleasure in interacting with others.

Question 6

The results of twin studies provide evidence that heredity does not influence temperament.

Question 7

Babies who are a few weeks old use social smiles.

Question 8

Complex emotions depend on the child having some understanding of self.

Question 9

In the New York Longitudinal Study, the largest group of babies was classified as "difficult."

Question 10

Distinct displays of anger emerge between four and six months of age.

Question 11

Around six months, babies show stranger wariness.

Question 12

Complex emotions emerge between 18 to 24 months of age.

Question 13

Infants of mothers who interact easily and confidently with them are more likely to develop intense, difficult temperaments.

Question 14

Self-conscious emotions are responses to meeting or failing to meet expectations or standards.

Question 15

Infants who are high on effortful control tend to be high on surgency/extraversion and low on negative affect.

Question 16

By seven years of age, children experience feelings of relief, but are less likely to experience feelings of regret.

Question 17

Anger is a complex emotion.

Question 18

A positive relationship with parents and siblings is related to children's understanding of emotions.

Question 19

During the elementary-school years, children have a decreased ability to see multiple, differing emotions.

Question 20

Social referencing shows that infants rely on their parents' emotions to regulate their own behaviour.

Question 21

Shy children often have difficulties interacting with peers and often do not cope effectively with problems.

Question 22

Most North American infants become attached to their mothers but not their fathers.

Question 23

Shy, inhibited two-year-olds were less likely than outgoing two-year-olds to help a hurt stranger.

Question 24

Fathers are more likely than mothers to read to and play games like peek-a-boo with their babies

Question 25

When an experimenter feigns injury, shy and outgoing children are equally likely to notice and be disturbed by the adult's distress.

Question 26

Persistent children, active children, and distractible children are all as likely to succeed in school.

Question 27

About 60-65 percent of North American babies have secure attachment relationships.

Question 28

Adults with dismissive attachment representation are the most likely to provide the sensitive caregiving that promotes secure attachment relationships in their own children.

Question 29

Extroversion looks like a blend of the temperamental dimensions of positive affect and activity level.

Question 30

When infants are distressed they prefer to be comforted by their fathers.

Question 31

According to John Bowlby, children are more likely to survive if they form an attachment to an adult.

Question 32

Anxious, fearful children are less likely to comply with a parent's rules and requests.

Question 33

Attachment is an enduring social-emotional relationship.

Question 34

During preattachment, babies behave differently in the presence of familiar and unfamiliar adults

Question 35

Children with secure attachment relationships have higher-quality friendships and fewer conflicts with peers than children with insecure attachment relationships.

Question 36

Children who are frequently angry or fearful are more prone to depression.

Question 37

Infants and toddlers who resist control tend to have behaviour problems when they are older if their mothers did not exert much control.

Question 38

A secure attachment is most likely when parents respond to infants predictably and appropriately.

Question 39

Temperament during infancy is not related to temperament later in life.

Question 40

Around seven months of age, the attachment figure becomes a stable social-emotional base.