Deck 4: B: Growth and Health

Question 1

Physical growth is

A) steady throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
B) relatively slow during infancy and childhood but rapid in adolescence.
C) rapid during infancy, slow during childhood, and rapid during adolescence.
D) rapid during infancy and childhood but slow during adolescence.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Who is likely to be accumulating fat LEAST rapidly?

A) Belle, who is six months of age
B) Greta, who is four years of age
C) Caroline, who is 10 years of age
D) Claire, who is 13 years of age

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following accurately describes secular growth trends over the last 100 years?

A) Adults and children are heavier today but no taller than in previous generations.
B) Adults and children are heavier and taller today than in previous generations.
C) Adults and children are lighter and shorter today than in previous generations.
D) Adults and children have the same average height and weight today as they did in previous generations.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the role of hormones in growth?

A) Growth hormone is secreted by the liver.
B) Growth hormone triggers the release of somatomedin which causes muscles and bones to grow.
C) The majority of growth hormone is secreted while children and adolescents are awake.
D) The pituitary gland does not have an important role in growth.

Question 5

The rate of physical growth is slowest during which period of life?

A) prenatal development
B) the first year of life
C) preschool and elementary school years
D) early adolescence

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The body's muscle fibres appear after birth.
B) Very little fat accumulates after birth.
C) Cartilage begins to turn to bone after birth.
D) Toddlers and young children have disproportionately large heads.

Question 7

"Average" physical growth

A) varies from one generation to the next.
B) does not vary from country to country.
C) is the same as "normal" physical growth.
D) is the same in Africa and Europe.

Question 8

Cartilage turns to bone

A) first in the centre and later in the ends of the cartilage structure.
B) first at the ends and later in the centre of the cartilage structure.
C) in all parts of the cartilage structure simultaneously.
D) beginning at birth.

Question 9

Which eight-year-old boy is likely to be the shortest?

A) Tom, who is from the United States
B) Mikio, who is from Japan
C) Arthur, who is from Great Britain
D) Joseph, who is from Polynesia

Question 10

Average heights

A) vary from country to country
B) have been decreasing over the last 100 years.
C) stay the same from generation to generation.
D) have a wider range than normal heights.

Question 11

The finding that tall parents tend to have taller children whereas short parents tend to have short children suggests that ________ influences height.

A) heredity
B) the environment
C) a hormone
D) nutrition

Question 12

Which of the following helps bones and muscles grow?

A) somatomedin
B) osteoporosis
C) antibodies
D) epiphyses

Question 13

Bone develops from

A) cartilage.
B) muscle fibres.
C) fat tissue.
D) the central nervous system.

Question 14

The range of "normal" heights is

A) wider than the range of "average" heights.
B) narrower than the range of "average" heights.
C) the same as the range of "average" heights.
D) sometimes narrower and sometimes wider than the range of "average" heights depending on the country.

Question 15

The body's muscle fibres

A) are mostly absent at birth and do not appear in great numbers until middle childhood.
B) become longer and thicker during childhood.
C) become shorter and thinner during childhood.
D) are fused together at birth but gradually separate.

Question 16

Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the

A) pituitary gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) epiphyses.
D) myelin.

Question 17

Mrs. Wolff reminded her art students that in order to draw toddlers and young children realistically they need to draw disproportionately large

A) feet.
B) hips.
C) arms.
D) heads.

Question 18

Fat accumulates rapidly

A) only during infancy.
B) during infancy and the preschool years.
C) during the preschool years and adolescence.
D) during infancy and adolescence.

Question 19

Which of the following describes a secular growth trend?

A) Girls begin puberty earlier than boys.
B) Boys eventually grow taller than girls.
C) Boys in the current generation are taller on average than boys from the previous generation.
D) The rate of growth during adolescence is faster than it is during middle childhood.

Question 20

Epiphyses are

A) the collective physical changes that occur in early adolescence.
B) chemicals that travel in the bloodstream to act on other body parts.
C) changes in physical development from one generation to the next.
D) the ends of the cartilage structures in a fetus.

Question 21

Thirteen-year-old Chris, who has a 6'2" father and a 5'1" mother, is worried because he is only as tall as his mother right now and would like to be much taller. What would you tell Chris if he confided his concerns to you?

A) "Sorry, Chris, but you've probably already reached your mature height. Just remember, many great men were short. Think of Napoleon!"
B) "Don't worry, Chris. Most boys don't reach their full height until they are 17. You've got about four more years to grow and you are likely to be of average height because you have a tall father and a short mother."
C) "You should go to the doctor, Chris. You are abnormally short for your age and parents' heights. You may have a growth hormone deficiency."
D) "You don't have anything to worry about, Chris. Most boys end up being taller than their mothers and fathers, so you will probably be over 6'2" before you stop growing."

Question 22

Which of the following is TRUE of nutrition and physical growth?

A) Nutrition is particularly important during infancy when growth is rapid.
B) In a two-month-old, almost 80 percent of the body's energy is devoted to growth.
C) Young babies need fewer calories per pound of body weight than do adults.
D) Nutrition is not related to physical growth.

Question 23

Candace has been overwhelmed with advice and information from well-meaning friends and relatives after the birth of her first child, and she isn't sure which of their statements she should believe. Which of the following statements that she has been told about nutrition and eating early in life is true?

A) At two years, growth becomes more rapid so children need to eat more.
B) No more than one new food should be presented to an infant at one time.
C) In the U.S., most babies are bottle-fed exclusively, because they get more nutrients that way than they would if breast-fed.
D) Babies should not eat solid foods until they are one year of age.

Question 24

Parents of young children who are picky eaters should

A) force their children to clean their plates.
B) use food as a reward or punishment.
C) talk about and emphasize what the child is or is not eating.
D) allow children to eat foods in any order that they want.

Question 25

Nutritional needs during infancy are high because ________ requires a relatively large amount of energy.

A) digestion
B) respiration
C) an infant's high activity level
D) growth

Question 26

Michelle and Deana are arguing about the relative benefits of breastfeeding and bottle-feeding. Which of their arguments is most valid?

A) Michelle's claim that breast-fed babies are ill less often because breast milk has the mother's antibodies in it.
B) Deana's assertion that bottle-fed babies are less likely to have diarrhea and constipation.
C) Michelle's argument that breast-fed babies' psychological development is enhanced.
D) Deana's belief that bottle-fed babies make the transition to solid foods more easily.

Question 27

Adolescents

A) need to eat less than they did during childhood or they will become overweight.
B) need about the same number of calories per day as they did during childhood.
C) need to eat more than in childhood because of the adolescent growth spurt.
D) have varied nutritional needs, but they usually get adequate amounts of nutrients.

Question 28

Richie is at the peak of his adolescent growth spurt, so he is probably gaining as many as ________ kilograms a year.

A) two
B) 11
C) 25
D) 40

Question 29

For girls, puberty typically begins with

A) the appearance of pubic hair.
B) growth of the breasts.
C) menarche.
D) the first ovulation.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is TRUE?

A) To prevent osteoporosis, adolescents should consume 1300 milligrams of calcium daily and do weight-bearing exercise five days a week.
B) Most adolescents get enough calcium and exercise for healthy bone growth.
C) Adolescents are at the greatest risk for osteoporosis.
D) More men than women suffer from osteoporosis.

Question 31

Compared to bottle-fed babies, breast-fed babies

A) are ill more often.
B) are less prone to diarrhea and constipation.
C) have a more difficult time making the transition to solid foods.
D) do not receive the antibodies that are found in formula.

Question 32

The adolescent growth spurt

A) usually begins earlier for girls than for boys.
B) usually ends earlier for boys than for girls.
C) is a time when girls gain more muscle than boys.
D) is a time when boys gain more fat than girls.

Question 33

The adolescent growth spurt and sexual maturation that occur in early adolescence are known as

A) a secular growth trend.
B) puberty.
C) menarche.
D) hormones.

Question 34

Research on osteoporosis has shown that

A) most people with osteoporosis are men.
B) most bone mass is formed during adulthood.
C) swimming is a good weight-bearing exercise that strengthens bones.
D) most adolescents don't get enough calcium or exercise for healthy bone growth.

Question 35

________ are physical signs of maturity that are not linked directly to the reproductive organs.

A) Primary sex characteristics
B) Secondary sex characteristics
C) Rites of passage
D) Puberty

Question 36

Who is most likely to have just reached their full adult stature?

A) Ann, who is 13
B) Scott, who is 13
C) Diane, who is 15
D) Clyde, who is 15

Question 37

Girls begin puberty at a younger age when

A) they eat less.
B) they have many siblings.
C) their fathers are no longer living at home.
D) their mothers are no longer living at home.

Question 38

Ginger and Roger are fraternal twins arguing about who is going to begin puberty first and who is going to reach their adult height first. If you were chosen to referee their argument, what would you tell them?

A) Girls begin puberty and reach their adult height earlier than boys.
B) Boys begin puberty and reach their adult height earlier than girls.
C) Girls and boys begin puberty and reach their adult height at the same ages.
D) Girls begin puberty before boys but reach their adult height after boys.

Question 39

________ are organs that are directly involved in reproduction.

A) Secondary sex characteristics
B) Primary sex characteristics
C) Puberty
D) Menarche

Question 40

Sara has discovered that she has a disease that makes her bones become thin and brittle and likely to break easily. Sara has the symptoms of

A) osteoporosis.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) synaptic pruning.

Question 41

Studies concerning early maturing boys

A) prove that it is beneficial for them.
B) prove that it is harmful for them.
C) offer conflicting information about the effects of early maturation.
D) prove that is has no effects on them.

Question 42

Gavin was severely malnourished as an infant. He is likely to experience damage to his ________, which may affect his intelligence and ability to pay attention.

A) brain
B) pituitary gland
C) hormones
D) basal metabolic rate

Question 43

Malnourishment is most harmful during

A) adolescence.
B) middle childhood.
C) the preschool years.
D) infancy.

Question 44

Alicia refuses to eat and is terribly afraid of becoming overweight. Alicia has characteristics of

A) obesity.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) malnourishment.
D) a typical teenager.

Question 45

Early maturation

A) seems to be more clearly harmful for girls than boys.
B) benefits girls but not boys.
C) benefits both boys and girls.
D) can be harmful for boys but not girls.

Question 46

Girls who mature early ________ than girls who mature late.

A) receive better grades in school
B) are more popular with peers
C) are more likely to smoke and drink
D) have more self-confidence

Question 47

For boys, puberty typically begins with

A) the appearance of pubic hair.
B) growth of the testes and scrotum.
C) growth of the penis.
D) the growth spurt.

Question 48

________ is characterized by alternating between binge eating with purging through self-induced vomiting or with laxatives.

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Obesity
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Malnourishment

Question 49

Early maturing girls

A) are more popular with peers than other girls.
B) are more self-confident than other girls.
C) are more poised and socially competent than other girls.
D) are more likely to be depressed than other girls.

Question 50

Menarche typically occurs at ________ years of age.

A) nine
B) 11
C) 13
D) 15

Question 51

Penelope is undergoing treatment for malnourishment. The most appropriate treatment would be one that

A) focused solely on improving Penelope's diet.
B) educated Penelope's parents about malnourishment.
C) used medication to control Penelope's behaviour.
D) combined dietary improvements with parent training.

Question 52

Which of the following statements concerning the maturation of the reproductive system is TRUE?

A) Early menstrual cycles are usually regular.
B) Boys' initial ejaculations usually contain sufficient sperm to fertilize an egg.
C) In the first months of menstruation, girls do not usually ovulate.
D) At about age 17, boys have their first spontaneous ejaculation.

Question 53

Puberty

A) occurs earlier in boys than in girls.
B) occurs earlier in girls who experience more stress than in girls who have less stress.
C) occurs later in boys who experience more stress than in boys who have less stress.
D) is not influenced by genetics.

Question 54

Research suggests that severe malnourishment during infancy

A) will not impair childhood intellectual ability as long as children have attained normal height and weight.
B) only impacts physical growth.
C) damages the brain, affecting a child's intelligence and ability to pay attention and learn.
D) will stunt physical growth but will not impair intellectual development.

Question 55

The onset of puberty

A) is regulated by the pituitary gland.
B) is totally controlled by genetic forces.
C) occurs later in girls who are depressed.
D) occurs earlier when girls receive inadequate nutrition.

Question 56

Which of the following girls would you expect to enter puberty first?

A) Shalicia, whose mother entered puberty at a young age
B) Chara, who is malnourished and does not receive adequate health care
C) Anita, who has a chronic illness
D) Jane, who lived in Europe in 1840

Question 57

You are asked to create a brochure for a "Hungry Children" campaign designed to educate the public about malnourishment during infancy and childhood. Which of the following subtitles would be most appropriate to include in the brochure?

A) "Parents-Stimulate Your Malnourished Children"
B) "Malnutrition-Only A Third World Problem"
C) "How To Treat Hyperactivity Resulting From Malnutrition"
D) "How To Avoid Malnourishment During Its Most Dangerous Period-Adolescence"

Question 58

Malnutrition

A) is common only in developing nations.
B) does not affect children's size or intelligence.
C) is especially damaging during middle childhood.
D) needs to be treated by improving children's diets and training parents to stimulate their children.

Question 59

Anorexia

A) does not have any serious consequences.
B) is unrelated to cultural values.
C) occurs more often when parents grant their adolescents much independence.
D) is more common in females than in males.

Question 60

Dwayne is an early maturing male and Camille is an early maturing female. Which of the following statements about Dwayne and Camille is most likely to be true?

A) Many of the influences that early maturation have on Dwayne and Camille may disappear during adulthood, particularly if a supportive environment is provided.
B) Camille will benefit more from her early maturation than Dwayne will from his.
C) Camille and Dwayne will both be more popular with their peers in school than later maturing adolescents.
D) Camille and Dwayne will both be more self-confident than later maturing adolescents.

Question 61

The ________ contains the basic biological machinery that keeps the neuron alive.

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) cell body
D) neural plate

Question 62

The most common cause of accidental death in children is

A) drowning.
B) motor vehicle accidents.
C) suffocation.
D) burns.

Question 63

Which of the following is TRUE of obese children?

A) They have severe behaviour problems.
B) They are viewed favourably by their peers.
C) They are at risk for diabetes and high blood pressure.
D) They are likely to outgrow their "baby fat" and become slim adults.

Question 64

Patti was adopted and is obese. Patti's weight is

A) likely to be more closely related to her adoptive parents' weights than to her biological parents' weights.
B) likely to be more closely related to her biological parents' weights than to her adoptive parents' weights.
C) likely to be an average of her biological parents' weights and her adoptive parents' weights.
D) not likely to be related to either her adoptive parents' weights or to her biological parents' weights.

Question 65

Genes

A) are not related to weight.
B) are related to activity level.
C) do not influence basal metabolic rate.
D) do not influence the rate of calorie burning.

Question 66

A(n) ________ is a cell that specializes in receiving and transmitting information.

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) corpus callosum
D) neuron

Question 67

The leading cause of death in young children worldwide is

A) infectious diseases.
B) birth defects.
C) low birth weight.
D) accidents.

Question 68

Obesity may be caused by

A) one's heredity setting a low basal metabolic rate.
B) television advertising that emphasizes the cultural ideal of thinness.
C) parents who emphasize internal signals rather than external signals to control eating.
D) one's heredity determining a high activity level.

Question 69

____________________ is often the focus in body dysmorphic disorder.

A) Excessive thinness
B) Binging and purging
C) Perceived muscularity
D) An irrational fear of obesity

Question 70

Around the world, children under the age of five years are

A) most likely to die from acute diseases and malnutrition.
B) most likely to die from diseases that cannot be prevented.
C) usually vaccinated to prevent childhood illnesses such as measles.
D) afflicted with diseases that are expensive to prevent.

Question 71

If Paul is a typical obese child, he

A) has many friends.
B) is the only one in his family who is overweight.
C) is at risk for many medical problems.
D) feels positively about himself.

Question 72

The speed at which the body consumes calories is referred to as

A) the basal metabolic rate.
B) the activity level.
C) an internal cue.
D) an external cue.

Question 73

Each neuron consists of

A) a cell body.
B) an axon.
C) dendrites.
D) all of these answers

Question 74

In North America, children over one year of age are most likely to die from

A) acute respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases.
B) birth defects.
C) low birth weight.
D) accidents.

Question 75

Obesity is associated with

A) a fast basal metabolic rate.
B) the use of internal eating cues.
C) the use of external eating cues.
D) a high activity level.

Question 76

Anorexia and bulimia are more likely to occur in girls who

A) were picky eaters as children.
B) are in elementary school.
C) are "troublemakers."
D) are irresponsible.

Question 77

Ten-year-old Tyra is obese. Which of the following weight-loss programs would be most effective?

A) A program in which Tyra does not have to concern herself with monitoring her calories and exercise.
B) A program that focuses on changing Tyra's eating habits, encouraging her to become more active, and helping her to avoid sedentary behaviour.
C) A program that sets very high goals for Tyra's weight loss.
D) A program that teaches Tyra to respond to external cues to start and stop eating.

Question 78

Liv has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following statements would she be LEAST likely to make?

A) "I am SO fat!"
B) "I never want to be overweight."
C) "My parents are so overprotective."
D) "My parents give me a lot of freedom."

Question 79

Crystal has a fast metabolic rate and Paula has a slow metabolic rate; therefore,

A) Paula burns calories more rapidly than Crystal.
B) Crystal burns calories more rapidly than Paula.
C) Paula reached puberty earlier than Crystal.
D) Crystal reached puberty earlier than Paula.

Question 80

Which of the following looks like a tree with many branches?

A) a neuron
B) a dendrite
C) an axon
D) a cell body