Deck 22: D: Population,urbanization and the Environment

Question 1

One region of the world has both the highest birth rate and the highest infant mortality rate.Which is it?

A)Latin America
B)Africa
C)Europe
D)Asia

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Canada is a high-income country;therefore,its population growth is likely to result from which of the following?

A)both immigration and natural increase
B)natural increase only
C)immigration only
D)emigration only

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following regions of Canada has the highest birth rate?

A)the North
B)the Prairies
C)the Maritimes
D)Ontario and Quebec

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Why are sex ratios usually below 100?

A)Because many societies abort male fetuses.
B)Because more women than men are born.
C)Because women typically outlive men.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 5

If a nation has a sex ratio of 106,as India does,it is very likely that parents there:

A)value sons more than daughters.
B)value daughters more than sons.
C)value children of both sexes equally.
D)place little value on children.

Question 6

Fertility refers to:

A)life expectancy for a nation's population.
B)norms that encourages people to have children.
C)the maximum number of children a woman can have.
D)the incidence of childbearing in a nation's population.

Question 7

Demography is defined as the study of:

A)democratic political systems.
B)human population.
C)changes in human culture.
D)the natural environment.

Question 8

Looking at countries around the world,what is the relationship between average income level and rate of population increase?

A)The lower the average income,the greater the population increase.
B)All nations are increasing at about the same rate.
C)The higher the average income,the greater the population increase.
D)Poor nations are holding steady,rich nations are decreasing.

Question 9

Which of the following four statements about migration is NOT true?

A)Migration can be voluntary or involuntary.
B)Movement into a territory is called immigration.
C)Movement out of a territory is called emigration.
D)Migration has little or no effect on population size.

Question 10

The demographic measure called the "sex ratio" refers to:

A)how easily couples conceive children.
B)the number of males for every 100 females in the population.
C)the number of females for every 100 males in the population.
D)the ratio of children to adults in a population.

Question 11

Which of the following concepts refers to the number of live births in a given year for every thousand people in a population?

A)fertility
B)refined birth rate
C)crude birth rate
D)fecundity

Question 12

Through most of human history,families had many children because:

A)children were a source of needed labor.
B)birth control was not reliable.
C)high death rates meant that many children did not reach adulthood.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 13

In global perspective,the crude birth rate of high income nations such as Canada is:

A)much higher than average.
B)slightly higher than average.
C)about equal to the average.
D)below average.

Question 14

If you were studying countries with very low infant mortality,in which of the following global regions would you be most likely to look?

A)Latin America
B)Africa
C)Europe
D)Asia

Question 15

Currently,about how many people are added to the world's population each year?

A)740,000
B)7.4 million
C)over 80 million
D)over 840 million

Question 16

If you were to examine an age-sex pyramid for a low-income nation,you would expect to see which of the following patterns?

A)a wide base,indicating a high birth rate
B)a square shape,indicating a low birth rate
C)a bulge in the middle,indicating a "baby boom"
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 17

When in history did global population begin to spike upward?

A)1500
B)1750
C)1900
D)1975

Question 18

In 2010,the world is home to about how many people?

A)6.7 billion
B)3.6 billion
C)1.6 billion
D)160 million

Question 19

Which of the following concepts refers to the maximum possible childbearing for women?

A)the crude birth rate
B)fertility
C)fecundity
D)the refined birth rate

Question 20

Assume a country has a population of 400 million people and in a given year has 4 million births.What is this country's current crude birth rate?

A).1
B)1
C)10
D)4 million

Question 21

In the preindustrial stage of economic development,population:

A)increases very slowly,with a high birth rate offset by a high death rate.
B)increases rapidly due mostly to natural increase.
C)increases rapidly due entirely to immigration.
D)decreases very rapidly.

Question 22

In medieval cities of Europe,what was found at the city's center?

A)a central business district
B)the ghetto
C)government buildings
D)the cathedral

Question 23

About how long ago in history did the first cities emerge?

A)12,000 years ago
B)4,000 years ago
C)2,000 years ago
D)1,000 years ago

Question 24

The concept "zero population growth" refers to the level of reproduction that:

A)produces a perfect age-sex pyramid.
B)keeps the sex ratio steady at 100.
C)maintains population at a steady state.
D)will take the population steadily downward to zero.

Question 25

How much did the world's population increase during the twentieth century?

A)Not at all-it stayed about the same.
B)It doubled.
C)It tripled.
D)It quadrupled.

Question 26

Thomas Robert Malthus claimed that:

A)the world could sustain an ever-larger population.
B)population increase would eventually bring chaos to the world.
C)industrialization would reduce the birth rate.
D)population decrease threatened the world in the future.

Question 27

In low-income countries,increasing opportunities available to women is likely to:

A)stimulate the economy,raising economic output.
B)lower the birth rate.
C)result in more schooling for women.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 28

Currently,about how much of the global population increase is taking place in low-income nations?

A)33 percent
B)50 percent
C)75 percent
D)97 percent

Question 29

Malthus argued that:

A)population would increase in geometric progression.
B)food and other resources would increase in arithmetic progression.
C)people would reproduce to a point beyond what the planet could support.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 30

In 1975,in which city would we have found the world's tallest free-standing structure on land?

A)New York City
B)Chicago
C)Toronto
D)Montreal

Question 31

Most historians agree that the first city was:

A)Ur.
B)Uruk.
C)Jericho.
D)London.

Question 32

Which of the following nations would you expect to be most concerned about declining population?

A)a landlocked country such as Chad
B)a large country such as Brazil
C)a high-income country such as Japan
D)a low-income country such as Bangladesh

Question 33

In poor nations of the world today,what is the average number of children born to a woman?

A)ten
B)eight
C)six
D)three

Question 34

Which of the following statements correctly describes societies at the postindustrial level of economic development?

A)Birth rates are low.
B)Death rates are low.
C)Both A and B are true.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 35

In Canada,the birth rate is currently:

A)at the replacement level.
B)below the replacement level.
C)slightly above the replacement level.
D)well above the replacement level.

Question 36

With the Industrial Revolution,how did the physical design of cities change?

A)Cities took on a new focus on business.
B)Winding streets gave way to broad and straight boulevards.
C)Urban populations became much larger.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 37

Canada has ____ CMAs.

A)775
B)400
C)100
D)33

Question 38

The basic idea behind demographic transition theory is:

A)population patterns reflect a society's level of technological development.
B)population increase will outstrip the planet's ability to support us.
C)population increase is now mostly in high-income nations.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 39

In what year was half the Canadian population living in urban places for the first time?

A)1880
B)1920
C)1931
D)1985

Question 40

When did the world's population reach 1 billion?

A)1600
B)1700
C)1800
D)1900

Question 41

As a rich nation that values consumption and convenience,we can be described as:

A)a "Malthusian society."
B)a "recycling society."
C)a "disposable society."
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 42

The concept "environmental deficit" refers to:

A)long-term harm to the environment caused by a short-sighted focus on material affluence.
B)the fact that too few people are engaged in the study of the natural environment.
C)the fact that natural scientists ignore the social dimensions of environmental problems.
D)efforts to protect the environment to benefit future generations.

Question 43

Which of the following is evidence of the shortage of fresh water now found around the world?

A)China's supply of ground water is declining rapidly.
B)Water supply in the Middle East is at a critical level.
C)Mexico City has pumped so much water from the ground that the city continues to sink about two inches per year.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 44

Which of the following accounts for most water use in the world today?

A)industry
B)agriculture
C)households
D)water parks,golf courses,and other recreational settings

Question 45

Why is the gradual loss of the world's rain forests an important environmental concern?

A)Rainforests are vital to maintaining the planet's biodiversity and climate.
B)Rainforests are necessary grazing lands.
C)Rainforests are a vital source of hardwoods and other raw materials.
D)Rainforests are a source of air pollution.

Question 46

According to Emile Durkheim,while traditional,rural societies are held together by _____,modern urban societies are held together by _____.

A)likeness;difference
B)difference;likeness
C)money;morals
D)choice;conformity

Question 47

Which Canadian Prime Minister was declared the "greenest prime minister" in history?

A)Pierre Elliott Trudeau
B)Jean Chretien
C)Stephen Harper
D)Brian Mulroney

Question 48

Which of the following concepts refers to the optimistic approach to environmental issues that claims science can promote progress and solve environmental problems?

A)the sustainability thesis
B)the Malthusian thesis
C)the limits to growth
D)the logic of growth

Question 49

Which of the following concepts was used by Ferdinand Tönnies to refer to a type of social organization in which people come together only on the basis of individual self-interest?

A)Gemeinschaft
B)Gesellschaft
C)mechanical solidarity
D)organic solidarity

Question 50

The concept "megalopolis" refers to which of the following?

A)a vast urban region containing many cities and suburbs
B)the largest city in any country
C)a dense,central city
D)the "rural rebound"

Question 51

The study of the link between the physical and social dimensions of cities is referred to as:

A)urbanism
B)urban ecology
C)mechanical solidarity
D)urbanization

Question 52

Which of the following concepts refers to the study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment?

A)sociobiology
B)ecology
C)demography
D)urban studies

Question 53

Which of the following statements expresses the "logic of growth"?

A)Material affluence is dangerous to humanity.
B)Technology and human ingenuity will continue to improve our lives.
C)Quality of life on the Earth is declining.
D)Growth makes no sense because we cannot sustain it indefinitely.

Question 54

A third urban revolution is now taking place in:

A)the United States.
B)high-income nations.
C)middle-income nations.
D)low-income nations.

Question 55

Mounting evidence suggests that the average temperature of the planet is:

A)now steady.
B)rising.
C)falling.
D)lower than it has ever been.

Question 56

Environmentalists argue that we should address the problem of solid waste by:

A)using less
B)burning it
C)burying it
D)chemically breaking it down

Question 57

What percentage of the earth's water is in the oceans?

A)10
B)37
C)60
D)97

Question 58

Less than 1% of the earth's water is suitable for:

A)irrigation
B)manufacturing use
C)swimming
D)drinking

Question 59

Which of the following statements expresses the "limits to growth" thesis?

A)We are rapidly consuming the Earth's finite resources.
B)Whatever problems technology creates,technology can solve.
C)Quality of life on the Earth is now improving.
D)Growth makes sense because it raises living standards.

Question 60

Which of the following concepts,used by Emile Durkheim,means about the same thing as Tönnies' concept,Gesellschaft?

A)mechanical solidarity
B)organic solidarity
C)Gemeinschaft
D)the blasé urbanite

Question 61

The environmental racism thesis falls within which theoretical approach?

A)the structural-functional approach
B)the sociobiology approach
C)the symbolic-interaction approach
D)the social-conflict approach

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT one of the three strategies on which sustainable living depends?

A)bring population growth under control
B)reduce waste
C)conserve finite resources
D)reduce urbanization