Deck 24: The West and the World 1815-1914

Question 1

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

A)A revolt of Chinese military officers who supported westernization against the Qing Empress Dowager
B)A rebellion of traditionalist Chinese patriots who wished to expel all Westerners from China
C)An uprising of militant Muslims against British rule in Sudan
D)A revolution made by patriotic samurai who overthrew the Japanese shogun

Answer 1

A rebellion of traditionalist Chinese patriots who wished to expel all Westerners from China

Question 2

How did the building of railroads in Latin America, Asia, and Africa facilitate Western economic interests as opposed to regional economic interests?

A)Railroad lines connected resource-rich inland cities to seaports to facilitate Western trade but did not link inland cities to each other.
B)Local economies had no need for railroads since they already had extensive trade networks.
C)Railroad lines destroyed regional trading patterns by offering more profitable trade with Western markets.
D)Local political leaders accepted huge bribes to permit Western railroads to build across their land regardless of the economic damage caused by the building process.

Answer 2

Railroad lines connected resource-rich inland cities to seaports to facilitate Western trade but did not link inland cities to each other.

Question 3

What was the principle by which the European powers established their claim to an African territory after the Berlin Conference in 1884 and 1885?

A)Annexation
B)Effective occupation
C)Military subjugation
D)The white man's burden

Answer 3

Effective occupation

Question 4

What was the goal of the New Imperialism of the late nineteenth century?

A)To create large political empires
B)To achieve economic exploitation without direct political control
C)To support large migrations of Europeans to new imperial lands
D)To convert native populations of new imperial lands to Christianity

Question 5

How was the flow of goods directed around the globe in the nineteenth century?

A)By new communication systems, such as the telegraph, that could direct ships from port to port
B)By letters sent between merchants and captains as ships waited in ports
C)By letters of transit that were given to ships' captains before leaving, which directed their routes and activities
D)By networks of carrier pigeons that carried directions for ships across the seas

Question 6

How did Muhammad Ali finance his modernization of Egyptian society?

A)He forced farmers to become tenants of large, private landowners who adopted commercial agriculture.
B)He invaded the Sudan to the south and established a trade in slaves from the Sudan to the Middle East.
C)He instituted a high tax on all foreign firms and business in Egypt.
D)He seized control of the Suez Canal and established transit fees for passage.

Question 7

What did the Western world hope to achieve through the global economic system?

A)It would control and determine the national economic policies of nations across the globe.
B)The largest share of gains from trade, technology, and migration would flow to the West and its propertied classes.
C)Non-Western merchants could connect with the global economy and develop their own nation's wealth.
D)The wealth of the Western world would spread to rest of the world.

Question 8

What was Britain's decisive advantage in its war with China?

A)Britain had superior military technology.
B)Britain had superior military leadership.
C)Britain had greater financial resources.
D)Britain had control of the seas.

Question 9

Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden" referred to

A)the social costs of industrialization.
B)the difficulties of reaching consensus in a democratic society.
C)the white race's supposed duty to civilize inferior, nonwhite races.
D)the high costs of maintaining colonial rule.

Question 10

How did Ismail transform Egypt in the nineteenth century?

A)He refused to borrow money from Western banks.
B)He promoted large irrigation networks for cotton production and export.
C)He appointed British and French commissioners to oversee Egyptian finances.
D)He moved the capital to Alexandria and rebuilt it as a modern Western city.

Question 11

What was the result of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

A)It set the terms for the division of China into economic zones of influence.
B)It declared Africa off limits to colonization.
C)It set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers.
D)It established high tariffs to protect German industry.

Question 12

What pattern did migration out of Europe often follow in the nineteenth century?

A)Migrants sought out anonymity so that they could re-create themselves as new people with new lives.
B)Families and friends would coordinate their migrations so that they would settle together in a new land.
C)Various churches sponsored migrant groups in order to increase the political clout of the churches in the new lands.
D)Migrants signed contracts with businesses to pay for their migrations in return for several years of labor in the business's factories or mines.

Question 13

How did the British obtain the opium that they smuggled into China?

A)British landlords in Ireland forced Irish peasants to abandon potato fields and grow poppies.
B)Opium was widely grown in the recently seized lands of Australia.
C)The British seized opium that was illegally grown in the Middle East.
D)Opium was grown legally in British-occupied India.

Question 14

In most European countries, how was emigration related to population growth in the late nineteenth century?

A)Emigration encouraged population growth as employment and land became more available.
B)Emigration occurred as population growth occurred, maintaining a rather constant balance.
C)Emigration increased about twenty years after a rapid growth in population, as land became scarce.
D)Emigration decreased as population growth increased, providing evidence of stable growing economies.

Question 15

What was the primary factor that influenced whether European immigrants returned to their native lands?

A)Their degree of success in the New World
B)Family connections in Europe
C)The strength of their new nationalism
D)The possibility of buying land in the home country

Question 16

What new model for European expansion did Britain establish in Egypt?

A)A combination of financial manipulation, indebtedness, and exploitation
B)A combination of military force, political domination, and an ideology of beneficial reform
C)A combination of trade, educational support, and technological assistance
D)A combination of economic collaboration, political alliances, and mutual respect

Question 17

The largest share of European foreign investment went to

A)sub-Saharan Africa.
B)Asia.
C)European states and North America.
D)Latin America.

Question 18

The typical European immigrant was

A)a middle-class professional.
B)an urban factory worker.
C)a small farmer or rural craftsperson.
D)a landless peasant.

Question 19

How did Muhammad Ali reorganize the Egyptian army?

A)He established the army as a permanent religious organization, launching jihad against the infidels.
B)He instituted requirements that all soldiers be educated in mathematics so that they could understand and effectively use modern armaments.
C)He abandoned the draft and adopted a volunteer army of highly paid recruits.
D)He drafted illiterate peasants and hired French and Italian army officers to train the recruits and their Turkish officers.

Question 20

Why were Jewish immigrants in the nineteenth century unlikely to return to their native land?

A)Violent anti-Semitism in eastern Europe
B)The success they enjoyed in their new homes
C)Laws against such repatriation
D)The high cost of travel back to Europe

Question 21

The United States between 1815 and 1932

A)attracted more than half of all European emigrants.
B)absorbed the largest overall number of European emigrants.
C)did not attract as many emigrants as Brazil.
D)took in virtually all European emigrants.

Question 22

After 1860, why did foreign aggression diminish in China until near the end of the century?

A)Europeans had obtained their primary goal of commercial and diplomatic relations.
B)The scramble for Africa distracted Europeans from China.
C)Christian missionaries influenced governments to treat China with dignity.
D)Warfare in Europe distracted the Europeans from East Asia.

Question 23

The Meiji Restoration restored the Japanese emperor to power in 1867 and

A)initiated a series of measures to reform Japan along modern lines.
B)invited Christian missionaries to return to Japan.
C)formed an alliance with the Chinese in order to deal more effectively with Westerners.
D)closed Japan once again to Western influence.

Question 24

What did the British use to break China's self-imposed isolation?

A)Cotton textiles
B)Steam engines
C)Opium
D)Diamonds

Question 25

What did Heinrich von Treitschke believe was the significance of colonies?

A)They violated the spirit of liberty that had led to progress in Europe.
B)They sapped the resources and strength of nations for meager gains.
C)They did not guarantee a nation's greatness.
D)They were essential to great nations.

Question 26

Why did Japan open its shores to Western trade?

A)To enter the world economy
B)As a response to U.S. military pressure
C)As a result of the Meiji Restoration
D)To reduce its dependence on China

Question 27

What happened in 1898 at Fashoda?

A)The British met and annihilated poorly armed Sudanese Muslim troops.
B)The Germans began the construction of a colonial empire in Africa.
C)British and French troops encountered one another and set off a serious diplomatic crisis that only ended when the French backed down.
D)The French completed the expansion of their holdings in West and Central Africa.

Question 28

What was the all-important goal of the architects of the Meiji Restoration?

A)To bring an end to imperial rule
B)To expand trade with the West
C)To meet the threat posed by outside powers
D)To form an alliance with China

Question 29

In the nineteenth century, what country dominated the three-thousand-mile archipelago that is now Indonesia?

A)Spain
B)Great Britain
C)The Netherlands
D)Portugal

Question 30

The Russian Marxist Vladimir Lenin asserted that imperialism

A)violated Christian morals and ethics.
B)diverted attention from needed domestic reforms.
C)signaled the coming decay and collapse of capitalist society.
D)was a sign of the strength of industrial capitalism.

Question 31

To what extent did the New Imperialism result in economic gains and why?

A)The economic gains were substantial because the new lands had vast resources that had been largely undeveloped.
B)The economic gains were substantial but could only be enjoyed after decades of development of the local infrastructure.
C)The economic gains were limited because the new, more democratic governments lacked the political skill to dominate subject peoples.
D)The economic gains were limited because the new colonies were too poor to buy European goods and offered few immediately profitable investments.

Question 32

What medication proved to be effective in controlling malaria and allowing Europeans to venture into the mosquito-infested interior of Africa?

A)Penicillin
B)Quinine
C)Ladanum
D)Aspirin

Question 33

What is "Orientalism"?

A)A doctrine holding that Asia offered the best opportunities for colonization in the late nineteenth century
B)The belief that the Orient was not only an area of ancient civilizations but also where one could still seek spiritual enlightenment
C)The idea that Arab societies in North Africa and the Near East should be carefully studied before they were overwhelmed by modernity
D)A term used by modern scholars to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures

Question 34

How did the Union of South Africa function differently than any other territory in Africa?

A)It functioned as a largely "self-governing" colony.
B)It instituted racist policies.
C)It had few economic resources from which Britain could profit.
D)It permitted Muslims to worship freely.

Question 35

Great Britain chose to seize land in Africa and Asia in the late nineteenth century because it

A)believed that it was the best and most experienced country to aid in the development of local, native people.
B)wished to establish a land corridor of colonial territories stretching from Africa across Asia.
C)feared that France and Germany would seal off their empires with high tariffs, causing it to lose future economic opportunities.
D)believed that it needed more land in order to be able to compete with the United States for world power.

Question 36

What was "nativism" in the nineteenth century?

A)A conscious effort to reach out to immigrants to make them feel they were welcomed and appreciated
B)Beliefs and policies that gave preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants
C)An attempt by European and American upper classes to imitate the seemingly simple lifestyles of native peoples
D)An attempt to bring the benefits of civilization to native peoples in different parts of the world

Question 37

What belief drove native opponents to European colonial rule?

A)The Christian call for love and charity
B)The doctrine of Social Darwinism
C)The nationalist assertion that every people had a right to control their destiny
D)The ideas associated with nativism

Question 38

What was China required to do in the Treaty of Nanking (1842) that ended the first Opium War?

A)Cede the port city of Guangzhou (Canton)to the British
B)Allow the British to oversee the collection of customs duties
C)Open up four large cities to unlimited foreign trade with low tariffs
D)Pay an indemnity of $500 million

Question 39

By 1890, how had Japan met the challenge of Western expansion?

A)It completely adopted Western forms and traditions, imposing them on the poor and uneducated.
B)It isolated itself from the Western world, banning most foreign travel and foreign visitors.
C)It selectively adopted those elements of Western society that were in keeping with Japanese tradition.
D)It united East Asia under its leadership to repel Western military activity.

Question 40

How did some British women seek to affect British colonialism in India in the nineteenth century?

A)They demanded that the British government establish limitations on the number of hours that Indians could be required to work.
B)They called for an end to opium production in India because of its negative consequences for Indian families.
C)They insisted that British welfare benefits be extended to British India in order to support the population during economic downturns.
D)They worked to improve the lives of Indian women, moving them closer to Western standards through education and legislation.

Question 41

How were governments able to use empires to ease social tensions and domestic political conflicts in the nineteenth century?

A)They turned the empires into dumping grounds for Europeans who were misfits or failures.
B)They encouraged the masses to savor foreign triumphs as examples of national glory and prestige.
C)They emphasized that imperialism would bring civilization and Christianity to native peoples.
D)They presented imperialism as part of a Social Darwinist competition with other nations.

Question 42

According to Map 24.2: The Partition of Africa, which European states acquired their first colonies after 1878?

A)Germany, Great Britain, and Spain
B)Belgium, Germany, and Italy
C)France, Portugal, and Spain
D)Great Britain, Italy, and Spain

Question 43

According to Map 24.1: European Investment to 1914, which areas appear to be receiving the bulk of French and German investments?

A)Africa
B)Asia
C)The United States and Canada
D)European countries, including Russia

Question 44

According to Map 24.3: Asia in 1914, which Western power had the latest date of colonization in Asia?

A)The Russian Empire
B)The Japanese Empire
C)The United States
D)Great Britain

Question 45

According to Map 24.1: European Investment to 1914, which areas appear to be receiving the largest amount of British investments?

A)Latin America
B)The United States and Canada
C)Africa
D)Australia and New Zealand

Question 46

How did Asian migrants often come to work in Western-dominated lands?

Question 47

The following is an excerpt from Rudyard Kipling's "The White Man's Burden" (Evaluating the Evidence 24.2): "Take up the White Man's burden,
And reap his old reward-
The blame of those ye better
The hate of those ye guard-
The cry of those ye humor
(Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-
'Why brought ye us from bondage,
Our loved Egyptian night?'"
Kipling's poem implies that non-Europeans are likely to

A)benefit very little from efforts to help them.
B)resent efforts to help them.
C)embrace efforts to help them.
D)worship those who try to help them.

Question 48

The following is an excerpt from Henry Labouchère's "The Brown Man's Burden" (Evaluating the Evidence 24.3): "Pile on the brown man's burden;
And if ye rouse his hate,
Meet his old-fashioned reasons
With Maxims up to date.
With shells and dumdum bullets
A hundred times made plain
The brown man's loss must ever
Imply the white man's gain."
What does the passage imply is the true advantage of Westerners over non-Europeans?

A)Christianity
B)Military technology
C)Political ideals
D)Superior intellect

Question 49

What were "neo-Europes," and why were they significant?

Question 50

How did railroad construction in Latin America, Asia, and Africa serve the needs of European colonizers?

Question 51

What happened during the hundred days of reform in China in 1898?

Question 52

How did the radical English economist J. A. Hobson view imperialism?

Question 53

The following is an excerpt from Rudyard Kipling's "The White Man's Burden" (Evaluating the Evidence 24.2): "Take up the White Man's Burden-
Send forth the best ye breed-
Go, bind your sons to exile
To serve your captive's need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild -
Your new-caught sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child."
Kipling's poem implies that non-Europeans are

A)more like wild animals than civilized humans.
B)sophisticated in their own ways.
C)not human at all.
D)not worth helping.

Question 54

How did population pressures provide an impetus for Western expansion?

Question 55

The following is an excerpt from a speech by Henry Cabot Lodge on immigration reform (Evaluating the Evidence 24.1): "[I]t is on the moral qualities of the English-speaking race that our history, our victories, and all our future rest. There is only one way in which you can lower those qualities or weaken those characteristics, and that is by breeding them out. If a lower race mixes with a higher in sufficient numbers, history teaches us that the lower race will prevail. . . . The lowering of a great race means not only its own decline, but that of civilization. . . ."
Lodge believed that moral qualities

A)were universal and could be found in every race.
B)evolved in response to historical developments.
C)were always relative and not absolute.
D)were inherent characteristics of each race.

Question 56

What was the Great Rebellion in 1857 and 1858?

Question 57

What was the basic idea of the "civilizing mission"?

Question 58

How did the Boers, or Afrikaners, seek to avoid domination by the British?

Question 59

The following is an excerpt from a speech by Henry Cabot Lodge on immigration reform (Evaluating the Evidence 24.1): "[I]t is on the moral qualities of the English-speaking race that our history, our victories, and all our future rest. There is only one way in which you can lower those qualities or weaken those characteristics, and that is by breeding them out. If a lower race mixes with a higher in sufficient numbers, history teaches us that the lower race will prevail. . . . The lowering of a great race means not only its own decline, but that of civilization. . . ."
Lodge believed that unrestricted interracial sexual relations would result in

A)new and better societies.
B)higher rates of disease.
C)the decline of civilization.
D)the creation of better human beings.

Question 60

Who were the "swallows"?

Question 61

How did Asians and Africans respond to the establishment of European imperialism? Using specific examples, describe these responses. What factors seem to have influenced the choice of a particular response?

Question 62

Answer the following questions:
gunboat diplomacy

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 63

Answer the following questions:
Meiji Restoration

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 64

Answer the following questions:
Berlin Conference

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 65

Answer the following questions:
Great Rebellion

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 66

Answer the following questions:
New Imperialism

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 67

Answer the following questions:
Opium Wars

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 68

Both Egypt and Japan, to different degrees and at different times, attempted to modernize their states. Describe these attempts. How can we account for the failure of one and the success of the other?

Question 69

The "Scramble for Africa" is the most striking example of the European rush for empire. Trace the history of imperialism in Africa, being sure to identify the key developments and events. How did it epitomize the New Imperialism?

Question 70

Answer the following questions:
white man's burden

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 71

The global mass migration of the second half of the nineteenth century was one of the most dramatic events in human history. How extensive was this movement of people? Where did they come from, and where did they go? What were the social origins of the various groups of migrants, and what were their motivations?

Question 72

Answer the following questions:
global mass migration

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 73

Answer the following questions:
hundred days of reform

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 74

Historians have called the extension of European dominance after 1882 the New Imperialism. What were the key components of the New Imperialism? How does the case of Egypt exemplify the transition from the old to the new form of imperialism?

Question 75

Answer the following questions:
Orientalism

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 76

Between 1750 and today, an immense gap has developed in per capita income between the West and the rest of the world. Use material from this chapter to trace the origins of that gap.

Question 77

Answer the following questions:
nativism

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

Question 78

Answer the following questions:
Afrikaners

A)A term coined by literary scholar Edward Said to describe the way Westerners misunderstood and described colonial subjects and cultures.
B)The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
C)The use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.
D)The mass movement of people from Europe in the nineteenth century; one reason why the West's impact on the world was so powerful and many-sided.
E)The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
F)Descendants of the Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa.
G)A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
H)The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
I)The 1857 and 1858 insurrection by Muslim and Hindu mercenaries in the British army that spread throughout northern and central India before finally being crushed.
J)Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which was designed to "open" China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
K)Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
L)A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.