Deck 14: Substance Use and Gambling Disorders

Question 1

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance-use disorder includes the continued use of substances despite negative social, occupational, and health consequences, as indicated in the DSM-IV-TR criteria for substance abuse. Why have the DSM-5 authors removed "legal problems" from this criterion?

A) Because of its low prevalence
B) Because it falls inside the realm of regulation
C) Because substance-use disorder is not a criminal offense
D) Because the term has negative connotations

Answer 1

Because of its low prevalence

Question 2

Celeste went to a fraternity party on Saturday night and had too much to drink. Although the last thing she remembers is dancing with Paul, she does not recollect how she got home. Celeste is most likely experiencing:

A) alcohol-induced dementia.
B) delirium tremens.
C) abstinence violation.
D) a blackout.

Answer 2

a blackout.

Question 3

Alcohol is considered a ____ because it ____.

A) stimulant; makes people less inhibited in their behavior
B) depressant; slows the central nervous system
C) stimulant; activates the brain
D) stimulant; activates the sex drive

Answer 3

depressant; slows the central nervous system

Question 4

Which of the following substances has relatively low risk for tolerance?

A) Nicotine
B) Alcohol
C) Opioids
D) Cannabis

Question 5

The DSM-5 authors have combined substance abuse and dependence into one diagnosis called:

A) substance-use disorder.
B) substance abuse disorder.
C) substance dependence disorder.
D) drug-related disorder.

Question 6

_____ is a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result when people who have been using substances heavily for prolonged periods of time stop or greatly reduce their use.

A) Substance withdrawal
B) Substance intoxication
C) Substance abuse
D) Substance dependence

Question 7

Which of the following is cited as a reason why people in countries such as France show lower rates of alcohol-related substance disorders than do people in other countries?

A) Alcohol is usually consumed with meals in France.
B) Alcohol is freely available in France.
C) The low blood-alcohol level for determining whether a person is under the influence of alcohol acts as a deterrent.
D) Despite Americans' beliefs to the contrary, alcohol is not consumed in very large quantities in France.

Question 8

_____ is a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.

A) Substance withdrawal
B) Substance intoxication
C) Substance abuse
D) Substance dependence

Question 9

_____ is present when a person experiences less effect from the same dose of a substance and needs more and more of it to achieve intoxication.

A) Impulse-control disorder
B) Behavioral undercontrol
C) Tolerance
D) Withdrawal

Question 10

The diagnosis of _____ is given in the DSM-5 when a person's recurrent use of a substance results in significant harmful consequences.

A) substance withdrawal
B) substance abuse
C) substance intoxication
D) substance independence

Question 11

Which of the following characterizes the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?

A) Tremulousness, weakness, and profuse perspiration
B) Blackouts
C) Convulsive seizures
D) Auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations

Question 12

Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is _____ or above.

A) 0.01
B) 0.15
C) 0.45
D) 0.08

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the four categories of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse?

A) The individual fails to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use.
B) The individual uses the substance only in situations in which it is not physically hazardous to do so.
C) The individual stops using the substance because of legal problems in the past.
D) The individual complains of withdrawal symptoms, such as nervousness, headaches, and nausea.

Question 14

Macklemore took something at a party earlier in the evening and is now showing changes in the function of his central nervous system that are manifesting in both behavior and physiology. He is most likely experiencing:

A) substance intoxication.
B) substance withdrawal.
C) tolerance.
D) a drive-control disorder.

Question 15

A substance is defined as any:

A) drug that has psychedelic effects.
B) over-the-counter prescription drug.
C) product that could potentially create an addiction.
D) natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.

Question 16

Hannibal began snorting cocaine about three years ago. He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he'd ever had. However, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria, and now he needs more and more of cocaine to get anywhere near to his first experience. Hannibal:

A) has developed a tolerance to cocaine.
B) has transferred his dependence to some other substance.
C) is showing symptoms of withdrawal.
D) is using cocaine that is of inferior quality.

Question 17

Which term refers to alcohol-induced amnesia for the events that occurred while one was intoxicated?

A) Coma
B) Deprivation
C) Blackout
D) Flash

Question 18

Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant?

A) Cocaine
B) Nicotine
C) Cannabis
D) Alcohol

Question 19

Clea has been using cocaine for a while now. She has been without any cocaine for 24 hours and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses. She is most likely showing signs of:

A) substance intoxication.
B) substance withdrawal.
C) tolerance.
D) a drive-control disorder.

Question 20

Franco has fallen ill, lost his job and his wife has left him due to his problem with heroin. His friends and family are telling him that he is an addict because he is exhibiting:

A) substance withdrawal
B) substance tolerance
C) substance intoxication
D) substance dependence

Question 21

Which of the following is a reason why abuse of and dependence on alcohol decline as people age?

A) With age, the liver metabolizes alcohol at a faster rate.
B) The increasing percentage of body water decreases the absorption of alcohol.
C) Older people are financially more secure than younger ones.
D) People who have used alcohol excessively may die before they reach old age.

Question 22

Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to abuse and dependence?

A) Its easy availability
B) The absence of short-term health disorders
C) Symptoms of fatigue and insomnia upon withdrawal
D) Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers

Question 23

Cocaine prevents the reuptake of _____ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use.

A) serotonin
B) epinephrine
C) dopamine
D) prolactin

Question 24

The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is characterized by:

A) convulsive seizures.
B) blackouts.
C) headache, nausea, and abdominal cramps.
D) delirium tremens.

Question 25

Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine?

A) It is less addictive than cocaine in its original form.
B) It is mostly taken intravenously or snorted.
C) It is usually smoked in a water pipe or mixed in a tobacco or marijuana cigarette.
D) It is less powerful than cocaine in its original form.

Question 26

The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes _____, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appear(s) during the second or third day.

A) delirium tremens
B) blackouts
C) convulsive seizures
D) tactile hallucinations

Question 27

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of delirium tremens?

A) Auditory hallucinations
B) Convulsive seizures
C) Shakes and jitters
D) Hypothermia

Question 28

Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out. He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. He has most likely taken:

A) opiates.
B) cocaine.
C) benzodiazepines.
D) alcohol.

Question 29

Binge drinking is defined as consuming:

A) different types of drinks in moderate quantities in one sitting.
B) five or more drinks within a couple of hours.
C) two to three drinks early in the morning.
D) three or more drinks within a span of two hours.

Question 30

Alicia's doctor has prescribed medication to help with her anxiety and insomnia. Which of the following best represents the class of medications he most likely prescribed?

A) Amphetamines
B) Opioids
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Phencyclidine

Question 31

Which of these is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol misuse?

A) Delirium tremens
B) Low-grade hypertension
C) Hyperthermia
D) Collapse of the peripheral vascular system

Question 32

Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination and other signs of central nervous system depression. He has most likely taken:

A) amphetamines.
B) cocaine.
C) benzodiazepines.
D) phencyclidine.

Question 33

Deaths related to alcohol are as much as five times more common among _____ than in the general U.S. population.

A) African Americans
B) Asian immigrants
C) Hispanics
D) Native Americans

Question 34

Which of the following is legally manufactured and sold by prescription, usually as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia?

A) Amphetamine
B) Opioid
C) Benzodiazepine
D) Phencyclidine

Question 35

Low-grade hypertension, combined with increases in the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, puts alcohol abusers at increased risk for:

A) diabetes.
B) hypothermia.
C) heart disease.
D) brain hemorrhage.

Question 36

Which of the following contains antioxidants that can increase "good" cholesterol, along with other chemicals that can help prevent damage to blood vessels and reduce "bad" cholesterol, producing positive cardiac effects?

A) Beer
B) Red wine
C) Whiskey
D) Cognac

Question 37

Which of the following observations is true of cocaine?

A) Its effects wear off quickly.
B) It is one of the few substances immune to development of tolerance.
C) It has been tried at least once by thirty percent of people in the United States.
D) Its use has increased drastically since the mid-1980s.

Question 38

Abuse of and dependence on alcohol:

A) decline as people age.
B) has no correlation with age.
C) increase substantially as people age.
D) increase marginally as people age.

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?

A) Amphetamines
B) Barbiturates
C) Alcohol
D) Nitrites

Question 40

_____ is the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving, often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia.

A) Wernicke's encephalopathy
B) Korsakoff's syndrome
C) Reward deficiency syndrome
D) Alcohol-induced dementia

Question 41

The _____ are a mixed group of substances, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and peyote.

A) benzodiazepines
B) amphetamines
C) hallucinogens
D) opioids

Question 42

On the street, _____ are known as "speed," "meth," and "chalk."

A) amphetamines
B) benzodiazepines
C) barbiturates
D) opioids

Question 43

Which of the following was widely used as a pain reliever in the nineteenth century, until it was found to be highly addictive?

A) Codeine
B) Morphine
C) Nicotine
D) Methadone

Question 44

Which of the following is an alkaloid found in tobacco?

A) Tryptophan
B) Ecgonine
C) Caffeine
D) Nicotine

Question 45

Which of the following is reduced due to normal caffeine intake?

A) Appetite
B) Metabolism
C) Body temperature
D) Blood pressure

Question 46

Amphetamines release the neurotransmitters _____ and block their reuptake.

A) acetylcholine and adenosine
B) glutamate and aspartate
C) epinephrine and serotonin
D) dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 47

Which of the following is the initial symptom of opioid intoxication?

A) Euphoria
B) Drowsiness
C) Vivid dreams
D) A blackout

Question 48

Morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone are all:

A) amphetamines.
B) benzodiazepines.
C) barbiturates.
D) opioids.

Question 49

During opioid intoxication, a person may experience periods of light sleep with vivid dreams. A person in this state is referred to as being:

A) in the twilight zone.
B) counting stars.
C) chasing the dragon.
D) on the nod.

Question 50

What is synesthesia?

A) Overflow from one sensory modality to another
B) Psychomotor agitation or retardation
C) Another term for hypervigilance
D) Auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations

Question 51

Which of the following is true of amphetamine use?

A) The symptoms of intoxication are completely different from those of cocaine intoxication.
B) Like cocaine, amphetamines can produce perceptual illusions.
C) Tolerance and physical dependence develops slowly over a long period of time.
D) Abuse of these drugs has fallen in recent years.

Question 52

_____ are stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems, narcolepsy, and chronic fatigue.

A) Barbiturates
B) Amphetamines
C) Benzodiazepines
D) Opioids

Question 53

Identify the physiological effect of nicotine.

A) It resembles a fight-or-flight response.
B) It reduces stress and anxiety.
C) It suppresses several biochemicals including dopamine and norepinephrine.
D) It reduces the craving to smoke more.

Question 54

Which of the following observations is true?

A) Tobacco use has increased in the United States.
B) Tobacco use has increased in most industrialized countries.
C) Tobacco use is increasing in developing countries.
D) Tobacco use is banned in few industrialized countries.

Question 55

Which of the following is a popular opioid pain reliever?

A) Oxycodone
B) Dihydrocodeine
C) Sufentanil
D) Propoxyphene

Question 56

_____ is by far the most heavily used stimulant.

A) Nicotine
B) Amphetamine
C) Cocaine
D) Caffeine

Question 57

When using hallucinogens, people say they hear colors and see sounds. They feel at one with their surroundings, and time seems to pass very slowly. Which term was coined to describe these experiences?

A) Psychomotor
B) Psychedelic
C) Psychoactive
D) Psychosomatic

Question 58

Which of the following is a natural opioid produced by the human body?

A) Codeine
B) Etorphine
C) Endorphin
D) Alfentanil

Question 59

Which of the following is capable of producing perceptual changes even in small doses?

A) Nicotine
B) Phencyclidine
C) Alcohol
D) Caffeine

Question 60

All of the following are withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids, EXCEPT:

A) dysphoric mood.
B) nausea.
C) delirium tremens.
D) fever.

Question 61

_____ are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors, which can be inhaled and which depress the central nervous system.

A) Barbiturates
B) Amphetamines
C) Opioids
D) Inhalants

Question 62

Which of the following is a widely known date-rape drug which goes by the slang names Roche and the Forget-Me-Not Pill?

A) Ecstasy
B) Ketamine
C) Methadone
D) Rohypnol

Question 63

Which of these is a major reason why ketamine users may injure themselves when they are intoxicated?

A) It has distasteful side-effects.
B) It is an anesthetic.
C) It is hallucinogenic.
D) It reduces serotonin levels.

Question 64

Which of the following has the stimulant effects of an amphetamine along with occasional hallucinogenic properties?

A) PCP
B) LSD
C) Cannabis
D) Ecstasy

Question 65

Long-term users of this drug risk several cardiac problems and liver failure, and they show increased rates of anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms, and paranoia. Another effect is teeth-grinding; some users even suck a baby's pacifier at parties to relieve this. Which drug is being discussed here?

A) GHB
B) Ecstasy
C) Nicotine
D) Cannabis

Question 66

_____ may occur during inhalant use due to acute irregularities in heartbeat or loss of oxygen.

A) Fight-or-flight response
B) Sudden sniffing death
C) Delirium tremens
D) Intermittent explosive disorder

Question 67

Which drug is also known as angel dust, Hog, and Tranq?

A) LSD
B) Phencyclidine
C) Valium
D) Cannabis

Question 68

Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant approved for the treatment of the sleep disorder narcolepsy?

A) GHB
B) Ketamine
C) MDMA
D) Rohypnol

Question 69

Which of the following is a drug that was widely used by bodybuilders and athletes to lose fat and build muscle and was available over the counter in health food stores in the 1980s?

A) MDMA
B) Morphine
C) GHB
D) Rohypnol

Question 70

Why do date-rape victims fail to recognize that they have been drugged with rohypnol?

A) It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless.
B) It goes undetected as the people are usually already intoxicated.
C) It acts within seconds of ingestion.
D) It has no visible effects of intoxication.

Question 71

The compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is also known as:

A) lysergic acid diethylamide.
B) ecstasy.
C) ketamine.
D) cocaine.

Question 72

Marijuana, weed, pot, grass, reefer, and Mary Jane are terms used to refer to:

A) crack.
B) heroin.
C) cannabis.
D) cocaine.

Question 73

Which class of inhalants dilates blood vessels and relaxes muscles and is sometimes used as sex enhancers?

A) Nitrites
B) Solvents
C) Anesthetic gases
D) Aerosols

Question 74

Which of the following is a rapid-acting anesthetic that produces hallucinogenic effects ranging from rapture to paranoia to boredom?

A) Valium
B) Ketamine
C) Methadone
D) Rohypnol

Question 75

The euphoric effects of ecstasy and some of the brain damage are considered to be due to alterations in the functioning of _____ in the brain.

A) norepinephrine
B) epinephrine
C) dopamine
D) serotonin

Question 76

____ goes by the street name G. and Liquid Ecstasy, and is also considered to be a date-rape drug.

A) GABA
B) MDMA
C) LSD
D) GHB

Question 77

Which of the following observations about inhalants is true?

A) The greatest users of inhalants are older people.
B) Asian teenagers appear to have the highest rates of inhalant use in the U.S.
C) Males are more likely than females to use inhalants.
D) Inhalant use is inherently harmless.

Question 78

Which drug was used in the 1960s as part of the consciousness-expanding movement and led to reports of "bad trips"?

A) Amphetamine
B) Cannabis
C) PCP
D) LSD

Question 79

Which of the following observations is true of the drug phencyclidine?

A) It is classified in the DSM-IV-TR as a hallucinogen.
B) It is manufactured as a liquid to be injected.
C) It has many of the same effects as hallucinogens.
D) It is categorized as an opioid.

Question 80

Which of the following is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States?

A) Cannabis
B) Heroin
C) LSD
D) Cocaine