Deck 10: Eating Disorders

Question 1

According to the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at any point in time ___ percent of high school females are attempting to lose weight compared with ___ percent of males.

A) 44; 15
B) 15; 44
C) 10; 2
D) 2; 10

Answer 1

44; 15

Question 2

About what percent of people with anorexia nervosa are estimated to die of starvation, suicide, or medical complications stemming from their extreme weight loss.

A) 1 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 15 percent
D) 45 percent

Answer 2

5 percent

Question 3

The chief characteristic of bulimia nervosa is

A) self-induced vomiting.
B) binge eating.
C) self-starvation.
D) a preoccupation with food.

Answer 3

binge eating.

Question 4

Some experts suggest that a better term than "eating" disorder would be "___________" disorder.

A) nutrition
B) food avoidant
C) starvation
D) dieting

Question 5

One reason why individuals with anorexia steadfastly deny problems with their weight seems to be because they

A) don't trust others enough to admit the truth.
B) have a distorted body image and do not perceive their appearance accurately.
C) never feel hungry.
D) are often at or near normal weight.

Question 6

Agnes, who suffers from anorexia, is dangerously thin but has been steadfastly refusing eat enough to gain weight. If Agnes could honestly explain to you why she doesn't eat, what would she probably say?

A) "I'm not hungry."
B) "I don't enjoy the taste of food and it makes me sick."
C) "I am intensely afraid of becoming fat."
D) "I want to die."

Question 7

In the case of Serrita, whose struggle with anorexia was described in your text, what was her attitude about her condition that is common to many diagnosed with anorexia?

A) She admitted to being too thin and acknowledged her need to gain weight.
B) She admitted to being too thin but denied that she needed to gain weight.
C) She denied that she was too thin.
D) She admitted to being too thin but blamed it on a biochemical deficiency.

Question 8

A national survey found that almost _____ of American women have a negative body image, particularly concerning their waist, hips, and/or thighs.

A) 1 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 9

For both anorexia and bulimia, the rate of occurrence in females compared to males is about

A) 2 to 1.
B) 5 to 1.
C) 10 to 1.
D) equal.

Question 10

What is the body mass index (BMI)?

A) an indicator of the amount of muscle in the body
B) the proportion of body fat to lean tissue in the body
C) a useful indicator for comparing one's weight to expected weights
D) the proportion of daily calories derived from foods that contain needed nutrients

Question 11

The average victim of anorexia looses about what percent of normal body weight?

A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 12

One early study found that young women with anorexia nervosa ____________ the size of various body parts in comparison to a normal control group.

A) overestimate
B) underestimate
C) accurately estimate
D) avoid considering

Question 13

An inaccurate perception of body size and shape is known as

A) anorexia.
B) distorted self image.
C) distorted body image.
D) none of the above

Question 14

A patient's medical chart includes the word lanugo. You can tell from the chart that the patient has anorexia nervosa. What will you expect to observe when the patient is examined?

A) brittle bones
B) a wide eyed stare
C) irregular heart beat
D) fine, downy hair on the face and trunk

Question 15

What is amenorrhea?

A) disturbed body image
B) absence of menstruation
C) less than 85 percent expected body weight
D) undue influence of body shape on self-evaluation

Question 16

What is the primary characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A) self-induced vomiting
B) eating non-nutrient substances
C) repeated episodes of binge eating
D) starving oneself

Question 17

According to the textbook European American and Latina women report higher rates of body dissatisfaction than

A) Asian women.
B) African American women.
C) Middle Eastern women.
D) No difference was found.

Question 18

During a lecture on eating disorders, the lecturer tells the audience, "Let's be candid, anorexia is a misnomer." Most of the people around you are puzzled until the expert explains. What does she say?

A) "Anorexia nervosa is much less prevalent than is generally believed."
B) "Anorexia is actually a form of suicide among clinically depressed adolescents."
C) "The emphasis should be on the nervosa because this is a neurological disorder."
D) "The term anorexia means 'loss of appetite' but people with this disorder are actually hungry."

Question 19

Falling below what percent of your expected, normal body weight is associated with anorexia nervosa?

A) 95 percent
B) 90 percent
C) 85 percent
D) 80 percent

Question 20

Individuals who are attempting to become extremely thin by refusing to eat suffer from

A) obesity phobia.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) anti-obesity obsession.

Question 21

In the middle of an episode of binge eating, how is a woman likely to describe how she feels?

A) delusional
B) lacking control
C) in a hypnotic trance
D) invigorated and energetic

Question 22

What are the primary characteristics of bulimia nervosa?

A) pica and amenorrhea
B) low body weight and pica
C) binge eating and purging
D) eating non-nutrient substances and sexual dysfunctions

Question 23

In the two cases of eating disorders presented in your text-Serrita with anorexia and Michelle with bulimia-there was a very clear difference in their emotional reactions to their behavior. Serrita felt _________ while Michelle felt _________.

A) shame; pride
B) pride; shame
C) out of control; in control
D) depressed; euphoric

Question 24

Bulimia nervosa almost always involves purging. This means that individuals with bulimia nervosa

A) engage in self-induced vomiting.
B) try to rid themselves of what they feel to be evil demons.
C) use various means to eliminate the food that they have consumed during their binges.
D) cannot easily be distinguished from individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Question 25

Which of the following symptoms is a diagnostic criteria for both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

A) fasting
B) bingeing
C) excessive emphasis on body shape and weight
D) intense fear of becoming pregnant

Question 26

A film producer wants to make a movie describing several cases of young women who have been diagnosed as suffering from anorexia nervosa. He is especially interested in exploring some of the psychological dynamics related to the disorder. Which of the following titles might be the best choice for the film?

A) "A Struggle for Control: Anorexia Nervosa"
B) "Anorexia Nervosa: I Don't Want to Grow Up"
C) "How Depression Masquerades as Eating Disorders"
D) "Sexual Disorders and Anorexia Nervosa: A Two-Way Street"

Question 27

Although bulimia nervosa is often referred to as the "binge-purge" disorder, this is misleading because

A) it is not really a disorder because most people binge at least occasionally.
B) there are other ways to compensate for binges that don't involve purging.
C) some individuals with bulimia nervosa overeat frequently but not always in the form of a binge.
D) bulimia nervosa involves bingeing or purging, but not both.

Question 28

Assume that each of the following individuals has a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Which of them is most likely to engage in an episode of binge eating at this point?

A) Ann was upset over failing two exams and she also had an argument with her parents.
B) Farrah is wondering what will happen to her town now that a major employer has cut back on jobs.
C) Diane is watching television and feels sleepy as she listens to the reports of political polls.
D) Barbara just won a scholarship to the college she wanted to attend and she is going out to celebrate.

Question 29

Ann has the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa restricting type. The team of professionals that is going to treat her looks at the diagnosis and what does it tell them?

A) She rarely engages in bingeing or purging.
B) Her personality characteristics have made it difficult to determine if she has a problem at all.
C) She has a rare form of anorexia nervosa in which she is able to maintain her weight within five pounds of her expected weight.
D) The treatments that can be used are limited to those that can address the underlying biological malfunctions responsible for the disorder.

Question 30

Which psychological problem often occurs with bulimia nervosa?

A) depression
B) gender identity disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) histrionic personality disorder

Question 31

Janice suffers from anorexia and is extremely careful about how much she eats. How does she probably feel about this?

A) She takes great pride in her control and self-denial.
B) She feels like she has no control over her behavior.
C) She is greatly ashamed and desperately wants help.
D) Since she doesn't believe she has a problem, she has no strong feelings about this one way or the other.

Question 32

Jane's physician is distressed by her anorexia nervosa. Her weight loss is bad enough, but her medical tests show clear signs of an electrolyte imbalance. What is the physician's major concern?

A) possible cardiac problems
B) a low level of serotonin that often precedes suicide
C) a low level of dopamine that often leads to motor difficulties
D) brain abnormalities suggesting epileptic-like seizures

Question 33

Helen suffers from an eating disorder characterized by frequent binges. We can be reasonably certain that Helen

A) suffers from bulimia nervosa.
B) suffers from either bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa of the binge-eating/purging type.
C) also purges.
D) does not purge.

Question 34

Ken will do almost anything for extra credit. He sees a sign recruiting participants for research on eating. When he inquires, he is told the study involves semi-starvation. He is a bit leery now, so he heads over to the library to read up on the topic. What he finds persuades him to look for other ways to earn extra credit. What did he find?

A) Semi-starvation experiments are associated with a high mortality rate.
B) The experience will lead to symptoms similar to posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) Semi-starvation permanently alters the biological mechanisms that control eating.
D) Participants are likely to develop obsessions and compulsions concerning food that continue after they return to their normal weight.

Question 35

Which of these are likely to be comorbid with anorexia nervosa?

A) bipolar disorder and somatization disorder
B) depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) agoraphobia and borderline personality disorder
D) hypochondriasis and dependent personality disorder

Question 36

As a clinician with a client you have diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, you would also be concerned about comorbid conditions. You would be least concerned about the possibility of

A) depression.
B) an anxiety disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) borderline personality disorder.

Question 37

What types of food are individuals with bulimia nervosa most likely to consume during an episode of binge eating?

A) high protein foods
B) high calorie foods
C) foods that are high in cholesterol
D) non-nutritive, high bulk substances

Question 38

The DSM-IV-TR criteria for bulimia nervosa refer to compensatory behavior. Which of the following represents this type of behavior?

A) going to the gym to watch others exercise
B) use of laxatives after an episode of bingeing
C) feeling out of control during an episode of bingeing
D) fantasizing about food rather than giving in to the temptation to eat

Question 39

Janet is making her annual visit to the dentist. As he is examining her mouth, she senses some concern. She asks if he has found cavities and he says no. He finally comes right out and asks if she has bulimia. What clue suggested this possible diagnosis?

A) eroded dental enamel
B) large gaps between teeth
C) teeth that are growing in crooked
D) open sores at the base of the teeth

Question 40

People diagnosed with anorexia who do not also binge eat or purge, when compared to those who have both symptoms, are generally less

A) comorbid.
B) depressed.
C) anxious.
D) self-obsessed.

Question 41

Which of the following individuals would meet the common criteria for defining obesity?

A) a person who weighs 10 percent more than the expected weight
B) a person who weighs 20 percent more than the expected weight
C) a person who weighs 40 percent more than the expected weight
D) a person who weighs 100 percent more than the expected weight

Question 42

The A&E cable channel is presenting the biography of Dr. Hilde Bruch. The presentation includes interviews with Dr. Bruch, who is asked to explain her theory of the development of eating disorders. What does she say?

A) Impulsive, out of control young women use eating disorders as a means of rebelling.
B) Overly compliant young women use dieting as a means to wrest some control from their parents.
C) A fear of sexual dysfunction motivates some young adolescents to try to stop the maturation process cold in its tracks.
D) The scapegoating of a young adolescent female leaves her with no other means to deal with the stress of living in a dysfunctional family.

Question 43

What two subtypes of bulimia nervosa are described in DSM-IV?

A) purging and nonpurging
B) restricted and unrestricted
C) life-threatening and non life-threatening
D) depression induced and non-depression induced

Question 44

Your friend is a whiz when it comes to maps. He decides to create a computerized map showing the countries where eating disorders are likely to occur. He asks you for assistance in creating this visual image. What will you tell him?

A) These disorders occur in nearly all societies.
B) These disorders occur only in the United States and Canada.
C) These disorders occur in cultures with small population growth.
D) These disorders occur almost exclusively in North America, Europe, and Japan.

Question 45

While paging through the DSM-IV you find a diagnosis called binge eating disorder. How is this disorder listed?

A) personality disorder
B) diagnostic category requiring further study
C) medical condition affecting mental disorders
D) eating disorder

Question 46

Which of the following ages falls within the typical age range for the onset of eating disorders?

A) 7
B) 10
C) 17
D) 35

Question 47

The validity of the distinction between restrictive type and binge eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa is questioned mainly because

A) they are both express a gender bias.
B) they do not differ in terms of comorbidity, recovery, relapse, or mortality.
C) individuals diagnosed with either describe themselves in similar terms.
D) There is no question about the validity of the distinction.

Question 48

Which is most accurate with regard to the distinction between purging and nonpurging subtypes of bulimia nervosa?

A) Experts in the field have recommended dropping the distinction.
B) Research continues to validate the distinction.
C) This distinction is most useful in deciding on treatment strategies.
D) There is little difference between the two in behavior, but significant difference in prognosis.

Question 49

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders is most accurate?

A) Anorexia is common throughout the population.
B) Anorexia is rare in the general population but common among certain segments.
C) The prevalence of bulimia is declining while the prevalence of anorexia is increasing.
D) Bulimia is increasingly most rapidly among young males.

Question 50

You have been asked to design a targeted prevention program of eating disorders. Which group would receive the most focus in your program design?

A) lower-class 20- to 24-year-old black females
B) upper-class 16- to 20- year-old black females
C) lower-class 24- to 30- year-old white females
D) upper-class 16- to 20-year-old white females

Question 51

Which of the following is a reason frequently given by scientists to explain the much higher rate of eating disorders among females?

A) Women are much more likely than men to base their self-image on body image.
B) Men are not concerned about their appearance.
C) Men do not have to be concerned about the cultural image of good looks.
D) Women do not tend to judge men based on their appearance.

Question 52

What have researchers found concerning the relationship between eating disorders and an individual's report of sexual abuse?

A) Sexual abuse is reported much more frequently by those with eating disorders than other pathologies.
B) The rate of reports of sexual abuse among those with eating disorders is lower than in the general population.
C) Sexual abuse is reported in anorexia at higher rates than other pathologies, but not in bulimia.
D) The rate of reports of sexual abuse among those with eating disorders is similar to that found in other pathologies.

Question 53

Compared to families of individuals with anorexia nervosa, which of the following are you more likely to find in families of individuals with bulimia nervosa?

A) cohesion and the absence of conflict
B) conflict and rejection
C) multiple instances of eating disorders
D) medical illnesses affecting many family members

Question 54

A researcher discussing the prevalence of eating disorders makes reference to what she says is a cohort effect for these disorders. What does this mean?

A) Eating disorders tend to run in close-knit families.
B) Women born after 1960 have a higher rate of bulimia nervosa than women born prior to 1960.
C) Families that place a special emphasis on eating meals together have high rates of eating disorders.
D) The frequency of eating disorders is strongly related to the rate among friends, especially in high school.

Question 55

Which of the following occupations is associated with an elevated risk for developing eating disorders?

A) nurse
B) singer
C) secretary
D) gymnast

Question 56

The tendency to develop eating disorders seems related to which of the following variables?

A) high school grades
B) degree of extraversion
C) exposure to popular media
D) ratio of female to male friends

Question 57

Although it is certainly an unusual source of data for researchers, some have looked at Playboy centerfolds and Miss America Beauty pageant contestants. How is this research relevant to eating disorders?

A) The emphasis on thinness is a relatively recent phenomenon in the last 20 years.
B) Their facial features indicated they had dieted beyond the point of medical safety.
C) Between 1959 and 1988, their ratio of weight to height for these groups declined dramatically.
D) In their interviews, almost all of them gave subtle clues suggesting they were in deep conflict concerning weight control.

Question 58

Which of the following characterizes the concept proposed by Minuchin of the enmeshed family?

A) mood disorders run in the family
B) family members are overly involved in one another's lives
C) the children in the family were born within short periods of time
D) family members have overlapping responsibilities within the home

Question 59

What have epidemiologists found concerning the frequency of eating disorders?

A) Bulimia nervosa is more common than anorexia nervosa.
B) Anorexia nervosa is more common than bulimia nervosa.
C) Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa occur at the same rates.
D) The rates of these eating disorders have reached a peak and are now declining.

Question 60

A cross-cultural researcher is investigating the relationship between body weight and wealth in Third World countries. Which of the following is most likely to summarize the relationship?

A) There is no relationship between body weight and wealth.
B) There is a strong positive relationship between body weight and wealth.
C) There is a strong negative relationship between body weight and wealth.
D) It is the same as the relationship found in industrialized nations.

Question 61

Ann suffers from bulimia and has been gaining weight. Her parents are concerned and have been encouraging her to go on a diet. What would you tell her and her parents?

A) "She lacks the will power to diet successfully."
B) "She has an unconscious reason to maintain weight."
C) "An inherited endocrine dysfunction is most likely responsible for the difficulty she has losing weight."
D) "Dieting is likely to contribute directly to subsequent binge eating."

Question 62

What is the first goal of the treatment of anorexia nervosa?

A) gaining at least a minimal amount of weight
B) developing insight into negative feelings about weight
C) removing the social stigma associated with the illness
D) exploring possible reasons for the illness such as social pressure

Question 63

A weight level the body seems to defend by adjusting its rate of energy use is called the

A) weight set point.
B) ideal weight.
C) metabolic weight.
D) energy/weight balance.

Question 64

Although extremely rare, eating disorders have been linked to lesions in the

A) striatum.
B) cerebellum.
C) hippocampus.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 65

With respect to the role of genetics in eating disorders, it is most likely that

A) anorexia is inherited, but not bulimia.
B) bulimia is inherited, but not anorexia.
C) genetics might influence some personality characteristics that increase the risk for eating disorders.
D) eating disorders are responses to cultural pressures and are totally unrelated to genetics.

Question 66

___________ or negative mood states commonly trigger episodes of binge eating according to Vogele and Gibson.

A) Anapraxsis.
B) Hysteria.
C) Anhedonia.
D) Dysphoria.

Question 67

Paula suffers from bulimia nervosa and is considering treatment with an antidepressant medication. Knowing that you have been studying this issue, she asks your opinion. What should you tell her?

A) "Antidepressants have been shown to be very effective."
B) "Antidepressants will help you with your purging but not with your bingeing."
C) "Relapse is common when medication is stopped."
D) "Because antidepressants make you feel better, you will be less motivated to deal with your eating disorder."

Question 68

A group of research participants is in front of a series of schematic figures of women ranging from very thin to very obese. What is the researcher investigating?

A) body-size delusional systems
B) deficits in sensory perception
C) dissatisfaction with one's body image
D) the effects of punishment on eating behavior

Question 69

What have researchers concluded concerning the role of neurophysiological factors in eating disorders?

A) Eating disorders result from abnormal brain functioning.
B) Neurophysiological changes are the effects of eating disorders, not the cause.
C) Serotonin plays the key role in eating disorders.
D) No neurophysiological factors have been identified.

Question 70

An expert on eating disorders describes those with such disorders as "lacking introceptive awareness." Which of the following characterizes this lack?

A) They do not recognize internal cues of emotional states as well as hunger.
B) They do not understand how other people try to influence their behavior in subtle ways.
C) They do not pay attention to the nonverbal behavior of individuals during conversations.
D) They often confuse hunger pangs with signs of deeper psychological significance.

Question 71

Researchers are finding an increased rate of which mental disorder in both victims of eating disorders and their family members?

A) schizotypal personality disorder
B) panic attack
C) depression
D) PTSD

Question 72

In one study ___________ lead to a 70 to 80 percent reduction in binge eating and purging.

A) psychodynamic therapy
B) aversive conditioning
C) client centered therapy
D) cognitive behavior therapy

Question 73

In establishing an eating disorder clinic your group of professionals is keen to include all of the therapies that are currently being used to treat these disorders. You will likely include several different therapies, but not

A) token economies.
B) Bruch's psychodynamic therapy.
C) cognitive behavioral therapy.
D) feminist therapies.

Question 74

Frances suffers from bulimia nervosa and is seeing a therapist who is focusing on normalizing her eating patterns and on her dysfunctional attitudes. Which form of therapy is her therapist providing?

A) psychodynamic therapy
B) aversive conditioning
C) interpersonal therapy
D) cognitive behavior therapy

Question 75

Which of the following findings seems to support Hilde Bruch's view of the etiology of eating disorders?

A) The rate of anorexia nervosa has been increasing in recent decades.
B) Anorexia nervosa is found almost exclusively in the United States, Europe, and Japan.
C) The parents of children with eating disorders are very likely to have used strict, punitive discipline.
D) Young women with eating disorders tend to set unrealistic, perfectionistic goals.

Question 76

Which form of therapy is emerging as an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa because patients continue to improve after the end of therapy?

A) psychodynamic therapy
B) behavior therapy
C) interpersonal therapy
D) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Question 77

Efforts to understand the relationship between depression and eating disorders have focused on which of the following depressive symptoms?

A) psychomotor retardation
B) sleep disturbances
C) low self-esteem
D) generalized anxiety

Question 78

The most widely studied form of family therapy for eating disorders involves parents initially taking complete control over the child's eating. Age-appropriate autonomy is returned to the child as eating improves. This system is called the

A) parental control method.
B) pyschodynamic method.
C) Montreux method.
D) Maudsley method.

Question 79

A medical technician looks up from the microscope and says to his supervisor, "I think we have a case of hyperlipogenesis here. " What would this information tell the physician about the patient whose tests were just analyzed?

A) The patient suffered cardiac arrest secondary to an eating disorder.
B) The patient's body is storing an abnormally large amount of fat in fat cells.
C) The patient's endocrine system is working at a high rate that will soon lead to exhaustion.
D) The patient's heart rate has increased as a result of having to push more blood through clogged arteries.

Question 80

An expert on eating disorders is giving a talk about the relationship between eating disorders and depression. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for this talk?

A) "Depression: The Primary Cause of Eating Disorders"
B) "Depression: Both Cause and Effect"
C) "Successful Treatment of Eating Disorders Has No Effect on Depression"
D) "Eating Disorders Are Symptoms of Depression"