Deck 4: The Research Endeavor

Question 1

Cindy was in a car accident that left her in a coma for 3 months. When she awoke, she had no memory of the event nor did she recognize her family. If the car accident triggered her memory loss, what would the car accident be characterized as?

A) A recent event
B) A historical event
C) A psychological event
D) A current event

Answer 1

A recent event

Question 2

Tina's parents are concerned because she seems to have trouble writing. She often writes her numbers backwards and cannot seem to stay in the lines. The school suggests that they seek psychological counselling, especially since the problem occurred after the family's car accident. Why might the family need a psychologist?

A) A psychologist would be able to assess cognitive deficits such as learning disabilities
B) A psychologist would be more sympathetic to the parents' concerns
C) There is no biological reason for the problem so the next step is to see a psychologist
D) A psychologist is not really necessary because the teacher is probably overreacting

Answer 2

A psychologist would be able to assess cognitive deficits such as learning disabilities

Question 3

Assessment of functional impairment would include all of the following, except:

A) Interpersonal and family relationships
B) Productivity at school or work
C) Workplace relationships
D) Intensity of symptoms

Answer 3

Intensity of symptoms

Question 4

Which of the following terms refers to the process of gathering information about an individual's symptoms and the causes of symptoms?

A) Assessment
B) Diagnosis
C) Data collection
D) Interview

Question 5

Which of the following factors is most important to the onset of symptoms?

A) An individual's understanding of his/her symptoms
B) Recent events that may have triggered the symptoms
C) A family history of physical disease or psychological disorders
D) The inability to recall important information about the symptoms

Question 6

Anthony reluctantly tells his new psychologist that he has had several diagnoses including brief psychotic disorder. What is this information referred to as?

A) A history of family disorders
B) A history of psychological disorders
C) A history of unprovoked psychological disorders
D) A history of individual physical disorders

Question 7

Larry is having problems adjusting to his new lifestyle since the divorce. He is often late for work and has begun to avoid his friends and family. Jerry's supervisor has noticed a decline in Larry's productivity at work and his co-workers say he seems a bit off lately. Which area would the psychologist most likely assess?

A) Biological functioning
B) Family functioning
C) Social and occupational functioning
D) Economic functioning

Question 8

Which of the following is true concerning Michael J. Fox's condition?

A) He used appropriate ways of dealing with the stress of his disease
B) He turned to medical professionals for prescription drugs to manage his pain
C) He initially turned to alcohol and did not seek family support in the early stages of his disease
D) He developed psychological problems that were associated with his method of coping with his stress and symptoms

Question 9

Which of the following is the least important to gathering information about a potential client?

A) Family history of mental disorders
B) Recent events that occurred in the individual's life
C) Previous history of mental disorders
D) The individual's self diagnosis

Question 10

Tools used in psychological assessments can provide information on all of the following, except:

A) Biological functioning
B) Cognitive deficits
C) Emotional well-being
D) Economic factors

Question 11

One of the strengths of online self-assessment questionnaires relative to traditional professional assessment questionnaires is

A) Conclusiveness
B) Awareness raising
C) Reliability
D) Validity

Question 12

What disorder was Michael J. Fox diagnosed with?

A) Huntington's Disease
B) Parkinson's Disease
C) Neurosyphilis
D) Alzheimer's Disease

Question 13

Which of the following is the least important when gathering information about a client's symptoms?

A) Current symptoms
B) Insurance coverage
C) Sociocultural factors
D) Physiological factors

Question 14

Which of the following is true of symptoms that arise in response to a specific event?

A) They are often treated by the individual by self-medicating
B) They may be misdiagnosed or receive no diagnosis
C) They require documentation that the symptoms actually exists
D) They generally require immediate medical attention

Question 15

Which of the following is true of the information gathered in an assessment?

A) It is used for determining a person's problem
B) It generates profiling for others with the same problem
C) It becomes part of the person's permanent medical record
D) It must be accessible to everyone working in the psychologist's office

Question 16

Michael J. Fox believed his symptoms were the result of an accidental hanging that occurred on his movie set. If the accidental hanging had triggered his symptoms, what would this event be characterized as?

A) A current event
B) A recent event
C) A later event
D) A historical event

Question 17

Jeff decided to seek mental health services for his depression. He was somewhat resistant in responding to the psychologist's questions. He felt as though his family's history of depression, particularly his mother's depression, was none of the psychologist's business. Why was the psychologist most likely asking these questions?

A) To pry into Jeff's personal affairs
B) To find out if family therapy was necessary
C) To gather background information for planning treatment
D) To make a diagnosis based on biological factors

Question 18

The Addictive Behaviours Questionnaire (ABQ) includes all of the following scales, EXCEPT

A) Gambling
B) Sexual behaviour
C) Trichotillomania
D) TV watching

Question 19

Which of the following manuals is used to diagnose mental disorders in Canada and the United States?

A) Criterion of Treatable Mental Disorders
B) Mental Measurement Manual of Mental Disorders
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
D) Standards of Assessing Mental Disorders

Question 20

Which of the following is the most current edition of the DSM?

A) DSM-III-R
B) DSM-IV
C) DSM-IV-RT
D) DSM-IV-TR

Question 21

What does the term "acculturation" refer to?

A) The extent to which cultural heritage is measured against other cultures
B) The extent to which a person believes his/her culture is superior
C) The extent to which a person identifies with all cultures except his/her own
D) The extent to which a person identifies with his/her group of origin and its culture or with the mainstream dominant culture

Question 22

Sociocultural factors involve all of the following, except:

A) Economic pressures
B) Social support
C) Cultural factors
D) Biological symptoms

Question 23

What is the difference between a structured interview and an unstructured interview?

A) A structured interview uses standard questions and an unstructured interview uses open-ended questions
B) A structured interview uses open-ended questions and an unstructured interview uses a pencil-paper interview
C) An unstructured interview uses standard questions and a structured interview uses a pencil-paper interview
D) An unstructured interview uses standard questions and a structured interview uses open-ended questions

Question 24

"What brings you to our office today?" is an example of a question that might be asked during which of the following interviews?

A) Inappropriate interview
B) Structured interview
C) Unstructured interview
D) Conversational interview

Question 25

Jason was taking a test to measure his mood. When he glanced over the test, the questions seemed as if they were indeed related to his problem. In this case, the test is said to have:

A) Construct validity
B) Face validity
C) Content validity
D) Concurrent validity

Question 26

Which of the following is the least important when assessing and diagnosing neurological problems?

A) Intellectual abilities
B) Substance use
C) Socioeconomic status
D) Cognitive functioning

Question 27

Rachel has been experiencing episodes of paranoia and hallucinations. She claims that someone is entering her house and tampering with her furnace. She also says that she can smell the person's scent through the vents. Her clinician gathered information about previous history of mental illness and substance abuse. Why is it important to gather this additional information?

A) To determine a differential diagnosis
B) To assess whether Rachel requires hospitalization
C) To help the patient understand the importance of good mental health
D) To rule-out the need for a physical examination

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true?

A) There are several definitive biological tests to diagnose psychological disorders
B) A physical examination is warranted before any psychological assessment can be made
C) Physical problems can impair psychological functioning
D) A relationship does not exist between biological tests and psychological symptoms

Question 29

When several diagnoses are possible, the clinician gathers information to help determine which diagnosis best captures the client's symptoms. What is this process referred to?

A) Single diagnosis
B) Dual diagnosis
C) Multiple diagnosis
D) Differential diagnosis

Question 30

What type of questions does the clinician ask in an unstructured interview?

A) Closed-ended questions
B) Historical questions
C) Open-ended questions
D) Spontaneous questions

Question 31

Why might a psychologist insist that a client get a physical exam?

A) The psychologist feels that a second opinion is necessary to finalize a diagnosis
B) The psychologist believes that medication might be needed and only a few psychologists have prescription writing privileges
C) The psychologist wants to rule-out any physiological reasons for the presenting symptoms
D) The psychologist is aware that biological factors are the cause of mental disorders

Question 32

This is Lee's first visit to the psychologist's office. The psychologist asked a series of questions about his personal and family history. Why might the psychologist ask these questions?

A) They are part of the intake interview
B) They are used to assess the importance Lee places on relationships
C) They help determine whether Lee's treatment will be covered by insurance
D) They help determine Lee's insight into his problems

Question 33

The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) is an example of which type of interview?

A) Structured interview
B) Random interview
C) Unstructured interview
D) Constructed interview

Question 34

Tina's parents made an appointment for her to see a mental health professional. During the intake interview she refused to respond to the interviewer's questions. She claimed that her parents dragged her there and she did not have to cooperate if she did not want to. Tina is most likely exhibiting which of the following?

A) Acceptance
B) Resistance
C) Compliance
D) Distraction

Question 35

Which of the following terms refers to the extent to which a test actually measures what it is intended to measure?

A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Constructability
D) Generalizability

Question 36

Rudolph was asked a set of questions in his intake interview that seemed very objective. He was surprised because his friends had told him to expect open-ended questions like, "Tell me about yourself." What type of interview did the clinician most likely conduct on Rudolph?

A) Unstructured interview
B) Mental health interview
C) Biopsychosocial interview
D) Structured interview

Question 37

An intake interview is sometimes referred to as:

A) A mental health exam
B) A medical health exam
C) A mental status exam
D) A medical status exam

Question 38

Why is it important to inquire about a client's social support system during an assessment?

A) It helps the clinician assess the social resources available to the individual
B) It provides the clinician with enough information to encourage social interaction
C) It helps the clinician understand why the individual sought help
D) It helps the client become more self-sufficient

Question 39

Xia's family immigrated to Canada when she was 2 years-old. Her parents maintained their traditional cultural values and traditions. Xia, on the other hand, respected her parents and their views but viewed herself as a Canadian. Her parents often accused Xia of forgetting herself and questioned who she had become. Which of the following likely accounts for Xia's behaviour?

A) Acculturation
B) Assimilation
C) Accommodation
D) Acclamation

Question 40

Recently Sarah was informed that she had a thyroid disorder. Her family noticed that she had become moody and lost interest in playing the piano. They also noticed that she seemed more tired than usual, and only ate small amounts of food. What is the most likely explanation for Sarah's depression?

A) Sarah's depressed mood resulted from feeling misunderstood by her family
B) Sarah's depressed mood is probably related to thyroid disease
C) Sarah's depressed mood manifested without a recent event triggering the symptoms
D) Sarah's depressed mood is her way of getting sympathy from her family

Question 41

Which of the following is not a neuropsychological test?

A) Bender Gestalt Test
B) Rorschach Inkblot Test
C) Halstead-Reitan Test
D) Luria-Nebraska Test

Question 42

Which type of validity refers to the extent to which the test measures what it is supposed to measure and not something else?

A) Predictive validity
B) Concurrent validity
C) Construct validity
D) Face validity

Question 43

Which brain imaging technique provides information on activity in specific areas of the brain?

A) PET
B) MRI
C) DAP
D) CT

Question 44

Wallace took the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test during the 6^th, 8^th and 10^th grade. On each occasion his test scores were practically the same. The Stanford-Binet would be exhibiting which type of reliability?

A) Test-retest reliability
B) Internal reliability
C) Inter-rater reliability
D) Alternate form reliability

Question 45

Which of the following brain-image techniques is considered the safest?

A) CT
B) MRI
C) MMPI
D) PET

Question 46

When would the Bender-Gestalt Test be particularly useful?

A) When differentiating between mental retardation and autism
B) When determining different personality types
C) When identifying people who do or do not have brain damage
D) When measuring emotional and intellectual abilities

Question 47

June recently had an MRI. The procedure involved which of the following?

A) Narrow X-ray beams were passed through June's head and the amount of radiation was measured to construct 3-D computer images of her brain
B) A biological test was used to determine differences in the levels of activity in specific areas of June's brain
C) June was given a pencil and paper and told to reconstruct several images that were presented to her
D) A magnetic field around the brain was created to realign the hydrogen atoms in the brain which allows a computer to read the magnetic signals and reconstruct 3-D images of June's brain abnormalities

Question 48

Which of the following terms refers to consistency in measurement?

A) Reliability
B) Generalizability
C) Validity
D) Constructability

Question 49

If a test assesses all the important aspects of a phenomenon, the test is said to have:

A) Content validity
B) Construct validity
C) Concurrent validity
D) Contextual validity

Question 50

Which of the following brain imaging techniques uses an enhancement of X-ray procedures to reconstruct 3-D computerized images of structural damage to the brain?

A) CT
B) PET
C) fMRI
D) MRI

Question 51

What type of test is used to detect cognitive and fine motor deficits?

A) Neurophysiological test
B) Neuropsychological test
C) Neurobiological test
D) Neurological test

Question 52

Which of the following terms is an index of how consistent the results of a test are over time?

A) Alternate form reliability
B) Internal reliability
C) Test-retest validity
D) Test-retest reliability

Question 53

Which of the following is true of validity and reliability?

A) Validity and reliability both measure consistency
B) Validity measures consistency and reliability measures accuracy
C) Validity measures accuracy and reliability measures consistency
D) Validity and reliability both measure accuracy

Question 54

Which is the best type of test to measure brain damage?

A) A Cognitive test
B) A Personality test
C) A Neuropsychological test
D) A Behavioural assessment

Question 55

Which of the following terms refers to the similarity in people's answers to different parts of the same test?

A) Content validity
B) Internal reliability
C) External validity
D) Alternate reliability

Question 56

During National Depression Month, Georgia and Serena took different self-report tests on depressed mood. Both have a history of dysthymia. When they compared their experiences they found that they had received similar scores. In this case, the tests are considered to have:

A) Concurrent reliability
B) External validity
C) Concurrent validity
D) Internal reliability

Question 57

Which of the following is the most cost effective neuropsychological test?

A) Computerized Tomography (CT)
B) Bender Gestalt Test
C) Halstead-Reitan Test
D) Luria-Nebraska Test

Question 58

What is meant by the term "predictive validity"?

A) The test measures what it is intended to measure and not something else
B) The test measures accurately what it is intended to predict
C) The test appears to measure what it is intended to measure based on face value
D) The test has the ability to predict how a person will think, feel or behave in the future

Question 59

Which of the following is correct concerning reliability?

A) Alternate form reliability refers to similar answers to different forms of a test and internal reliability refers to similar answers to different parts of the same test
B) Alternate form reliability refers to similar answers to different forms of a test and internal reliability refers to similar answers to different forms of a test
C) Alternate form reliability refers to similar answers to different parts of the same test and internal reliability refers to similar answers to different parts of the same test
D) Alternate form reliability refers to similar answers to different forms of the test and internal reliability refers to identical answers to similar parts of the same test

Question 60

Which of the following is used to identify specific deficits and possible brain abnormalities?

A) Computerized brain monitors
B) Internal brain images
C) Brain-imaging techniques
D) External brain regulators

Question 61

Which of the following is incorrect concerning intelligence tests?

A) Intelligence tests are controversial and there is little consensus as to what intelligence means
B) Intelligence tests are biased in favour of middle-class and upper-class European North Americans
C) Various cultures around the world emphasize many different forms of reasoning that may not be assessed on intelligent tests
D) Several cultural-fair tests exist that can be used with a variety of cultural minority groups

Question 62

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most common questionnaires used to assess the following:

A) Symptoms of depression and anxiety
B) Symptoms of depression and paranoia
C) Symptoms of depression and mania
D) Symptoms of depression only

Question 63

Which of the following is a critique of the Beck Depression Inventory?

A) The test is incapable of capturing the new manifestations of depressive symptoms
B) Clients often provide exaggerated responses on the BDI
C) The BDI does not clearly differentiate between depressive symptoms and distress related to anxiety and other disorders
D) The clinical syndrome of depression is too complicated to be assessed by a single tool such as the BDI

Question 64

Advocates of projective tests argue which of the following?

A) Projective tests are useful in determining cognitive deficits
B) Projective tests allow people to see themselves as others do
C) Client responses to projective stimuli are rarely biased
D) Projective tests are useful in uncovering unconscious issues

Question 65

Critics of intelligence tests argue that these tests favor which of the following groups?

A) Middle-class educated Afro-Canadian women
B) Upper-class educated European women
C) Middle-class and upper-class educated Asian Canadians
D) Middle-class and upper-class educated European North Americans

Question 66

Which of the following are questionnaires that attempt to assess the person's way of thinking, feeling and behaving?

A) Depression inventories
B) Anxiety inventories
C) Cognitive inventories
D) Personality inventories

Question 67

contain?

A) 500
B) 450
C) 647
D) 567

Question 68

The MMPI-2 asks questions about all of the following, except:

A) Psychological states
B) Spiritual attitudes
C) Moral and social attitudes
D) Behaviours

Question 69

Which of the following is not measured by an intelligence test?

A) Spatial memory
B) Verbal fluency
C) Abstract reasoning
D) Creativity

Question 70

Which of the following is a quick way of assessing a person's psychiatric symptoms?

A) Symptom questionnaire
B) MRI
C) Behavioural observation
D) CT

Question 71

Luther is examining the functional and structural brain abnormalities of people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. His research methodology will most likely include which brain imaging technique?

A) Magnetic resonance imaging
B) Positron-emission tomography
C) Computerized tomography
D) Neuropsychological testing

Question 72

Which of the following terms refers to the method of comparing an individual's score on an intelligence test with the performance of individuals of the same age group?

A) WAIS
B) IQ
C) WISC
D) QI

Question 73

What type of tests present people with stimuli to interpret in line with their current concerns and feelings, their relationships with others, and conflicts or desires?

A) Projective
B) Subjective
C) Objective
D) Relative

Question 74

Which of the following is not a projective test?

A) Rorschach Inkblot
B) Halstead-Reitain
C) Thematic Apperception Test
D) Draw-a-Person Test

Question 75

During Sophia's second visit to the psychologist, the clinician gave her a symptom questionnaire that assessed her symptoms of depression. Sarah most likely completed which of the following questionnaires?

A) The Depression and Biological Inventory (DBI)
B) The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
C) The Inventory of Beck's Depression (IBD)
D) The Inventory of Depression and Biology (IDB)

Question 76

Sarah's parents were concerned because she "seemed slow" for her age. Sarah had a complete physical and mental examination. In addition, she had a battery of tests. The results of one test revealed that Sarah suffered from mild mental retardation. What type of test was likely used to diagnose Sarah with mild mental retardation?

A) A neuropsychological test
B) A personality test
C) A behavioural observation
D) An intelligence test

Question 77

Cynthia wants to become a police officer. A person must take a battery of tests before admission into the academy. Cynthia took a test that had over 500 true/false questions. What measure did Cynthia most likely complete?

A) The Beck Depression Inventory
B) The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
C) The California Achievement Test
D) The Thematic Apperception Test

Question 78

What type of test is used to measure an individual's intellectual strengths and weaknesses?

A) Intelligence
B) Personality
C) Aptitude
D) Academic

Question 79

What is the average performance score on an IQ test?

A) 0.1
B) 10
C) 100
D) 1.0

Question 80

Margaret received an IQ score of 100 on her intelligence test. What does a score of 100 indicate?

A) Her performance was much lower than the individuals in her same age group
B) Her performance was much higher than the individuals in her same age group
C) Her performance was average for her age group
D) Her performance was slightly above average for her age group