Deck 17: Adjustment Disorders and Life-Cycle Transitions

Question 1

Rudy drank wine until she was unable to think straight. Her motor responses were slow and awkward and then she went to sleep. Which of the following terms best describes Rudy's state?

A) Substance intoxication
B) Substance withdrawal
C) Substance abuse
D) Substance dependence

Answer 1

Substance intoxication

Question 2

What is it called when a substance has a direct effect on one's attention, body coordination, cognition, and perception?

A) Substance intoxication
B) Substance withdrawal
C) Substance abuse
D) Substance dependence

Answer 2

Substance intoxication

Question 3

According to your text, what does the term "substances" refer to?

A) Illicit drugs that have psychoactive effects
B) Over-the-counter medication and prescription drugs that have psychoactive effects
C) Legal drugs and phytomedicine that have psychoactive effects
D) Any natural or synthesized products that have psychoactive effects

Answer 3

Any natural or synthesized products that have psychoactive effects

Question 4

Rita is ingesting substances that are categorized as central nervous system depressants. Which of the following drugs is not a depressant?

A) Barbiturates
B) Inhalants
C) Nicotine
D) Alcohol

Question 5

Dutch law enforcement makes a distinction between "hard" and "soft" drugs when prosecuting the possession, use, and sale of illegal drugs. Which of the following would be considered a "soft drug"?

A) Heroin
B) Alcohol
C) Cannabis
D) Cocaine

Question 6

A DSM-IV diagnosis can be given for withdrawal symptoms from all of the following substances, except:

A) Barbiturates
B) Amphetamines
C) Caffeine
D) Nicotine

Question 7

In Great Britain, what is substance addiction considered?

A) A psychological disorder
B) A medical disease
C) A psychiatric illness
D) A psychosocial problem

Question 8

Which of the following statements is false concerning substance withdrawal?

A) The symptoms of withdrawal can begin within a few hours after the person stops ingesting the substance
B) The symptoms of withdrawal from a given substance are typically the opposite of the symptoms of intoxication of that substance
C) The diagnosis of substance withdrawal is made whenever withdrawal symptoms occur, even if those symptoms do not cause significant distress or impairment in daily functioning
D) Withdrawal symptoms may end within a few days to a few weeks or may be present for weeks or months after a person stops using a substance

Question 9

Mali asked Dr. Franklin to explain why she gets red in the face and feels dizzy and uncoordinated when she drinks wine. Dr. Franklin explained that these are signs of which substance-related problem?

A) Physiological dependence
B) Psychological dependence
C) Alcohol tolerance
D) Alcohol intoxication

Question 10

report, which of the following findings is true?

A) Approximately two thirds of the United States population admits to having tried an illegal substance and approximately 10% have used a drug in the past year
B) Approximately three fourths of the United States population admits to having tried an illegal substance and approximately 15% have used a drug in the past year
C) Approximately half of the United States population admits to having tried an illegal substance and approximately 15% have used a drug in the past year
D) Approximately one third of the United States population admits to having tried an illegal substance and approximately 10% have used a drug in the past year

Question 11

When is a diagnosis of substance abuse warranted, according to the DSM-IV?

A) When the problem has evolved into substance dependence
B) When a person repeatedly has problems in at least one of the four diagnostic categories during a 12-month period
C) When a person has problems in one of the four diagnostic categories for at least 3 years
D) When a person's use of a substance causes significant physical, psychological, or social harm

Question 12

Which of the following is not recognized by the DSM-IV-TR as a substance-related disorder?

A) Substance overdose
B) Substance withdrawal
C) Substance abuse
D) Substance dependence

Question 13

People who fear that marijuana will cause disinhibition are likely to respond with which of the following emotions after becoming intoxicated?

A) Relaxation
B) Anger
C) Anxiety
D) Euphoria

Question 14

Cissy likes to drink rum and Coke on the weekends. After an evening of drinking, she finds that she awakens with a headache, feelings of fatigue, and hand tremors. A drink in the morning is sufficient to remove her physical symptoms. What is Cissy most likely experiencing?

A) Alcohol tolerance
B) Alcohol abuse
C) Delirium tremens
D) Alcohol withdrawal

Question 15

Which of the following drugs is not a central nervous system stimulant?

A) Cocaine
B) Benzodiazepines
C) Caffeine
D) Amphetamines

Question 16

Which of the following terms refers to a set of behavioural and psychological changes that occur as a direct result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system?

A) Substance intoxication
B) Substance withdrawal
C) Substance abuse
D) Substance dependence

Question 17

What does substance withdrawal refer to?

A) A set of maladaptive physiological and behavioural symptoms that result when a person who has used a substance heavily for a prolonged period stops or greatly reduces their use of the substance
B) A set of behavioural and psychological changes that occur as a direct result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system
C) A condition that occurs when a person's recurrent use of a substance results in significant harmful consequences
D) A condition that occurs when a person experiences less and less of an effect from the same dose of a substance and needs greater and greater amounts to achieve intoxication

Question 18

Steven has been given a diagnosis of substance intoxication. What does this diagnosis mean?

A) He has ingested a significant amount of a substance
B) People in his social environment have condemned his maladaptive behaviour
C) The behavioural and psychological changes he experiences are significantly maladaptive
D) He has ingested a substance that is considered illegal

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true concerning substance use and gender?

A) Men are more likely to use illicit substances than women
B) Men are less likely to use illicit substances than women
C) Women are more likely to use a legal substance than men
D) Men and women are equally likely to use illicit and legal substances

Question 20

A study that compared rates of drug abuse by Canadian and American students over a 20-year period found that ____________ use was higher in the US, whereas ___________ was higher in Canada.

A) Cocaine; heroin
B) Cocaine; LSD
C) LSD; cocaine
D) Cocaine; marijuana

Question 21

Which of the following substances has the lowest risk of tolerance?

A) Alcohol
B) PCP
C) Heroin
D) Nicotine

Question 22

Celeste went to a fraternity party on Saturday night and had too much to drink. Although the last thing she remembers is dancing with Paul, she obviously got home somehow. What did Celeste likely experience?

A) Alcohol-induced dementia
B) Delirium tremens
C) Korsakoff's psychosis
D) A blackout

Question 23

Which of the following substances is not considered high risk for tolerance?

A) Cannabis
B) Alcohol
C) Opioids
D) Stimulants

Question 24

Which of the following is not one of the distinct patterns of drinking outlined in the text?

A) Drinking large amounts of alcohol every day and planning the day around drinking
B) Abstaining from drinking for long periods, then going on extended binges
C) Abstaining from drinking during the day during the workweek, then drinking heavily during evenings or on weekends
D) Abstaining from drinking until 5:00 p.m., then promptly having a 5:00 p.m. drink, having another with dinner, and a "nightcap" before going to bed

Question 25

Which of the following diagnoses is appropriate when a person uses alcohol in dangerous situations, fails to meet important obligations, and has recurrent legal or social problems resulting from alcohol use?

A) Alcohol withdrawal
B) Alcohol abuse
C) Alcohol dependence
D) Alcohol tolerance

Question 26

Why is alcohol considered a depressant?

A) It makes people inhibited in their behaviour
B) It has a dampening effect on the central nervous system
C) It reduces the activity in the brain
D) It depresses mood

Question 27

Wolf has been using crack cocaine for over a year to help him have the alert, extraverted personality he needs at his job. He has been trying to stop, but his cravings are so strong that he lies, steals, and intimidates others to get more drugs. Which of the following terms best describes Wolf's experience?

A) Cocaine intoxication
B) Cocaine craving
C) Cocaine psychosis
D) Cocaine dependence

Question 28

Gervase not only uses alcohol in dangerous situations and fails to meet his social, financial, and work obligations, but he has also developed a physiological tolerance to alcohol. He spends much of his time intoxicated or in withdrawal and continues to drink despite the problems it causes. What would Gervase likely be diagnosed with?

A) Alcohol abuse
B) Alcohol dependence
C) Alcohol tolerance
D) Alcohol intoxication

Question 29

Jeff's girlfriend is concerned about his weekend alcohol binges. Jeff argues that he is not bingeing, but simply partying with his friends. How many drinks would Jeff need to consume in order for his behaviour to be classified as a drinking binge?

A) 5 or more drinks within a couple of hours of each other
B) 5 or more drinks within a couple of days of each other
C) 7 or more drinks within a couple of hours of each other
D) 7 or more drinks within a couple of days of each other

Question 30

Approximately what percentage of deaths that occur from drinking large quantities of alcohol are caused by respiratory paralysis?

A) 33%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 66%

Question 31

Which of the following is the most common cause of alcohol-related deaths?

A) Automobile accidents
B) Respiratory paralysis
C) Interaction with other substances
D) Alcohol toxicity

Question 32

Jack is a cannabis user and Suzanne drinks alcohol. With regard to tolerance, which of the following statements is true?

A) Jack and Suzanne are both at low risks for tolerance to the substances
B) Jack is at lower risk for tolerance and Suzanne is at higher risk for tolerance
C) Jack and Suzanne are both at high risk for tolerance to the substances
D) Jack is at high risk for tolerance and Suzanne is at low risk for tolerance

Question 33

What is it called when a person experiences less and less effect from the same dose of a substance and needs greater doses of the substance to achieve intoxication?

A) Intoxication
B) Dependence
C) Abuse
D) Tolerance

Question 34

Dr. Stone has agreed to try to help Amber cut down on her cigarette use. She has tried to quit, unsuccessfully, 10 times. Her husband divorced her saying the cost, the smell, and the threat to his health drove him out. When she first took up this habit, Amber used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day, but now this has increased to 40 cigarettes a day. What diagnosis would Amber likely receive?

A) Substance abuse
B) Substance dependence
C) Substance intoxication
D) Substance withdrawal

Question 35

Which of the following is not a DSM-IV criterion for substance dependence?

A) The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended
B) The person has repeated legal problems because of substance use
C) The individual spends a great deal of time in activities to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects
D) The person gives up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of substance use

Question 36

Which of the following methods of administering a drug is least likely to lead to overdose?

A) Injection
B) Snorting
C) Smoking
D) Orally

Question 37

Michael has been arrested three times for driving under the influence. He recently lost his job because he was consuming alcohol during the day. In addition, his wife has a restraining order against him. Given these particular problems, what substance use disorder does Michael have?

A) Alcohol tolerance
B) Alcohol abuse
C) Delirium tremens
D) Alcohol withdrawal

Question 38

Dr. Eastman is fatigued, depressed, hungry, sleepy, in a bad mood, and moves slowly since he gave up his favourite substance of abuse. What type of substance did Dr. Eastman most likely give up?

A) A stimulant
B) A depressant
C) An opioid
D) A hallucinogen

Question 39

Since Clifford has been using inhalants, he has changed friends and lost his job. Fortunately, Clifford does not experience ill-effects when he stops using the inhalants. Clifford would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

A) Substance abuse
B) Substance dependence
C) Substance addiction
D) Substance tolerance

Question 40

Hannibal began snorting cocaine about a year ago. He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he has ever had. Although he gets high every weekend, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria and now he needs more and more of the drug to get anywhere close to his first experience. Which of the following statements is true of Hannibal?

A) He has developed a tolerance to cocaine
B) He has become physiologically dependent on cocaine
C) He is addicted to cocaine
D) He has become psychologically dependent on cocaine

Question 41

Which of the following is not associated with increased alcohol abuse and dependence among Canada's Aboriginal people?

A) Poverty
B) Lower levels of education
C) Feelings of loss of cultural identity
D) Abundant leisure time

Question 42

Delirium tremens can occur during withdrawal from which of the following substances?

A) Alcohol
B) Cocaine
C) Opioids
D) Hallucinogens

Question 43

Which of the following medications are prescribed for approximately 90 percent of people hospitalized for medical care or surgery?

A) Stimulants
B) Sedatives
C) Psychotropics
D) Antidepressants

Question 44

Alcohol-induced persisting amnesic disorder is a permanent cognitive disorder caused by damage to the central nervous system. It consists of which of the following syndromes?

A) Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis
B) Alcohol-induced dementia and alcohol psychosis
C) Alcohol tolerance and alcohol dependence
D) Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcohol-induced dementia

Question 45

Which of the following is not one of the stages of severe alcohol withdrawal?

A) A hangover that is gone within several hours to a day
B) Symptoms of the "shakes," vomiting, and "seeing" or "hearing" things that disappear in a few days
C) Convulsive seizures
D) Delirium tremens

Question 46

Moses began drinking heavily when he was a teenager. He was trying to cope with the anxiety and depression that had plagued him since childhood. Which subtype or pattern of alcohol dependence is Moses exhibiting?

A) Negative affect
B) Antisocial
C) Borderline
D) Depressive

Question 47

Which of the following is not a reason why older people may be less likely to abuse alcohol?

A) As people get older, there are changes in their sense of taste such that alcohol tastes extremely bitter and they stop drinking
B) As people get older, they become more mature in their choices and many choose not to drink alcohol excessively
C) People who have used alcohol excessively for many years may die from alcohol-related diseases before they reach old age
D) Slower liver metabolization rate of alcohol causes older adults to become intoxicated faster and experience the negative effects of alcohol more severely and quickly

Question 48

Which of the following substances does not produce similar effects to alcohol?

A) Benzodiazepines
B) Barbiturates
C) Inhalants
D) Cannabis

Question 49

In Canada, which ethnic group consumes more alcohol than other groups?

A) Western Europeans
B) African Americans
C) Asians
D) Eastern Europeans

Question 50

James's wife has noticed after he has been drinking, he vomits, has the shakes, and gets anxious because of his visual hallucinations. She is concerned because she has read that people who drink can have these symptoms. Which of the following problems is James exhibiting?

A) A hangover
B) Dissociation
C) Convulsive seizures
D) Delirium tremens

Question 51

Which of the following best explains the gender gap in alcohol use?

A) Women, particularly those who are parents, are reluctant to consume alcohol because of their nurturing responsibilities
B) Traditional gender roles might dictate the consumption of alcohol, especially in areas where drinking is an acceptable practice among men but not women
C) Women tend to feel anxious about consuming alcohol for fear it may lower their inhibitions and they might embarrass themselves
D) Local laws in some cultures prohibit the consumption of alcohol by women and fine them if they drink

Question 52

According to SAMSHSA (2005), _____________ of men over the age of 12 said they had consumed at least one alcoholic beverage in the past month compared with _____________ of women.

A) 62%; 46%
B) 46%; 62%
C) 35%; 15%
D) 15%; 35%

Question 53

Which of the following is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol abuse and dependence?

A) Hypertension
B) Cholesterol
C) Coronary heart disease
D) Diabetes

Question 54

Approximately what percentage of people with alcohol dependence experience seizures or delirium tremens?

A) 1 percent
B) 11 percent
C) 29 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 55

Which of the following medical conditions is an alcohol-related syndrome that involves mental confusion, disorientation, and in severe states, a coma?

A) Korsakoff's psychosis
B) SLC6A3 polymorphism
C) Wernicke's encephalopathy
D) Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 56

Otto has been a heavy drinker for 20 years. He has experienced a number of problems due to his inability to remember things. Because he is aware that he could lose his job due to the memory problems, Otto tends to lie and make up stories to cover up his problem. What is Otto most likely experiencing?

A) Delirium tremens
B) Alcohol-induced dementia
C) Alcohol psychosis
D) Korsakoff's psychosis

Question 57

Eileen has been advised by her doctor not to drink alcohol when she is pregnant. Her doctor warned her that consumption of alcohol by a pregnant woman may cause which of the following conditions in her child?

A) Down syndrome
B) Fetal alcohol syndrome
C) Alcohol dementia
D) Alcohol withdrawal

Question 58

Elbert has a history of alcohol dependence and abuse. Late one night, he became disoriented and very agitated. He also got sweaty, red in the face, and had a seizure before collapsing. What did Elbert likely experience?

A) Alcohol psychosis
B) A blackout
C) Alcohol intoxication
D) Delirium tremens

Question 59

Both Korsakoff's syndrome and alcohol-induced dementia involve which of the following problems?

A) Personality changes
B) Memory loss
C) Possible coma
D) Encephalitis

Question 60

Maurice never admits he is drunk. He was married once, but his wife left him because he became very paranoid. His whole life seems to be organized around his drinking and he has cirrhosis. Sometimes his liver "turns off" and he hallucinates-he sees people jumping out of closed doors and slamming them, coming toward him, and attacking him. He smells so badly of alcohol and urine that his 10-year-old niece refuses to see him anymore. He no longer remembers her name, anyway. Which of the following medical conditions does Maurice appear to have?

A) Alcohol psychosis
B) Mesolimbic blackouts
C) Alcohol-induced dementia
D) Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true concerning withdrawal from high-doses of amphetamines?

A) The user may experience severe depression and become suicidal during withdrawal
B) The user may have visual hallucinations during withdrawal
C) The user may die from cardiovascular excitation if amphetamines are suddenly discontinued
D) The user may die from renal failure if amphetamines are suddenly discontinued

Question 62

Which developmental pattern of barbiturate abuse and dependence is often seen among teenagers or young adults?

A) The drugs are initially prescribed while hospitalized for surgery
B) The drugs are initially prescribed by family physicians to manage the high stress of achieving an identity and handling conflict with parents
C) The drugs are initially used recreationally to produce a sense of euphoria
D) The drugs are initially stolen from parents and later obtained through several physicians

Question 63

Which of the following medical conditions is not one of the harmful consequences of chronic inhalant use?

A) Death due to depression of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
B) Permanent damage to the central nervous system
C) Eczema and other skin disorders
D) Hepatitis, liver disease, and kidney disease

Question 64

Drake uses inhalants. Which of the following products is not an inhalant?

A) Mouthwash
B) Gasoline
C) Paint thinner
D) Spray paints

Question 65

Annette abuses diet pills and realizes that the best way to avoid withdrawal symptoms is to continue taking them. She had a very frightening experience the last time she took too many. Annette found herself experiencing severe delusions and hallucinations. What was Annette likely experiencing?

A) Delirium tremens
B) Mesolimbic amnesic syndrome
C) Amphetamine-induced psychosis
D) A hangover

Question 66

Which of the following conditions is due to acute irregularities in the heartbeat or loss of oxygen?

A) Sudden death syndrome
B) Sudden sniffing death
C) Sniffing death syndrome
D) Sudden sniffing death hypothesis

Question 67

June exhibits grandiose and impulsive behaviours when she uses drugs. She also experiences hypersexual and compulsive behaviours along with symptoms of paranoia and panic. What drug is June most likely using?

A) Cocaine
B) Heroin
C) PCP
D) LSD

Question 68

Which of the following substances is most likely to result in patterns of abuse and dependence because of the rapid and strong effects on the brain's reward system centres?

A) Marijuana
B) Alcohol
C) Cocaine
D) Nicotine

Question 69

Which of the following drugs activates the CNS and causes feelings of energy, happiness, and power, and decreases desire for sleep and food?

A) Sedatives
B) Stimulants
C) Anticonvulsants
D) Psychotropics

Question 70

Which of the following symptoms is not associated with withdrawal from amphetamines?

A) Paranoid thinking
B) Memory loss
C) Mood instability
D) Echolalia

Question 71

Which developmental pattern of barbiturate abuse and dependence is often seen among women?

A) The drugs are initially prescribed while hospitalized for surgery
B) The drugs are initially prescribed by family physicians to treat anxiety or insomnia
C) The drugs are initially used recreationally to produce a sense of euphoria
D) The drugs are initially given by a friend and then later obtained through several physicians

Question 72

What is the most common cause of death from overdosing on barbiturates?

A) Respiratory arrest and cardiovascular collapse
B) Destruction of the brain and shutting down of the central nervous system
C) Hepatitis and lack of oxygen to the brain
D) Lung cancer and liver cirrhosis

Question 73

Which of the following statements is true concerning the use of cocaine?

A) Cocaine produces a sudden rush of alertness, followed by low self-esteem and irritability
B) Cocaine produces a sudden rush of euphoria, followed by elevated self-esteem, alertness, and energy
C) Cocaine produces a sudden rush of energy and alertness followed by a great sense of euphoria
D) Cocaine produces a sudden rush of euphoria, followed by high levels of depressed mood, anxiety, and irritability

Question 74

Amphetamines affect which of the following neurotransmitters by causing their release and blocking their reuptake?

A) Serotonin and dopamine
B) Dopamine and norepinephrine
C) Norepinephrine and acetylcholine
D) Acetylcholine and serotonin

Question 75

Who is the most likely to use inhalants?

A) Alec, a German Canadian teenager
B) Ricky, an African teenager who is a refugee in Canada
C) Edward, an Asian Canadian teenager who recently immigrated to Canada
D) Randal, an Aboriginal Canadian teenager

Question 76

Jack has a history of cocaine abuse. Which of the following substances did he likely use prior to cocaine?

A) LSD and marijuana
B) Heroin and alcohol
C) Alcohol and marijuana
D) Nicotine and marijuana

Question 77

"Speed runs" are associated with which of the following substances?

A) Marijuana
B) Amphetamines
C) Cocaine
D) Nicotine

Question 78

Drake inhales spray paint. Drake will likely experience all of the following symptoms, except:

A) Slurred speech
B) Depressed mood
C) Acid reflux
D) Irritability

Question 79

Letha has been hospitalized. She is exhibiting symptoms of anxiety and insomnia. Letha will most likely be given which of the following medications?

A) Stimulants
B) Antidepressants
C) Psychotropics
D) Sedatives

Question 80

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which of the following neurotransmitters?

A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Norepinephrine